02714nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260000800235300001400243490000800257520198700265100002902252700001602281700002202297700002402319700001702343700002402360856012402384       2021                        eng d  a0032-088900aDevelopment of aerial and belowground tubers in potato is governed by photoperiod and epigenetic mechanism0 aDevelopment of aerial and belowground tubers in potato is govern  cNOV  a1071-10860 v1873 aPlants exhibit diverse developmental plasticity and modulate growth responses under various environmental conditions. Potato (Solanum tuberosum), a modified stem and an important food crop, serves as a substantial portion of the world's subsistence food supply. In the past two decades, crucial molecular signals have been identified that govern the tuberization (potato development) mechanism. Interestingly, microRNA156 overexpression in potato provided the first evidence for induction of profuse aerial stolons and tubers from axillary meristems under short-day (SD) photoperiod. A similar phenotype was noticed for overexpression of epigenetic modifiers-MUTICOPY SUPRESSOR OF IRA1 (StMSI1) or ENAHNCER OF ZESTE 2 (StE[z]2), and knockdown of B-CELL-SPECIFIC MOLONEY MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS INTEGRATION SITE 1 (StBMI1). This striking phenotype represents a classic example of modulation of plant architecture and developmental plasticity. Differentiation of a stolon to a tuber or a shoot under in vitro or in vivo conditions symbolizes another example of organ-level plasticity and dual fate acquisition in potato. Stolon-to-tuber transition is governed by SD photoperiod, mobile RNAs/proteins, phytohormones, a plethora of small RNAs and their targets. Recent studies show that polycomb group proteins control microRNA156, phytohormone metabolism/transport/signaling and key tuberization genes through histone modifications to govern tuber development. Our comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes between the overexpression lines of StMSI1, StBEL5 (BEL1-LIKE transcription factor [TF]), and POTATO HOMEOBOX 15 TF revealed more than 1,000 common genes, indicative of a mutual gene regulatory network potentially involved in the formation of aerial and belowground tubers. In this review, in addition to key tuberization factors, we highlight the role of photoperiod and epigenetic mechanism that regulates the development of aerial and belowground tubers in potato.1 aKondhare, Kirtikumar, R.1 aKumar, Amit1 aPatil, Nikita, S.1 aMalankar, Nilam, N.1 aSaha, Kishan1 aBanerjee, Anjan, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/development-aerial-and-belowground-tubers-potato-governed-photoperiod-and-epigenetic02830nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000900247300001400256490000800270520212900278100002002407700002502427700001702452700001802469700002002487856012902507       2023                        eng d  a0032-088900a Phased short-interfering RNA siRD29(-) regulates GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE 3 during stolon-to-tuber transitions in potato0 aPhased shortinterfering RNA siRD29 regulates GIBBERELLIN 3OXIDAS  cNOV   a2555-25720 v1933 a<p>Phased short-interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) fine tune various stages of growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuberization is a complex process, wherein a belowground modified stem (stolon) passes through developmental stages like swollen stolon and minituber before it matures to a potato. Previously, we identified several phasiRNA-producing loci (PHAS) from stolon-to-tuber transition stages. However, whether phasiRNAs mediate tuber development remains unknown. Here, we show that a gene encoding NB-ARC DOMAIN-CONTAINING DISEASE RESISTANCE PROTEIN (StRGA4; a PHAS locus) is targeted by Stu-microRNA482c to generate phasiRNAs. Interestingly, we observed that one of the phasiRNAs, referred as short-interfering RNA D29(-), i.e. siRD29(-), targets the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis gene GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE 3 (StGA3ox3). Since regulation of bioactive GA levels in stolons controls tuber development, we hypothesized that a gene regulatory module, Stu-miR482c-StRGA4-siRD29(-)-StGA3ox3, could govern tuber development. Through transient expression assays and small RNA sequencing, generation of siRD29(-) and its phase was confirmed in planta. Notably, the expression of StGA3ox3 was higher in swollen stolon compared to stolon, whereas siRD29(-) showed a negative association with StGA3ox3 expression. Antisense (AS) lines of StGA3ox3 produced more tubers compared to wild type. As expected, StRGA4 overexpression (OE) lines had high levels of siRD29(-) and mimicked the phenotypes of StGA3ox3-AS lines, indicating the functionality of this module in potato. In vitro tuberization assays (with or without a GA inhibitor) using StGA3ox3 antisense lines and overexpression lines of StGA3ox3 or StRGA4 revealed that StGA3ox3 controls the tuber stalk development. Taken together, our findings suggest that a phasiRNA, siRD29(-), mediates the regulation of StGA3ox3 during stolon-to-tuber transitions in potato. A phasiRNA module, Stu-miR482c-StRGA4-siRD29(-), regulates the expression of a gibberellin biosynthesis gene StGA3ox3 during stolon-to-tuber transitions in potato.</p>
1 aMalankar, Nilam1 aKondhare, Kirtikumar1 aSaha, Kishan1 aMantri, Mohit1 aBanerjee, Anjan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phased-short-interfering-rna-sird29-regulates-gibberellin-3-oxidase-3-during-stolon-tuber