02165nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260000800215300001400223490000700237520142800244100002101672700002001693700002301713700002201736700001901758700002101777700003001798856013101828 2019 eng d00aMorphological and molecular characterization of Penicillium rubens sp.nov isolated from poultry feed0 aMorphological and molecular characterization of Penicillium rube cSEP a461–4780 v723 aFungi are the second largest group of eukaryotic organisms, estimates ranging from 2.2 to 3.8 million and 120,000 currently accepted species. Unfortunately, identification of Penicillium species is an overwhelming task even for taxonomic experts. In the current study, we isolated identified and morphologically characterized Penicillium rubens strain NCIM-1397. Molecular characterization of P. rubens by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), NL (D1/D2 region) and LR (large subunit region) gene. Conversely, BenA gene differentiated P. rubens from P. chrysogenum. Moreover, Vitek MS, Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF–MS) failed to discriminate to strain level. Metabolic profiling of P. rubens enable to produce roquefortine C, chrysogine, meleagrine, sorbicillin and non-producers for industrially important metabolite, penicillin determined by LC–MS. Even, In addition, even molecular detection of penicillin biosynthetic pathway genes, PcbC, PenDE and Phl were negative by PCR. Nevertheless, P. rubens showed 90–100% toxicity/pathogenicity on seed germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and no further development of coleoptiles, radicle and leaf length observed. Also, it showed non-toxic to animal cell determined on Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell line by In-Vitro.1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aVankudoth, Ramu1 aNavale, Vishwambar1 aKumavat, Rajkamal1 aKumari, Prabla1 aSanthakumari, B.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/morphological-and-molecular-characterization-penicillium-rubens-spnov-isolated-poultry-feed02147nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260000900272300001600281490000600297520140000303100002101703700002901724700003001753700002601783700002001809856012401829 2020 eng d a2470-134300aProcess development for 6-aminopenicillanic acid production using lentikats-encapsulated escherichia coli cells expressing penicillin V acylase0 aProcess development for 6aminopenicillanic acid production using cNOV  a28972-289760 v53 a

Penicillin V acylase (PVA, EC 3.5.1.11) hydrolyzes the side chain of phenoxymethylpenicillin (Pen V) and finds application in the manufacture of the pharmaceutical intermediate 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA). Here, we report the scale-up of cultivation of Escherichia coli whole cells expressing a highly active PVA from Pectobacterium atrosepticum and their encapsulation in polyvinyl alcohol-poly(ethylene glycol) Lentikats hydrogels. A biocatalytic process for the hydrolysis of 2% (w/v) Pen V was set up in a 2 L reactor using the Lentikats-immobilized whole cells, with a customized setup to enable continuous downstream processing of the reaction products. The biocatalytic reaction afforded complete conversion of Pen V for 10 reaction cycles, with an overall 90% conversion up to 50 cycles. The bioprocess was further scaled up to the pilot-scale at 10 L, enabling complete conversion of Pen V to 6-APA for 10 cycles. The 6-APA and phenoxy acetic acid products were recovered from downstream processing with isolated yields of 85-90 and 87-92%, respectively. Immobilization in Lentikats beads improved the stability of the whole cells on storage, maintaining 90-100% activity and similar conversion efficiency after 3 months at 4 degrees C. The robust PVA biocatalyst can be employed in a continuous process to provide a sustainable route for bulk 6-APA production from Pen V.

1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aSunder, Avinash, Vellore1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao1 aRamasamy, Sureshkumar1 aPundle, Archana uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/process-development-6-aminopenicillanic-acid-production-using-lentikats-encapsulated04532nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260000800210300001400218490000600232520390100238100002304139700003004162700002504192700002004217856012504237 2021 eng d00aAspergillus derived mycotoxins in food and the environment: prevalence, detection, and toxicity0 aAspergillus derived mycotoxins in food and the environment preva cJAN a1008-10300 v83 a

Aspergillus species are the paramount ubiquitous fungi that contaminate various food substrates and produce biochemicals known as mycotoxins. Aflatoxins (AFTs), ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), citrinin (CIT), aflatrem (AT), secalonic acids (SA), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), terrein (TR), sterigmatocystin (ST) and gliotoxin (GT), and other toxins produced by species of Aspergillus plays a major role in food and human health. Mycotoxins exhibited wide range of toxicity to the humans and animal models even at nanomolar (nM) concentration. Consumption of detrimental mycotoxins adulterated foodstuffs affects human and animal health even trace amounts. Bioaerosols consisting of spores and hyphal fragments are active elicitors of bronchial irritation and allergy, and challenging to the public health. Aspergillus is the furthermost predominant environmental contaminant unswervingly defile lives with a 40–90 % mortality risk in patients with conceded immunity. Genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approaches useful for mycotoxins’ detection which are expensive. Antibody based detection of toxins chemotypes may result in cross-reactivity and uncertainty. Aptamers (APT) are single stranded DNA (ssDNA/RNA), are specifically binds to the target molecules can be generated by systematic evolution of ligands through exponential enrichment (SELEX). APT are fast, sensitive, simple, in-expensive, and field-deployable rapid point of care (POC) detection of toxins, and a better alternative to antibodies.

1 aNavale, Vishwambar1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao1 aAjmera, Shanthipriya1 aDhuri, Vaibhavi uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/aspergillus-derived-mycotoxins-food-and-environment-prevalence-detection-and-toxicity02035nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260000800236300000800244490000700252520115000259653002501409653002901434653002701463653003101490653001401521653002801535100002701563700002101590700002101611700003001632856013101662 2022 eng d00aAssembly, annotation, and comparative whole genome sequence of fusarium verticillioides isolated from stored maize grains0 aAssembly annotation and comparative whole genome sequence of fus cJUL a8100 v113 a

Fusarium verticillioides is a plant pathogenic fungus affecting a wide range of crops worldwide due to its toxigenic properties. F. verticillioides BIONCL4 strain was isolated from stored maize grain samples in India, and produces high amount of fumonisin B1 (FB1). We report a comparative genomic analysis of F. verticillioides, covering the basic genome information, secretome, and proteins involved in host-pathogen interactions and mycotoxin biosynthesis. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina platform with an assembly size of 42.91 Mb, GC content of 48.24%, and 98.50% coverage with the reference genome (GCA000149555). It encodes 15,053 proteins, including 2058 secretory proteins, 676 classical secretory proteins, and 569 virulence and pathogenicity-related proteins. There were also 1447 genes linked to carbohydrate active enzymes (CaZymes) and 167 genes related to mycotoxin production. Furthermore, F. verticillioides genome comparison revealed information about the species' evolutionary history. The overall study helps in disease prevention and management of mycotoxins to ensure food safety.

10acomparative genomics10aFusarium verticillioides10amycotoxin biosynthesis10aplant-pathogen interaction10aSecretome10awhole-genome sequencing1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aGowda, Varun, U.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/assembly-annotation-and-comparative-whole-genome-sequence-fusarium-verticillioides-isolated01994nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260000800220300001200228490000700240520121800247653002701465653003901492653002401531653001501555653002801570100002101598700003001619856012701649 2022 eng d a0141-549200aBiosynthetic process and strain improvement approaches for industrial penicillin production0 aBiosynthetic process and strain improvement approaches for indus cFEB a179-1920 v443 a

Penicillins and cephalosporins are the most important class of beta (beta) lactam antibiotics, accounting for 65% total antibiotic market. Penicillins are produced by Penicillium rubens (popularly known as P. chrysogenum) were used to synthesize the active pharmaceutical intermediate (API), 6-aminopenicillinic acid (6-APA) employed in semisynthetic antibiotic production. The wild strains produce a negligible amount of penicillin (Pen). High antibiotic titre-producing P. chrysogenum strains are necessitating for industrial Pen production to meet global demand at lower prices. Classical strain improvement (CSI) approaches such as random mutagenesis, medium engineering, and fermentation are the cornerstones for high-titer Pen production. Since, Sir Alexander Fleming Discovery of Pen, great efforts are expanded to develop at a commercial scale antibiotics producing strains. Breakthroughs in genetic engineering, heterologous expression and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools opened a new window for Pen production at a commercial scale to assure health crisis. The current state of knowledge, limitations of CSI and genetic engineering approaches to Pen production are discussed in this review.

10abeta-lactam antibiotic10aClassical strain improvement (CSI)10aGenetic engineering10aPenicillin10aPenicillium chrysogenum1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biosynthetic-process-and-strain-improvement-approaches-industrial-penicillin-production02386nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260000800217300001400225490000700239520160200246653002401848653002901872653002501901653004101926653002301967100002301990700003002013856012502043 2022 eng d a0022-115500aMaltooligosaccharide forming amylases and their applications in food and pharma industry0 aMaltooligosaccharide forming amylases and their applications in  cOCT a3733-37440 v593 a

Oligosaccharides are low molecular weight carbohydrates with a wide range of health benefits due to their excellent bio-preservative and prebiotic properties. The popularity of functional oligosaccharides among modern consumers has resulted in impressive market demand. Organoleptic and prebiotic properties of starch-derived oligosaccharides are advantageous to food quality and health. The extensive health benefits of oligosaccharides offered their applications in the food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic industry. Maltooligosaccharides and isomaltooligosaccharides comprise 2-10 glucose units linked by alpha-1-4 and alpha-1-6 glycoside bonds, respectively. Conventional biocatalyst-based oligosaccharides processes are often multi-steps, consisting of starch gelatinization, hydrolysis and transglycosylation. With higher production costs and processing times, the current demand cannot meet on a large-scale production. As a result, innovative and efficient production technology for oligosaccharides synthesis holds paramount importance. Malto-oligosaccharide forming amylase (EC 3.2.1.133) is one of the key enzymes with a dual catalytic function used to produce oligosaccharides. Interestingly, Malto-oligosaccharide forming amylase catalyzes glycosidic bond for its transglycosylation to its inheritance hydrolysis and alternative biocatalyst to the multistep technology. Genetic engineering and reaction optimization enhances the production of oligosaccharides. The development of innovative and cost-effective technologies at competitive prices becomes a national priority.

10aGlycosyl hydrolases10aIsomaltooligosaccharides10aMaltooligosaccharide10aMaltooligosaccharide forming amylase10aTransglycosylation1 aShinde, Vidhya, K.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/maltooligosaccharide-forming-amylases-and-their-applications-food-and-pharma-industry02395nas a2200205 4500008004100000020001400041245019500055210006900250260000800319520162100327100002101948700001901969700002301988700003002011700002302041700002802064700002302092700002702115856004702142 2022 eng d a2522-574X00aOne-pot concurrent biosynthesis of biphasic CuxO (cuprous and cupric oxide) nanoparticles using leaf extract of Eichhornia crassipes and investigation of their potent healthcare applications0 aOnepot concurrent biosynthesis of biphasic CuxO cuprous and cupr cFEB3 aEichhornia crassipes, an aquatic weed, has been used for the one-pot quick synthesis of cuprous and cupric oxide nanoparticles in this report. The identification and validation of the formed nanoparticles were successfully done by sophisticated characterization techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Their biomedical interventions were assessed by their antioxidant and anticancer activities. The synthesized nanoparticles have a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 10 nm. Antioxidant assay performed showed an increasing trend in a dose-dependent manner with the percentage radical scavenging activity up to 94.70% at a much higher concentration of 1000 µg/ml. The antioxidant potential at such higher concentration is suspected to invoke a change in the cytotoxic potential of the nanoparticles which is then verified by the MTT assay. A significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa (cervical cancer) and HCT 116 (colorectal carcinoma) cell lines was detected with noted IC50 values of 17.17 and 13.70 µg/ml respectively. The conclusive findings obtained are enough to substantiate the use of these nanoparticles in biomedical areas specifically in anticancer treatment due to their high toxicities. The hazards imposed by Eichhornia crassipes can be alleviated by using them as biofactories for the synthesis of a variety of nanomaterials. This helps in curbing the water pollution issues as well as the developing synthesis protocols for robust and stable nanoparticles.1 aMoudgil, Aliesha1 aVarma, Sanjana1 aShinde, Manish, D.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao1 aSarkar, Dhiman, M.1 aShende, Rajnigandha, A.1 aAmalnerkar, Dinesh1 aChaudhari, Bhushan, P. uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-022-00347-103136nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260000800206300001400214490000700228520248000235100001902715700002202734700001802756700003002774700002502804856012502829 2022 eng d00aPectinase production by aspergillus niger and its applications in fruit juice clarification0 aPectinase production by aspergillus niger and its applications i cNOV a2724-27370 v163 a

Pectinases (EC 3.2.1.15) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the depolymerization or de-esterification reactions that degrade pectic substances. In the present study, we have isolated the Aspergillus niger strain from soil samples, in India and evaluated pectinase production. The highest pectinase producing A. niger strain was further evaluated and optimized with various agricultural wastes. Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and Central composite design ‘(CCD)’ were used to determine the best parameters for maximum pectinase production. Pectinase activity was increased to 99.21 U/ml after optimizing the production medium using PBD and CCD statistical analysis. A positive correlation of pectinase activity between predicted (112.65 U/ml) and experimental (99.21 U/ml with SD=0.005) optimum was observed. Maximum pectinase was produced by A. niger under submerged fermentation, utilizing orange peel, which is a cost-effective, adaptable, and environmentally friendly approach. The partially purified pectinase showed significant application for apple juice clarification and showed the ability to degrade pectin and therefore the colour change was observed in apple juice within 120 min. Maximum pectinase was produced by A. niger using agricultural waste orange peel under submerged fermentation which is an economical, versatile and eco-friendly process and pectinase showed a significant application for apple juice clarification.

1 aWagh, Vrushali1 aPatel, Hirvitaben1 aPatel, Nafisa1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao1 aAjmera, Shanthipriya uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/pectinase-production-aspergillus-niger-and-its-applications-fruit-juice-clarification02377nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260000800239300001400247490000700261520161400268653001601882653002101898653002501919653001501944653001401959100002701973700003002000856012902030 2022 eng d a0141-549200aToxicity and preventive approaches of Fusarium derived mycotoxins using lactic acid bacteria: state of the art0 aToxicity and preventive approaches of Fusarium derived mycotoxin cOCT a1111-11260 v443 a

Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a serious food safety issue and causes acute and chronic diseases in humans and livestock. Climatic and agronomic changes helps in the proliferation of fungal growth and mycotoxin production in food commodities. Mycotoxin contamination has attracted global attention due to its wide range of toxicity to humans and animals. However, physical and chemical management approaches in practice are unsafe for well-being due to their health-hazardous nature. Various antibiotics and preservatives are in use to reduce the microbial load and improve the shelf life of food products. In addition, the use of antibiotic growth promotors in livestock production may increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance, which is a global health concern. Due to their many uses, probiotics are helpful microbes that have a significant impact on food and nutrition. Furthermore, the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is employed in various food and feed preparations to neutralize mycotoxins, antimicrobial activities, balance the gut microbiome, and various immunomodulatory activities in both humans and livestock. In addition, LAB produces various antimicrobials, flavouring agents, peptides, and proteins linked to various food and health care applications. The LAB-based processes for mycotoxin management are more effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost than physical and chemical approaches. The toxicity, novel preventive measures, binding nature, and molecular mechanisms of mycotoxins' detoxification using LAB have been highlighted in this review.

10aFood safety10aFusarium species10aLactic acid bacteria10amanagement10aMycotoxin1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/toxicity-and-preventive-approaches-fusarium-derived-mycotoxins-using-lactic-acid-bacteria02873nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260000800257300001200265490000700277520189600284653003802180653002302218653001702241653002302258653002702281100002102308700001902329700001702348700002502365700001802390700002702408700003002435856013002465 2023 eng d a1139-670900aBiosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Penicillium rubens and catalytic detoxification of ochratoxin A and organic dye pollutants0 aBiosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Penicillium rubens and cat cNOV a765-7800 v263 a

The environmental pollution caused by chemical dyes is a growing concern nowadays. Limitations of traditional methods opened the route for nanotechnology; owing to the versatile properties of nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) became a potential strategy for different applications. In the present study, biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (BioAuNPs) was carried out by reacting chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with cell-free filtrate of Penicillium rubens sp. nov. NCIM 1937. The AuNPs were then characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, HR-TEM, FTIR, and DLS analysis to further examine their efficacious biosynthesis and morphological properties including size, shape, and stability. The biogenic AuNPs are polydisperse in nature, with a mean size of 14.92 +/- 5 nm. These AuNPs exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli NCIM-2065, Bacillus subtilis NCIM-2010, and Penicillium verrucosum MTCC 4935. In vitro quantitative HPLC results revealed that BioAuNPs significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of ochratoxin A (OTA). Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are intriguing for power generation and wastewater treatment since they can directly transform chemical energy stored in organic matter to electricity by extracellular electron transfer (EET) via membrane proteins. AuNPs also showed excellent potential for dye degradation of organic pollutants, viz., methylene blue (MB), phenol red (PR), bromothymol blue (BTB), Congo red (CR), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). All dye removal efficiencies were estimated and fitted to pseudo-first-order processes using kinetic rate constants (Ka).The present study reveals a simple, original, and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of multifunctional biogenic AuNPs that could be effective in OTA detoxification in food products and organic pollutant removal during wastewater treatment for a sustainable environment.

10aCatalytic organic dye degradation10agold nanoparticles10aOchratoxin A10aPenicillium rubens10aPenicillium verrucosum1 aBhandari, Yogesh1 aVarma, Sanjana1 aSawant, Amol1 aBeemagani, Sreelatha1 aJaiswal, Neha1 aChaudhari, Bhushan, P.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biosynthesis-gold-nanoparticles-penicillium-rubens-and-catalytic-detoxification-ochratoxin02468nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260000800220300001400228490000700242520169800249653001401947653001601961653002901977653001402006653001802020100002702038700002102065700003002086856012202116 2023 eng d a1415-475700aGenetic diversity of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides associated with maize grains, India0 aGenetic diversity of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides associat cMAY ae202200730 v463 a

In the present investigation, prevalence, genetic diversity, and mycotoxin producing potential of Fusarium species associated with maize grain samples were studied from different geographical regions of India. The highest prevalence of Fusarium verticillioides was recorded as 88.52%, followed by F. coffeatum, F. foetens, and F. euwallaceae, 6.55%, 3.27%, and 1.63%, respectively. We isolated 54 strains of F. verticillioides, and their genetic diversity was studied by inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). The ISSR fingerprints (AG) 8C and (AG) 8G showed 252 and 368 microsatellite sites in the genome of F. verticillioides and resulted in 99-100% repeatability and reproducibility. The Simpson (SID) and Shannon (H) indices (0.78 and 2.36) suggest that F. verticillioides strains exhibit moderate to high diversity. Molecular detection of fumonisin B1 (FB1) biosynthetic genes (FUM1 and FUM13) involved in FB1 production in F. verticillioides was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, 91% of the strains were positive for FB1 production, which was affirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). In-vitro appurtenance of F. verticillioides spores exhibited a high to moderate effect on the growth and development of the maize. The current finding demonstrated that most F. verticillioides strains showed a wide range of genetic diversity with varied toxigenic and pathogenic potentials. In conclusion, for the first time, F. coffeatum, F. foetens, and F. euwallaceae species were reported from maize grain samples in India. They were positive for FB1 and negatively affecting grain quality, which is a major concern in food safety.

10adiversity10aFood safety10aFusarium verticillioides10aMycotoxin10apathogenicity1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genetic-diversity-toxigenic-fusarium-verticillioides-associated-maize-grains-india02851nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260000800245300000900253490000700262520199000269653002202259653004302281653003902324653003502363653002902398100002102427700002702448700003002475856012802505 2023 eng d00aIsolation and molecular characterization of indigenous penicillium chrysogenum/rubens strain portfolio for penicillin V production0 aIsolation and molecular characterization of indigenous penicilli cAPR a11320 v113 a

Beta (beta)-lactam antibiotic is an industrially important molecule produced by Penicillium chrysogenum/rubens. Penicillin is a building block for 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), an important active pharmaceutical intermediate (API) used for semi-synthetic antibiotics biosynthesis. In this investigation, we isolated and identified Penicillium chrysogenum, P. rubens, P. brocae, P. citrinum, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. sydowii, Talaromyces tratensis, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, P. oxalicum, and P. dipodomyicola using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the beta-tubulin (BenA) gene for precise species identification from Indian origin. Furthermore, the BenA gene distinguished between complex species of P. chrysogenum and P. rubens to a certain extent which partially failed by the ITS region. In addition, these species were distinguished by metabolic markers profiled by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Secalonic acid, Meleagrin, and Roquefortine C were absent in P. rubens. The crude extract evaluated for PenV production by antibacterial activities by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus NCIM-2079. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous detection of 6-APA, phenoxymethyl penicillin (PenV), and phenoxyacetic acid (POA). The pivotal objective was the development of an indigenous strain portfolio for PenV production. Here, a library of 80 strains of P. chrysogenum/rubens was screened for PenV production. Results showed 28 strains capable of producing PenV in a range from 10 to 120 mg/L when 80 strains were screened for its production. In addition, fermentation parameters, precursor concentration, incubation period, inoculum size, pH, and temperature were monitored for the improved PenV production using promising P. rubens strain BIONCL P45. In conclusion, P. chrysogenum/rubens strains can be explored for the industrial-scale PenV production.

10abeta-tubulin gene10ahigh-performance liquid chromatography10ainternal transcribed spacer region10aPenicillium chrysogenum/rubens10aphenoxymethyl penicillin1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/isolation-and-molecular-characterization-indigenous-penicillium-chrysogenumrubens-strain01757nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260000800240300001600248490000600264520104300270100002701313700002601340700002601366700003001392700002201422856011901444 2023 eng d a2470-134300aMetabolites from lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis: isolation, structure elucidation, and antimicrobial activity0 aMetabolites from lactococcus lactis subsp lactis isolation struc cSEP a36628-366350 v83 a

Herein, we disclose the identification of novel metabolites from a potential probiotic strain, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, obtained from traditional dairy milk samples collected in Maharashtra, India (in January 2021). Isolated metabolites include pyrazin-2-carboxamide [1, pyrazinamide, a potential antitubercular drug], 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one (2, DDMP), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (3), and hexadecanoic acid (4, palmitic acid). The chemical structures of these metabolites were elucidated through extensive 1D NMR (H-1 and C-13) and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) analyses, high-resolution mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, these novel metabolites exhibited potent inhibitory activities against various bacteria, fungi, and yeast strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 1.56 and 25 mu g/mL, and compounds 1 and 3 were found to be most active against a wide range of microbial strains tested.

1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aBorade, Balasaheb, R.1 aKrishna, Gamidi, Rama1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao1 aKontham, Ravindar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metabolites-lactococcus-lactis-subsp-lactis-isolation-structure-elucidation-and02240nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260000800283300001400291490000700305520147500312100001601787700001801803700001901821700001901840700003001859700002601889856011901915 2023 eng d a1477-052000aTotal synthesis, structure elucidation and expanded bioactivity of icosalide A: effect of lipophilicity and ester to amide substitution on its bioactivity0 aTotal synthesis structure elucidation and expanded bioactivity o cJUL a5725-57310 v213 a

The first total synthesis of icosalide A, an antibacterial depsipeptide that is unique in that it contains two lipophilic beta-hydroxy acids, has been achieved by following Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis in combination with solution-phase synthesis. The ambiguity in the absolute stereochemistry of icosalide A has been resolved by synthesizing the reported structures and other relevant diastereomers of icosalides and comparing their NMR data. NMR-based structure elucidation of icosalide A revealed a well-folded structure with cross-strand hydrogen bonds similar to the anti-parallel beta-sheet conformation in peptides and displayed a synergistic juxtaposition of the aliphatic sidechains. 12 analogues of icosalide A were synthesized by varying the constituent lipophilic beta-hydroxy acid residues, and their biological activities against Bacillus thuringiensis and Paenibacillus dendritiformis were explored. Most of these icosalide analogues showed an MIC of 12.5 & mu;g mL(-1) against both bacteria. Swarming inhibition by icosalides was least in B. thuringiensis (8.3%) compared to that in P. dendritiformis (33%). Furthermore, this is the first report of icosalides showing assured inhibitory action (MIC between 2 and 10 & mu;g mL(-1)) against the active stage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cancer cell lines such as HeLa and ThP1. This study could help optimize icosalides for anti-TB, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities.

1 aDangi, Abha1 aPande, Bharat1 aAgrawal, Sonia1 aSarkar, Dhiman1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao1 aMarelli, Udaya, Kiran uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/total-synthesis-structure-elucidation-and-expanded-bioactivity-icosalide-effect03345nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260000800262520238100270653003102651653002102682653003102703653002302734653001902757653003702776100002702813700002302840700002102863700001902884700002802903700003002931856013002961 2024 eng d a1867-130600aDietary supplementation of lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BIONCL17752 on growth performance, and gut microbiota of broiler chickens0 aDietary supplementation of lactococcus lactis subsp lactis BIONC cJUN3 a

The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, being triggered by the overuse or misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming sector. We evaluated Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BIONCL17752 strain, and characterized its probiotic potential to endure hostile gastrointestinal conditions. Genome sequencing analysis revealed probiotics traits, and gene clusters involved in bacteriocins, lactococcin A, and sactipeptides production. The absence of genes for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and biogenic amine production indicates the potential of probiotic strain. The BIONCL17752 strain was explored for antibiotic-free feed supplement for growth promotor in broiler chicken. The feed supplemented with 4 x 109 CFU/kg of probiotic strain, in combination with various concentrations of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 kg/tonne in starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively. A significant improvement of body weight 152 to 171 g/bird (p < 0.05), and a low feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.62, was achieved without using synthetic antibiotics for growth promotion. The results of biochemical, hematological, and histological examinations showed normal features, indicating that the treatment had no harmful effects on the bird's health. Reduced levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum are an indication of the health benefits for the treated birds. Microbial community analysis of fecal samples of poultry birds exhibited a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Probiotic treatment resulted in reduced Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) in the broiler's gut which highlights the benefits of probiotic dietary supplements. Importantly, the probiotic-fed group exhibited a high abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) such as glycoside hydrolases (GH), glycoside transferases (GT), and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) hydrolases which are essential for the degradation of complex sugar molecules. The probiotic potential of the BIONCL17752 strain contributes to broilers' health by positively affecting intestinal microbiota, achieving optimal growth, and lowering mortality, demonstrating the economic benefits of probiotic treatment in organic poultry farming.

10aAntibiotic growth promotor10aBroiler chickens10aFunctional genome analysis10aGrowth performance10aGut microbiota10aLactococcus lactis subsp. lactis1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aKhilari, Ajinkya1 aDharne, Mahesh1 aShanmugam, Dhanasekaran1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dietary-supplementation-lactococcus-lactis-subsp-lactis-bioncl17752-growth-performance-and03188nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260000800242300001400250490000700264520231600271653002502587653002102612653002802633653002302661653002602684653002802710100002102738700002702759700003002786856013002816 2024 eng d a1139-670900aGenome sequencing and analysis of penicillin V producing Penicillium rubens strain BIONCL P45 isolated from India0 aGenome sequencing and analysis of penicillin V producing Penicil cOCT a1473-14840 v273 a

Background A filamentous fungus Penicillium rubens is widely recognized for producing industrially important antibiotic, penicillin at industrial scale. Objective To better comprehend, the genetic blueprint of the wild-type P. rubens was isolated from India to identify the genetic/biosynthetic pathways for phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V, PenV) and other secondary metabolites. Method Genomic DNA (gDNA) was isolated, and library was prepared as per Illumina platform. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed according to Illumina NovoSeq platform. Further, SOAPdenovo was used to assemble the short reads validated by Bowtie-2 and SAMtools packages. Glimmer and GeneMark were used to dig out total genes in genome. Functional annotation of predicted proteins was performed by NCBI non-redundant (NR), UniProt, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. Moreover, secretome analysis was performed by SignalP 4.1 and TargetP v1.1 and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and protease families by CAZy database. Comparative genome analysis was performed by Mauve 2.4.0. software to find genomic correlation between P. rubens BIONCL P45 and Penicillium chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255; also phylogeny was prepared with known penicillin producing strains by ParSNP tool. Results Penicillium rubens BIONCL P45 strain was isolated from India and is producing excess PenV. The 31.09 Mb genome was assembled with 95.6% coverage of the reference genome P. chrysogenum Wis 54-1255 with 10687 protein coding genes, 3502 genes had homologs in NR, UniProt, KEGG, and GO databases. Additionally, 358 CAZymes and 911 transporter coding genes were found in genome. Genome contains complete pathways for penicillin, homogentisate pathway of phenyl acetic acid (PAA) catabolism, Andrastin A, Sorbicillin, Roquefortine C, and Meleagrin. Comparative genome analysis of BIONCL P45 and Wis 54-1255 revealed 99.89% coverage with 2952 common KEGG orthologous protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BIONCL P45 was clustered with Fleming's original isolate P. rubens IMI 15378. Conclusion This genome can be a helpful resource for further research in developing fermentation processes and strain engineering approaches for high titer penicillin production.

10acomparative genomics10aIllumina NovoSeq10aPenicillin biosynthesis10aPenicillium rubens10aSecondary metabolites10awhole genome sequencing1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genome-sequencing-and-analysis-penicillin-v-producing-penicillium-rubens-strain-bioncl-p4502633nas a2200217 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200260000800269300001500277490000600292520177700298653002302075653003902098653002302137653001702160653002302177653003302200100002902233700003002262856012302292 2025 eng d00aComprehensive investigation on statistical approaches and classical strain improvement for penicillin V production by Penicillium rubens BIONCL P45 strain0 aComprehensive investigation on statistical approaches and classi cJAN a1302 -13270 v53 a

Media engineering and strain improvement are critical aspects of microbial biotechnology playing a vital role in enhancing microbial productivity, and ensuring cost-effective bioprocessing. In this investigation, we optimized the various medium components, nutritional condition, and fermentation parameters for the industrial production of phenoxymethylpenicillin or penicillin V (PenV). We have isolated, characterized Penicillium rubens BIONCL P45 strain which initially produced 100 mg/L of PenV. Further, optimization using production medium 4 (PM4) comprising lactose, corn steep solids, sodium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and phenoxy acetic acid lead to a significant increase in production, reaching 430 mg/L. Further improvements through response surface methodology (RSM) predicted a production of 646 mg/L, which was experimentally validated at 685 mg/L. Subsequently, mutagenesis studies using UV (ultraviolet) exposure resulted in the UV-65 mutant, which demonstrated a superior performance, achieving 934 mg/L, surpassing the parental strain. ​These combined strategies lead to a tenfold increase in PenV titer, highlighting their effectiveness in bioprocess development and industrial-scale antibiotic production.

10aBox-Behnken design10aClassical strain improvement (CSI)10aMedia optimization10aPenicillin V10aPenicillium rubens10aResponse surface methodology1 aSawant, Amol, Muralidhar1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comprehensive-investigation-statistical-approaches-and-classical-strain-improvement14982nas a2200145 45000080041000002450131000412100069001722600008002413000011002494900006002605201438100266100003314647700003014680856012614710 2025 eng d00aDevelopment of multiplex PCR assay for detection of mycotoxigenic Fusarium species contamination in stored maize grains, India0 aDevelopment of multiplex PCR assay for detection of mycotoxigeni cMAR a1002400 v63 a

This investigation aimed to improve the detection of key mycotoxigenic Fusarium species to address agricultural biosecurity and food safety threats in stored maize grains in India. We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay for the selective detection of Fusarium species producing mycotoxinfumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) using their biosynthetic pathway genes viz., FUM1, FUM13, PKS4, PKS13 and TRI13, TRI7, respectively. The mPCR assay demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 1 × 103 and 1 × 102 spores/g maize grain in both naturally contaminated and Fusarium spores spiked samples, respectively. Maize grain samples were also evaluated for the assessment of mycotoxigenic Fusarium species contamination by mPCR which resulted in A total of 53 maize grain samples (75 %) positive for mycotoxin chemotypes upon mPCR analysis. Among these, 40 sample tested positive for FB1, 39 for ZEA and 25 for DON. The levels of contamination ranged from 4 to 6456 µg/kg for FB1, 30–2192 µg/kg for ZEA and 5–1713 µg/kg for DON as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the developed mPCR results exhibited a significant correlation (>95 %) with HPLC data confirming this assays reliability. This finding infers developed mPCR assay is an expeditious, cost-effective, sensitive and selective tool for detecting toxigenic Fusarium species. This method can play a crucial role in assessing food safety and public health, particularly in regions where maize contamination by mycotoxins is a significant concern.

1 aNavale, Vishwambar, Digambar1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/development-multiplex-pcr-assay-detection-mycotoxigenic-fusarium-species-contamination02786nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260000900219300001600228490000700244520199000251100001602241700001802257700001802275700002102293700001902314700002302333700001902356700002202375700003002397856011702427 2025 eng d a2470-134300aDevelopment of novel ssDNA aptamers for detection of receptor-binding domain of SARS-COV-20 aDevelopment of novel ssDNA aptamers for detection of receptorbin cJUN  a23981-239920 v103 a

The highly virulent and transmissible SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19 and poses a global public health threat. Herein cloned, expressed, and the molecular weight of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 gene encoding protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. The pivotal aim is to develop single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers for the rapid detection of SARS-COV-2 infections in humans. In this investigation, a library of nine novel ssDNA aptamers was developed by several rounds of systematic evolution of ligands by an exponential enrichment approach and assessed by an enzyme-linked aptamer assay for binding affinity against RBD antigen (Ag). An in vitro assay resulted in a varied colorimetric signal that depends on the nature of aptamer. Quantitative determination of AptRBD3, AptRBD6, and AptRBD8 aptamers exhibited excellent binding affinity against Ag in the range of 5-10 ng/mL. The putative AptRBD3, AptRBD6, and AptRBD8 aptamers were converted into peptide sequences and docked against RBD, exhibiting good binding energy of -6.8, -6.3, and -7.1 kcal/mol respectively, which were recorded. Furthermore, docking studies of ssDNA aptamers were performed using HDOCK web server to ascertain the binding mechanism and docking score perceived as -389.74, -404.28, and -390.37. Despite this, we engineered a high-affinity AptRBD3.3 aptamer that formed a single and bulged loop, which improved binding affinity, resulted in a docking score of -361.56, and exhibited sensitivity at 4 ng of Ag of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, computational modeling of AptRBD3.3 revealed an intriguing significant binding affinity with the RBD mutant SARS-CoV-2 S-UK variant (PDB ID: 7EDG) with a docking score of -350.21. In conclusion, the AptRBD3.3 aptamer can be used for the development of lateral flow device and electrochemical sensors for rapid, low-cost, and accurate detection of COVID-19 infection in humans for point of care diagnostics.

1 aAuti, Amogh1 aYadav, Pranay1 aBodkhe, Rahul1 aBhandari, Yogesh1 aVarma, Sanjana1 aChaudhari, Bhushan1 aRahi, Shraddha1 aGhormade, Vandana1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/development-novel-ssdna-aptamers-detection-receptor-binding-domain-sars-cov-202994nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245017000055210006900225260000800294300001100302490000800313520193900321653001802260653001602278653001502294653001602309653001802325653002402343100002302367700001902390700002502409700002202434700003002456700002102486700002702507700002702534856013102561 2025 eng d a0882-401000aAn integrated paradigm to understand the antibacterial and antifungal potential of bimetallic core-shell platinum silver (Pt@Ag) nanoparticles: A one health approach0 aintegrated paradigm to understand the antibacterial and antifung cDEC a1081200 v2093 a

The concurrent occurrence of various microbial infections escalates the need to develop new treatments that can tackle multiple microbes and improve clinical outcomes. This study reports the synthesis and comprehensive evaluation of core-shell platinum-silver nanoparticles (Pt@AgNPs) designed to elucidate the antimicrobial effects while ensuring biocompatibility. The synthesis protocol was meticulously optimized to investigate the impact of precursor concentrations and reagent conditions. High-end characterization confirmed the formation of a welldefined core-shell structure with spherical morphology, crystalline nature, a face-centred cubic (FCC) lattice, high monodispersity, and stability, with a mean size of 20.344 +/- 4.492 nm. The antimicrobial potential of Pt@AgNPs was validated through a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, revealing potent activity with MIC values of 15.6 mu g/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and 3.9 mu g/mL for Escherichia coli. Antibiofilm assay demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa at concentrations as low as 3.9 mu g/ml. The nanoparticles also exhibited notable antifungal activity, as indicated by an inhibition of 65.19 % for Aspergillus niger and 61.82 % for Fusarium verticillioides. Furthermore, hemocompatibility was noticed with the hemolysis assay, and the antioxidant properties of nanoparticles, assessed through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, underscored their potential to mitigate oxidative stress. This integrative study positions Pt@AgNPs as a promising platform for combating the occurrence of co-infections. The core-shell nanoparticle serves as a versatile tool in antimicrobial defence, exhibiting antibacterial, antifungal, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activity. Thus, it highlights their commercial translational potential as a next-generation antimicrobial intervention.

10aAntibacterial10aantibiofilm10aantifungal10aAntioxidant10aCo-infections10aPt@Ag nanoparticles1 aBamb, Aagam, Lalit1 aVarma, Sanjana1 aGade, Tejas, Subhash1 aPalaskar, Shahaji1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao1 aVyawahare, Niraj1 aChaudhari, Pallavi, M.1 aChaudhari, Bhushan, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/integrated-paradigm-understand-antibacterial-and-antifungal-potential-bimetallic-core-shell03051nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178260000800247300000900255490000700264520225300271100001902524700002302543700002202566700002302588700001902611700001802630700003002648700002702678856012802705 2025 eng d00aUnderstanding the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of bioinspired platinum nanoparticles synthesized using ocimum tenuiflorum0 aUnderstanding the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of bio cJAN a17890 v153 a

The emergence of infectious diseases has highlighted the need for novel and effective antimicrobial agents. Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) could act as a potent antimicrobial agent due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the chemical or physical synthesis methods of PtNPs have drawbacks, like irregular shape and use of toxic chemicals. These drawbacks can be effectively overcome by using the biological method synthesis. Thus, this study presents the green synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) using Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf extract as a bio-reductant. The study also comprehensively encompasses the role of multiple process parameters for the green synthesis of PtNPs. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed spherical PtNPs with an average size of 2.36 ± 0.5 nm that exhibits excellent stability (zeta potential, −45.67 ± 2.57 mV). Phytochemical analysis of aqueous O. tenuiflorum leaf extract was performed to assess the bioactive compounds like saponins, phenols, and tannins, reducing sugars and flavonoids. The PtNPs demonstrated significant antioxidant activity of 86.9 ± 0.12% at 10 µg/mL. Further, the biosynthesized PtNPs showed efficient antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 µg/mL against Escherichia coli and 1.5 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of eco-friendly PtNPs for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.

1 aVarma, Sanjana1 aBamb, Aagam, Lalit1 aTambe, Sayali, A.1 aBurade, Dimpal, K.1 aJagdale, Swati1 aPande, Bharat1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao1 aChaudhari, Bhushan, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/understanding-antimicrobial-and-antioxidant-potential-bioinspired-platinum-nanoparticles02728nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260000800262300001100270490000800281520187500289653002802164653001602192653001802208653002902226653001102255653003002266653001002296100002702306700003002333856012302363 2025 eng d a0956-713500aUnlocking the potential of lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BIONCL17752 strain on fumonisin B1 production by fusarium verticillioides0 aUnlocking the potential of lactococcus lactis subsp lactis BIONC cFEB a1109100 v1683 a

Mycotoxins are the potent toxic chemical agent's linked to food safety, pose a serious risk to human and animal health globally. The management of toxigenic fungi is a challenging task in food and feed industries. The present investigation aimed to use probiotic potentials of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and fermented cell-free broth as antifungal agents and neutralization of carcinogenic mycotoxin, fumonisin B1 (FB1) in food and feed considered as ``turned waste into treasure''. We strived to investigate the probiotic potential of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BIONCL17752 strain on prevention of growth and neutralization of FB1 produced by Fusarium verticillioides BIONCL4 strain to emulate as as a food grade bio-preservative. The BIONCL17752 strain exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against BIONCL4 strain. It was cultivated in MRS medium, and obtained cells pellet (CP) and cell-free supernatant (CFS) was lyophilized, and used for their antifungal activity against BIONCL4 strain. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) determined as 12.5 mu g/mL. Nevertheless, CFS assessed for neutralization of FB1 production which exhibited complete inhibition and downregulation of FB1 encoding FUM1 gene expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Furthermore, CFS induced transcriptomic studies against BIONCL4 strain endorsed a significant downregulation of virulence, FB1, fusaric acid, fusarin, and chitin biosynthetic pathway genes. The CFS and cells reticent spore germination and FB1 production in the range of 40-61% and 74-85%, respectively under stored maize for 60 days. The current findings suggest BIONCL17752 strain apprehend the fungal growth and inhibit the FB1, and other toxigenic molecules biosynthesis, and can be employed as food grade preservative in the food industries to ensure the food safety and human health.

10aFood grade preservative10aFood safety10aFumonisin B-110aFusarium verticillioides10alactis10aLactococcus lactis subsp.10aMaize1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/unlocking-potential-lactococcus-lactis-subsp-lactis-bioncl17752-strain-fumonisin-b1