01973nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245007500055210006900130260000800199490000700207520144800214100002101662700001301683700002001696856009901716       2021                        eng d  a1664-462X00aEffectors of root-knot nematodes: an arsenal for successful parasitism0 aEffectors of rootknot nematodes an arsenal for successful parasi  cDEC0 v123 aRoot-knot nematodes (RKNs) are notorious plant-parasitic nematodes first recorded in 1855 in cucumber plants. They are microscopic, obligate endoparasites that cause severe losses in agriculture and horticulture. They evade plant immunity, hijack the plant cell cycle, and metabolism to modify healthy cells into giant cells (GCs) – RKN feeding sites. RKNs secrete various effector molecules which suppress the plant defence and tamper with plant cellular and molecular biology. These effectors originate mainly from sub-ventral and dorsal oesophageal glands. Recently, a few non-oesophageal gland secreted effectors have been discovered. Effectors are essential for the entry of RKNs in plants, subsequently formation and maintenance of the GCs during the parasitism. In the past two decades, advanced genomic and post-genomic techniques identified many effectors, out of which only a few are well characterized. In this review, we provide molecular and functional details of RKN effectors secreted during parasitism. We list the known effectors and pinpoint their molecular functions. Moreover, we attempt to provide a comprehensive insight into RKN effectors concerning their implications on overall plant and nematode biology. Since effectors are the primary and prime molecular weapons of RKNs to invade the plant, it is imperative to understand their intriguing and complex functions to design counter-strategies against RKN infection.1 aJagdale, Shounak1 aRao, Uma1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effectors-root-knot-nematodes-arsenal-successful-parasitism02571nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260000800217300000700225490000700232520178400239653001902023653001802042653001602060653001702076653002102093100002102114700002202135700002502157700002202182856012502204       2021                        eng d  a2190-572X00aGlucosinolate induces transcriptomic and metabolic reprogramming in Helicoverpa armigera0 aGlucosinolate induces transcriptomic and metabolic reprogramming  cJAN  a260 v113 a<p>Glucosinolates protect plants from herbivory. Lepidopteran insects have developed resistance to glucosinolates which is well studied. However, the molecular effects of glucosinolate intake on insects are unexplored. To elucidate this, we performed transcriptomics and metabolomics of sinigrin-fed Helicoverpa armigera. Transcriptomics exhibits significant dysregulation of 2375 transcripts, of which 1575 are upregulated and 800 downregulated. Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes reveals that key hydrolases, oxidoreductases, and transferases are majorly affected. The negative impact of sinigrin is significant and localized in the endomembrane system and mitochondria. It also disturbs various biological processes such as regulation of protein metabolism and cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, H. armigera putative myrosinase-like enzymes may catalyze the breakdown of sinigrin to allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). AITC targets the electron transport chain causing oxidative stress. KEGG pathway enrichment shows significant upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Activation of these pathways induces glutathione synthesis for sinigrin detoxification. Differential gene expression indicates upregulation of glutathione S-transferase and succinate dehydrogenase suggesting mitochondrial impact. Transcriptomics data correlated with metabolomics show changes in serine, methionine, ornithine, and other metabolite levels. It corroborates well with the transcript alterations supporting the increased glutathione production. Thus, our data suggest that sinigrin generates oxidative stress in H. armigera and insects alter their metabolic wiring to overcome sinigrin-mediated deleterious effects.</p>
10aDetoxification10aGlucosinolate10aGlutathione10amitochondria10aOxidative stress1 aJagdale, Shounak1 aTellis, Meenakshi1 aBarvkar, Vitthal, T.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/glucosinolate-induces-transcriptomic-and-metabolic-reprogramming-helicoverpa-armigera