01854nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260000800211300001400219490000700233520115600240100001901396700002501415700002401440700002901464700002101493700002301514856011101537 2022 eng d a0884-291400aMXenes: advances in the synthesis and application in supercapacitors and batteries0 aMXenes advances in the synthesis and application in supercapacit cNOV a3865-38890 v373 a

MXenes, the newest family member of the two-dimensional materials have been widely investigated for different applications, particularly in the energy storage realm. With regard to this, MXene precursors have attained widespread attention for the application in electrochemical energy storage devices especially supercapacitors and batteries. This review has comprehensively studied various synthesis strategies adopted for MXenes including the top-down and bottom-up approaches. The shift to renewable energy alternatives have focused on the electrochemical choices such as supercapacitors and batteries, the most common and relevant ones. Thus the application of MXenes and its composite in supercapacitors as electrodes have been analyzed along with its detailed mechanism and electrochemical performance. Several battery chemistries including lithium-ion, sodium-ion and other battery systems utilizing MXenes have also been discussed here. Thus the existing strategies, advancements, and drawbacks regarding the inclusivity of MXenes in the electrochemical energy systems of supercapacitors and batteries are reviewed in this article.

1 aWasnik, Kundan1 aPawar, Meenakshi, D.1 aRaphael, Leya, Rose1 aPullanchiyodan, Abhilash1 aShelke, Manjusha1 aRaghavan, Prasanth uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mxenes-advances-synthesis-and-application-supercapacitors-and-batteries01665nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260000900253490000700262520086800269653002301137653001801160653003601178653002201214653002101236100002001257700001901277700002501296856012601321 2023 eng d a1861-472800aFew-layer graphene lithiophilic and sodiophilic diffusion layer on porous stainless steel as lithium and sodium metal anodes0 aFewlayer graphene lithiophilic and sodiophilic diffusion layer o cAPR 0 v183 a

In order to subdue the obvious problem of uneven electric field distribution on regularly used copper/aluminum current collectors for alkali metal batteries, graphene on porous stainless steel (pSS_Gr) was fabricated using the ion etching technique that is employed as an effective host for lithium and sodium metal anodes. The binder-free pSS_Gr demonstrated stable Li plating and stripping at areal current and capacity of 6 mA cm(-2) and 2.54 mAh cm(-2), respectively, for over 1000 cycles with 98% coulombic efficiency (C.E.). Also, in the case of Na metal anode, the host has shown stable performance at 4 mA cm(-2) and 1 mAh cm(-2) over 1000 cycles with similar to 100% C.E.. Further, a full cell composed of Li-plated pSS_Gr as an anode and LiFePO4 as a cathode is electrochemically tested at 50 mA g(-1) current density with stable 100 cycles.

10aFew layer graphene10aFree-standing10aLi and Na metal functional host10aNa depth profiles10apost-cycling XPS1 aPatrike, Apurva1 aWasnik, Kundan1 aShelke, Manjusha, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/few-layer-graphene-lithiophilic-and-sodiophilic-diffusion-layer-porous-stainless-steel02738nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245016500055210006900220260000800289300001100297490000700308520168400315653002501999653003302024653002402057653004502081653003402126653002702160100002002187700002202207700001902229700001702248700002202265700002602287700000502313856013002318 2023 eng d a2352-152X00aHigh rate, high temperature, dendrite free plating/stripping of Li in 3-dimensional honeycomb boron carbon nitride to realize an ultrastable lithium metal anode0 aHigh rate high temperature dendrite free platingstripping of Li  cSEP a1075470 v683 a

Lithium (Li) metal could be the anode of choice for energy dense Li-batteries owing to its high theoretical specific capacity. However, low coulombic efficiency and poor safety on account of the occurrence of the Li-dendrites during charging-discharging pose a bottleneck for practical applications. In this work, we report a high-rate plating and stripping of Li through host engineering to realize ultrastable Li metal anode (LMA). Benchmark plating/stripping efficiency could be achieved via uniquely structured, highly ordered honeycomb boron carbon nitride (HBCN) as a functional scaffold. Boron and nitrogen doping, large surface area and ordered mesoporous structure induce homogeneous solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formation and provide numerous nucleation sites with subsequent dendrite-free growth with 99.98 % coulombic efficiency at 8 mA cm(-2) high current and 10 mAh cm(-2) capacity over 3000 cycles. Via post-cycling advanced characterizations techniques of Ex-situ XPS, 3D X-ray micro-tomography analyses and FESEM, we demonstrate the formation of a stable SEI layer and morphological changes that occurred during Li plating cycles in the HBCN structure. Computational studies validate the high lithium plating-stripping efficacy of HBCN to its highly ordered porous nature, exothermic Li-binding and upshift in the Fermi levels. When tested at elevated temperature (50 degrees C), a stable Li plating-stripping in HBCN is realised at 4 mA cm(-2) current and 10 mAh cm(-2) capacity values with similar to 100 % C.E. Furthermore, we report the results of testing a Li metal cell comprised of Li deposited HBCN anode and LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode.

10aBoron carbon nitride10aDendrite-free Li metal anode10aFunctional scaffold10aHigh temperature plating/stripping of Li10aMolecular planarity parameter10aX-ray micro-tomography1 aPatrike, Apurva1 aKarbhal, Indrapal1 aWasnik, Kundan1 aTorris, Arun1 aMaibam, Ashakiran1 aKrishnamurty, Sailaja1 a uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-rate-high-temperature-dendrite-free-platingstripping-li-3-dimensional-honeycomb-boron01036nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000900238300001100247490000700258653001400265653001600279653003100295100001700326700001900343700001900362700002600381700002200407700001900429700002200448700002100470700002000491700002800511700001900539700002400558700002200582856011800604 2024 eng d a2352-152X00aPANI-grafted boron, nitrogen co-doped carbon fiber: An outstanding, high-performance supercapacitor electrode0 aPANIgrafted boron nitrogen codoped carbon fiber An outstanding h cAUG  a1126680 v9610aComposite10apolyaniline10aSolid-state supercapacitor1 aNayan, Rajiv1 aSinha, Shubhra1 aDixit, Vaibhav1 aSatnami, Manmohan, L.1 aGhosh, Kallol, K.1 aPervez, Shamsh1 aDeb, Manas, Kanti1 aShrivas, Kamlesh1 aRai, Manish, K.1 aYenchalwar, Sandeep, G.1 aWasnik, Kundan1 aJadkar, Sandesh, R.1 aKarbhal, Indrapal uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/pani-grafted-boron-nitrogen-co-doped-carbon-fiber-outstanding-high-performance01369nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260000900224300001400233490000600247520060400253653001500857653001500872653001800887653001700905653002400922100001900946700002000965700002500985856012901010 2024 eng d a2574-096200aUnveiling a promising active host material for sodium metal anodes through V2AlC max derivation0 aUnveiling a promising active host material for sodium metal anod cJUL  a6084-60890 v73 a

To address the issue of nonuniform sodium deposition, in this study, V2ZnC (named VZC), which is synthesized by substituting Zn for Al in V2AlC, is used as a host material to facilitate effective Na utilization. The key concept is to utilize Zn and its forms as an active site to trap Na, while the high mechanical strength of VZC can accommodate volume changes in the sodium metal anode during charging and discharging. VZC displayed regulated plating and stripping at a higher current and capacity of 8 mA cm-2 and 2 mAh cm(-2), respectively, with Coulombic efficiency close to 99.99%.

10aelectrodes10aNucleation10aoverpotential10asodium metal10aXPS depth profiling1 aWasnik, Kundan1 aPatrike, Apurva1 aShelke, Manjusha, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/unveiling-promising-active-host-material-sodium-metal-anodes-through-v2alc-max-derivation02635nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260000800230490000700238520166300245653001401908653003401922653001801956653002701974653002302001653002102024100001802045700002202063700001702085700001902102700003602121700001902157700001802176700002102194856013002215 2024 eng d a2468-519400aWide temperature enhanced sodium storage in tailored, sustainable sodiophilic biphasic N-doped carbon0 aWide temperature enhanced sodium storage in tailored sustainable cAPR0 v373 a

Alternative to Li-ion batteries(LIB), Na-ion batteries (NIB) and Na metal batteries (NMB) are gaining significant attention due to their low cost, abundance, and safety. By modulating microstructural properties such as graphitization, heteroatom doping, surface-rich functional groups, and interlayer d-spacing, Na-ion storage in NIB and Na plating/striping in NMB can be ameliorated. This study reports sodiophilic N-doped polymer-derived carbon (PDC) as an anode for NIB and host for Na metal in NMB. As NIB anode, PDC provides a storage capacity of 173 mAh g- 1 at 1 A g- 1 in half-cell and 84 mAh g- 1 at 1C (1C = 128 mAhg- 1) in full-cell with Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) cathode. As Na metal anode (NMA) host, a high columbic efficiency (C.E.) of 99.45% for over 1000 cycles at 6 mA cm- 2_4 mAh cm-2 is obtained. Furthermore, fascinating wide temperature (50 degrees C and -20 degrees C) sodiumion storage is successfully demonstrated by PDC. Advanced X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the formation of stable and uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) composed of inorganic and organic components, X-ray microtomography confirmed uniform Na plating throughout the volume of the electrode analogous to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results. A sustainable and scalable promising biphasic NIB anode and sodiophilic host for Na metal was possible due to larger d-spacing, partial graphitization, high mesoporosity, N-doping, presence of surface functional groups, better charge transfer, and diffusion properties.

10aFull-cell10aLow and elevated temperatures10aNa metal host10aPolymer-derived carbon10aSodium-ion battery10aX-ray tomography1 aYadav, Poonam1 aDas, Anoushka, K.1 aTorris, Arun1 aWasnik, Kundan1 aKoppisetti, Heramba, Venkata Sa1 aPol, Vilas, G.1 aShelke, Vilas1 aShelke, Manjusha uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/wide-temperature-enhanced-sodium-storage-tailored-sustainable-sodiophilic-biphasic-n-doped01993nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260000800272490000700280520118000287653002501467653000801492653004501500653002601545653000801571100001901579700002201598700002501620856013001645 2025 eng d a1613-681000aEnhanced stability of sodium metal anodes in covalent triazine frameworks via progressive nucleation with optimized conducting composite matrix0 aEnhanced stability of sodium metal anodes in covalent triazine f cAUG0 v213 a

Organic materials offer exciting possibilities to improve rechargeable battery performance in multiple ways. This study explores the Covalent Triazine Framework (CTF) as an interlayer to modulate progressive sodium nucleation and subsequent recurrent deposition/extraction in an anode-less sodium battery. The optimized composite, C60R40, which combines CTF with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), has demonstrated its effectiveness as a host. In half cell Na electrodeposition, the C60R40 host exhibits 99.9% coulombic efficiency at an applied current density and areal capacity of 6 mA cm-2 and 2 mAh cm-2, respectively, for 500 cycles. The stable performance is also observed in both full-cell and anode-less battery configurations. When paired with Na3V2(PO4)2F3, the sodium-plated C60R40 demonstrated a stable discharge capacity of 110 mAh g-1. Furthermore, the anode-less sodium battery configuration, with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, achieved a promising discharge capacity exceeding 50 mAh g-1 without any additional modifications. These findings highlight the significant role of organic materials in improving the performance of rechargeable sodium metal batteries.

10aanode-less batteries10aCTF10ainstantaneous and progressive nucleation10aNucleation and growth10aSEI1 aWasnik, Kundan1 aBhatt, Rajesh, C.1 aShelke, Manjusha, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhanced-stability-sodium-metal-anodes-covalent-triazine-frameworks-progressive-nucleation02655nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260000800258490000600266520167900272653002101951653003901972653001402011653002602025653002402051100001702075700002102092700001602113700003602129700001902165700002302184700002102207700001902228856013002247 2025 eng d a2366-960800aInsights into electrolyte-solvent interactions and SEI formation for sustainable sodium-ion battery operation at low temperatures0 aInsights into electrolytesolvent interactions and SEI formation  cSEP0 v93 a

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) show promise as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, they face performance challenges at ultra-low temperatures (<-40 degrees C) due to slow Na+ transfer kinetics with conventional electrolytes. This limitation restricts their use in extreme environments such as polar regions and outer space. The presented systematic study addresses this challenge by modulating and tailoring the electrolyte composition for SIBs, enabling ultra-low temperature operation down to -110 degrees C for the first time. The comprehensive molecular dynamic and density functional theory calculations combined with experimental Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of advanced electrolytes provided a deeper mechanistic understanding of the solvation structures and their impact on electrochemical performance. By varying the solvent composition with a combination of tetrahydrofuran and 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran solvents and sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) salt, the freezing point, solubility, and Na+ solvation structure of the electrolyte is modulated and studied in detail. The extensive anion engagement in the optimized mix solvent electrolyte facilitated the formation of a stable and inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase layer, ensuring low overpotentials and uniform Na+ deposition, yielding superior cycling stability. As a result, the developed electrolyte enables SIBs to achieve reversible capacities of 88 mAh g(-1) at -60 degrees C and 50 mAh g(-1) at -100 degrees C. These insights may contribute to developing improved energy storage devices suitable for challenging environmental conditions.

10acontact-ion pair10asolid electrolyte interphase (SEI)10asolvation10aultra-low temperature10aXPS-depth Profiling1 aKim, Soohwan1 aMirzapure, Vinay1 aAtwi, Rasha1 aKoppisetti, Heramba, V. S. R. M1 aWasnik, Kundan1 aRajput, Nav, Nidhi1 aShelke, Manjusha1 aPol, Vilas, G. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/insights-electrolyte-solvent-interactions-and-sei-formation-sustainable-sodium-ion-battery02236nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260000800266300001600274490000700290520129400297653001801591653004401609653002701653653002301680653001901703100001901722700001801741700001701759700002101776700001801797700002501815856013001840 2025 eng d a1944-824400aInvestigations into the nucleation dynamics of the stable Na-metal anode: revealing the role of a tin-infused carbon nanofiber interlayer0 aInvestigations into the nucleation dynamics of the stable Nameta cFEB a12281-122900 v173 a

Fundamental understanding and controlling of sodium nucleation are essential for enhancing the performance, safety, and longevity of sodium metal batteries, which is not yet clearly understood in the case of sodium metal batteries. The present study showcases how a modification in the host material influences nucleation kinetics. Current-time transient studies on copper, carbon nanofiber, and tin-embedded carbon nanofiber interlayers employing the Scharifker-Hills model elucidate the mode of nucleation. This work tries to delve deep and presents a case study on how a tin-based interlayer can not only minimize the barrier for sodium nucleation but also direct the sequential progressive and instantaneous nucleation of sodium metal while reducing the overpotential substantially, resulting in crystalline, uniform Na-metal deposition. Further, to account for the complex dynamics of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation distinctly associated with alkali metal deposition, the SEI-fracture model has been included, and the quantification of electrochemical nucleation parameters is obtained. The results provide important insights into the sodium nucleation mechanism, paving the way to counter dendrite formation and SEI dissolution issues of the Na-metal anode.

10aoverpotential10aprogressiveand instantaneous nucleation10aScharifker-Hills model10aSEI-fracture model10atin interlayer1 aWasnik, Kundan1 aYadav, Poonam1 aAhuja, Manuj1 aMirzapure, Vinay1 aJohari, Priya1 aShelke, Manjusha, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/investigations-nucleation-dynamics-stable-na-metal-anode-revealing-role-tin-infused-carbon