02034nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260000800251300001100259490000700270520122500277653001201502653001601514653001901530653002001549653002401569100002501593700003501618700002001653856013101673       2025                        eng d  a2213-292900aUpcycling solid wastes: using abundant egg shell wastes for the greener production of lactic acid under ambient conditions0 aUpcycling solid wastes using abundant egg shell wastes for the g  cAPR  a1156030 v133 a<p>
	In this study, we explore a sustainable approach to repurposing eggshell waste as a catalyst for the conversion of biomass-derived sucrose, sugar syrup, xylan, and cellulose into lactic acid, a chemical in high demand. Currently, lactic acid is industrially produced using lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which require precise pH control and temperature maintenance, complicating their application. Our work demonstrates a one-pot synthesis of lactic acid using calcined eggshells in an aqueous medium via simple thermal treatment. Comprehensive characterization of the eggshell catalyst was carried out using techniques such as XRD, BET, FT-IR, FE-SEM, XPS, and TGA, revealing that calcination above 700 degrees C transformed the eggshell into CaO, drastically altering its morphology and enhancing its basicity. At 200 degrees C, using 70 wt% of catalyst for 1 h, we achieved a remarkable 92 C-mol% lactic acid yield with excellent carbon balance. The increased basicity played a key role in selectively driving lactic acid production. Our approach offers a green, sustainable solution with significant implications for future research in valorizing waste materials and advancing bio-based chemical production.</p>
10aBiomass10aLactic acid10aSustainability10aWaste egg shell10aWaste-to- chemicals1 aSreekantan, Sreejith1 aSudhakaran, Amitha, Kalappurak1 aMarimuthu, Banu  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/upcycling-solid-wastes-using-abundant-egg-shell-wastes-greener-production-lactic-acid-under