00496nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119260003000188490000900218100002200227700002000249856010500269 2020 eng d00aAdvanced heterogeneous catalysts volume 1: applications at the nano-scale0 aAdvanced heterogeneous catalysts volume 1 applications at the na bAmerican Chemical Society0 v13591 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aSingh, Lakhveer uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/advanced-heterogeneous-catalysts-volume-1-applications-nano-scale00510nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260003000195490000900225100002200234700002000256856011200276 2020 eng d00aAdvanced heterogeneous catalysts volume 2: applications at the single-atom scale0 aAdvanced heterogeneous catalysts volume 2 applications at the si bAmerican Chemical Society0 v13601 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aSingh, Lakhveer uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/advanced-heterogeneous-catalysts-volume-2-applications-single-atom-scale03339nas a2200205 4500008004100000245006000041210005900101260000900160300001100169490000900180520269400189100001802883700002702901700002702928700003002955700002102985700001703006700002203023856008803045 2020 eng d00aAdvances in single-atom catalysts for lignin conversion0 aAdvances in singleatom catalysts for lignin conversion bACS  a93-1250 v13603 a

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have drawn significant attention as promising surfaces for promoting observable reaction processes. As a guideline, SACs should have the proper nanoscale dimensionality to influence their effective and efficient performance, especially during lignin conversion to platform chemicals and other useful products. The development of SACs for functional applications still has many difficulties, such as harnessing and improving low-coordinated metal atoms to have controlled and observable activities per metal atom. Consequently, the need arises to ensure a decrease in the size of the metal particles and their uniform dispersion or coordination on a suitable support material. This has been an industrial target for a long time in the field of catalysis. Supported metal-based catalysts are not dimensionally uniform, thereby reducing their metal-atom efficiency and frequently leading to undesired side reactions that are sometimes difficult to observe. This makes the identification of the active sites responsible for the reaction of interest very difficult or even impossible. To ameliorate this challenge, the ultimate small-size limit for a metal particle is the SAC, which contains isolated metal atoms singly dispersed on any suitable support materials. It is expected that SACs should maximize the metal-atom efficiency with respect to the application, which is particularly significant for supported metal catalysts. Moreover, through uniform single-atom dispersion, SACs offer a great opportunity for achieving high activity and tuning selectivity to the desired product. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using SACs for the conversion of lignin or lignin model compounds. The different support materials used for SACs, such as zeolites, metal oxides, and carbonaceous and siliceous materials, are discussed. This contribution also covers the catalytic reactions of lignin with an emphasis on cleaving its specific linkages, along with a systematic evaluation of SACs used in the relevant processes. The chapter also addressed key parameters essential for tailoring the particle size and acid–base and redox properties of the SACs used in lignin conversion. Special attention is paid to understanding the role of synthesis conditions in tailoring the size of SACs. It is expected that this contribution will provide future directions for practical SAC development and implementation in lignin conversion.

1 aHalilu, Ahmed1 aUmar, Ahmad, Abulfathi1 aBalarabe, Yahaya, Umar1 aHaniffa, Mhd., Abd. Cader1 aMunawar, Khadija1 aSunku, Kiran1 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/advances-single-atom-catalysts-lignin-conversion02335nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245014000055210006900195260000900264300001100273490000800284520138200292653002101674653002601695653002201721653003201743653002101775100002301796700001801819700002201837700002701859700002701886700002501913856013101938 2020 eng d a0016-236100aBifunctional rice husk-derived SiO2-Cu-Al-Mg nanohybrid catalyst for one-pot conversion of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl acetate0 aBifunctional rice huskderived SiO2CuAlMg nanohybrid catalyst for cSEP  a1179530 v2753 a

Developing one-pot reaction methodologies, which typically require multifunctional catalyst systems, is crucial for sustainable production of bio-derived fuels and chemicals. This work reports one-pot hydrogenation-esterification of furfural to furfuryl acetate using a bifunctional metal-based nanohybrid catalyst, composed of rice husk (RH) derived SiO2, Cu, Al, and Mg species (RHSiO2-Cu-Al-Mg). For comparison, the catalytic efficiency of RHSiO2-Cu and RHSiO2-Cu-Al were tested under similar reaction conditions. Various analytical techniques were used to elucidate the physicochemical, textural, and acid-redox properties of the catalysts. It was found that the RHSiO2-Cu-Al-Mg catalyst contains an optimum amount of acid and redox sites, as illustrated by NH3-TPD and H-2-TPR studies, respectively. Especially, Mg addition played a vital role in tailoring acidity of the RHSiO2-Cu-Al catalyst to promote in-situ esterification of furfuryl alcohol with acetic acid to yield furfuryl acetate. As a result, the RHSiO2-Cu-Al-Mg catalyst exhibited the best performance in one-pot conversion of furfural to furfuryl acetate, outperforming various noble metal/silica based catalysts. This study offers potential opportunities for the rational design of novel, bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for efficient production of bio-derived fuels and value added chemicals.

10aAcid-redox sites10aBifunctional catalyst10aBio-oil upgrading10aOne-pot furfural conversion10aRice husk silica1 aHashim, Luqman, H.1 aHalilu, Ahmed1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aUmar, Yahaya, Balarabe1 aBin Johan, Mohd, Rafie1 aBhargava, Suresh, K. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/bifunctional-rice-husk-derived-sio2-cu-al-mg-nanohybrid-catalyst-one-pot-conversion-biomass01108nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260000900283300001400292490000600306520012200312653002100434653002600455653001500481653003000496653002700526100002400553700002000577700001600597700001900613700002200632700002500654700002000679856013100699 2020 eng d a2574-096200aBimetallic palladium nickel nanoparticles anchored on carbon as high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and formic acid oxidation reactions0 aBimetallic palladium nickel nanoparticles anchored on carbon as  cSEP  a9285-92950 v33 a

{Herein, we report the synthesis of carbon-supported palladium-nickel electrocatalysts (ECs) (Pd4-xNix/C ECs

10aelectrocatalysts10aFormic Acid Oxidation10afuel cells10aoxygen reduction reaction10apalladium-nickel alloy1 aGoswami, Chiranjita1 aSaikia, Himadri1 aTada, Kohei1 aTanaka, Shingo1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aBhargava, Suresh, K.1 aBharali, Pankaj uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/bimetallic-palladium-nickel-nanoparticles-anchored-carbon-high-performance-electrocatalysts00448nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210005900116260000800175300000800183490000700191100002200198856009400220 2020 eng d a2190-681500aCatalytic biomass valorization - status and perspectives0 aCatalytic biomass valorization status and perspectives cDEC a7930 v101 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalytic-biomass-valorization-status-and-perspectives02206nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260000800237300001400245490000700259520151000266100001701776700002201793700001401815700001601829700001101845700001501856856012901871 2020 eng d a1463-926200aFunctionalized magnetic nanosized materials for efficient biodiesel synthesis via acid-base/enzyme catalysis0 aFunctionalized magnetic nanosized materials for efficient biodie cMAY a2977-30120 v223 a

According to the principles of green chemistry, the rapid recovery and reuse of catalysts after a catalytic reaction are important factors to realize the sustainable management of chemical production processes. The functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles is the basis for the efficient separation of heterogeneous catalysts from the reaction system by using the magnetic separation technology as well as for effectively bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic processes. This can considerably improve the production efficiency and reduce energy consumption as well. Owing to important applications as a potential biofuel or fuel additive, the synthesis of biodiesel mainly from low-cost biomass feedstocks has received considerable attention in the current biorefinery research. A simple synthesis process coupled with the application of functionalized magnetic catalysts can remarkably reduce the production cost and minimize waste generation, thereby promoting the potential development of green catalytic processes for the large-scale synthesis of biodiesel. In this review, the preparation methods, structural and performance control, and protection and functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles as well as the consequent catalytic effects in the synthesis of biodiesel (mainly long-chain fatty acid methyl esters) have been reported. In addition, various representative reaction mechanisms are discussed, emphasizing the existing challenges and prospects of industrialization.

1 aWang, Anping1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aXu, Yufei1 aZhang, Heng1 aLi, Hu1 aYang, Song uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/functionalized-magnetic-nanosized-materials-efficient-biodiesel-synthesis-acid-baseenzyme02306nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260000800256300001400264490000800278520130000286653002601586653002301612653003001635653002101665653003901686653002701725100002401752700002201776700002801798700002601826700002501852700002401877856012701901 2020 eng d a1011-372X00aHighly dispersed MnOx nanoparticles on shape-controlled SiO2 spheres for ecofriendly selective allylic oxidation of cyclohexene0 aHighly dispersed MnOx nanoparticles on shapecontrolled SiO2 sphe cOCT a3023-30350 v1503 a

Shape-controlled metal nanomaterials are considered as a unique class of catalysts because of their synergistic size- and shape-dependent catalytic properties. This work reports the synthesis of a novel size- and shape-controlled catalyst, consisting of highly dispersed MnOx nanoparticles (average particle size of 4.5 nm) on shape-controlled SiO2 nanospheres (250-300 nm) for selective cyclohexene oxidation using air as the oxidant under solvent- and base-free conditions. The MnOx/SiO2 catalyst exhibited an excellent cyclohexene conversion (92%) with a high selectivity (96%) to the allylic products (2-cyclohexene-ol and 2-cyclohexene-one) under mild conditions, outperforming various SiO2 supported CoOx, FeOx, and CuOx catalysts. The better performance of shape-controlled MnOx/SiO2 nanocatalyst is due to high redox nature of Mn, uniform dispersion of smaller sized MnOx nanoparticles, and synergetic interaction between MnOx and SiO2 spheres, as evidenced by XPS and TEM studies. Further, the MnOx/SiO2 catalyst could be reused at least 5 times for selective cyclohexene oxidation with a negligible loss in its catalytic performance, indicating the excellent stability of shape-controlled metal nanocatalysts in organic synthesis under economically viable and mild conditions.

10aCyclohexene oxidation10aMnOx nanoparticles10aShape-controlled catalyst10aSiO2 nanospheres10aStructure-performance relationship10aSynergetic interaction1 aRao, Bolla, Govinda1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aRao, Tumula, Venkateshw1 aAmin, Mohamad, Hassan1 aBhargava, Suresh, K.1 aReddy, Benjaram, M. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/highly-dispersed-mnox-nanoparticles-shape-controlled-sio2-spheres-ecofriendly-selective02484nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260000800207300001400215490000700229520167000236653001901906653002501925653002301950653003401973653002502007653003302032100002202065700001102087700003002098856011402128 2020 eng d a2155-543500aTiO2-based water-tolerant acid catalysis for biomass-based fuels and chemicals0 aTiO2based watertolerant acid catalysis for biomassbased fuels an cAUG a9555-95840 v103 a

Solid acid catalysts alone or in combination with redox metals play a pivotal role in biomass valorization to obtain alternative fuels and chemicals. In acid-catalyzed biomass conversions, water is a key reagent/byproduct that can induce leaching/poisoning of catalyst's acid species, a major problem toward catalyst recyclability and product purification. Thus, developing efficient water-tolerant solid acid catalysts is vital for viable biomass valorization. TiO2 is considered to be a promising water-tolerant solid acid catalyst for biomass conversions because of the presence of coordinatively unsaturated Ti4+ sites, which are robust and less prone to leaching in the aqueous medium. Besides, the synergistic combination of TiO2 with redox metals (Ru, Pd, Ni, Cu, etc.) provides abundant bifunctional acid-redox sites, which exhibit a favorable catalytic role in the deoxygenation of biomass molecules to practically useful hydrocarbons. Therefore, this review provides an overview of recent progress toward TiO2-based water-tolerant acid catalysis for biomass conversion, with a focus on hydrothermal stability of TiO2, its acidity, and catalysts' synthesis methods. Various biomass conversions over TiO2-based catalysts, where water-tolerant acid sites or acid-redox dual sites show a significant catalytic effect, were discussed. Structure-activity relationships based on water-tolerant Lewis acidity of TiO2 were emphasized. We believe that this review will provide valuable information for developing efficient water-tolerant solid acid catalysts not only for biomass valorization but also for other challenging reactions in the aqueous medium.

10aAcid catalysis10aacid-redox catalysis10aBiomass conversion10arenewable fuels and chemicals10aTiO2-based catalysts10awater-tolerant Lewis acidity1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aLi, Hu1 aSagar, Tatiparthi, Vikram uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/tio2-based-water-tolerant-acid-catalysis-biomass-based-fuels-and-chemicals01432nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260000800185300001200193490000600205520079600211100002201007700002001029700001501049700001701064700002801081700001901109856011001128 2020 eng d00aTowards lignin-derived chemicals using atom-efficient catalytic routes0 aTowards ligninderived chemicals using atomefficient catalytic ro cOCT a898-9130 v23 a

Lignin is a potential non-fossil resource of diverse functionalized phenolic units. The most important lignin- derived monomers are 4-alkylphenols, 4- hydroxybenzaldehydes, 4-hydroxybenzoic acids, and 4-hydroxycinnamic acids/esters. Efficient transformation of lignin and/or its monomers into valuable aromatics and their derivatives is crucial, not only for a sustainable lignocellulose biorefinery, but also to reduce our dependence on fossil feedstocks. This review provides a concise account of the recent advances in lignocellulose fractionation/lignin depolymerization processes towards lignin-derived monomers. Subsequently, numerous potential atom-efficient catalytic routes for upgrading lignin monomers into drop-in chemicals and new polymer building blocks are discussed.

1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aRuijten, Dieter1 aLiao, Yuhe1 aRenders, Tom1 aKoelewijn, Steven-Friso1 aSels, Bert, F. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/towards-lignin-derived-chemicals-using-atom-efficient-catalytic-routes02020nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260000800236300001400244490000600258520123200264100002301496700002401519700002501543700002501568700002201593700002801615700003101643856012801674 2021 eng d a2398-490200aReusable magnetic nanocatalyst for bio-fuel additives: the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of solketal dagger0 aReusable magnetic nanocatalyst for biofuel additives the ultraso cAPR a2362-23720 v53 a

Acetalization of glycerol into solketal, a potential fuel additive, is a promising approach to utilizing the large waste-stream of glycerol from the biodiesel industry. Herein, we report an efficient ultrasound-assisted room temperature synthesis of solketal by acetalization of glycerol with acetone using an easily recoverable sulfonic acid-functionalized, silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@SiO2@SO3H MNP, FSS MNP) catalyst. The morphology, chemical composition and magnetic properties of the catalyst were elucidated. The acetalization of glycerol was carried out under ultrasonication at room temperature, resulting in 97% glycerol conversion after 15 minutes and 95% isolated yield of solketal with 100% selectivity for this acetal. The facile magnetic retrievability of the catalyst imparted operational simplicity to the solketal synthetic protocol, avoiding complicated catalyst separation and product purification processes. The FSS catalyst was magnetically recycled for up to five catalytic experiments, maintaining a glycerol conversion of 95% and without deterioration in its selectivity, composition, morphology or magnetic properties, thereby ameliorating the green aspects of the protocol.

1 aRajkumari, Kalyani1 aChangmai, Bishwajit1 aMeher, Ananta, Kumar1 aVanlalveni, Chhangte1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aWheatley, Andrew, E. H.1 aRokhum, Samuel, Lalthazual uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/reusable-magnetic-nanocatalyst-bio-fuel-additives-ultrasound-assisted-synthesis-solketal01674nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260000800202300001400210490000700224520100000231100001601231700001901247700001601266700001801282700001101300700002201311700001501333856010801348 2021 eng d a1463-926200aRoom-temperature quasi-catalytic hydrogen generation from waste and water0 aRoomtemperature quasicatalytic hydrogen generation from waste an cOCT a7528-75330 v233 aA solvation-driven catalyst-free H-2 generation system from water and various waste hydrosilanes at room temperature was developed, with good to quantitative H-2 yields in minutes. Using a green solvent is found to promote the strong coordination of proton carriers with hydrosilane to liberate H-2 based on molecular dynamics simulations. Theoretical calculations clarify that OH(-)in situ generated from H2O enabled by solvation is favorable for activating the Si-H species of hydrosilane, and the in situ formed Si-OH interacts more effectively with the adjacent remaining Si-H, both contributing to the overall enhanced H-2 generation. Moreover, the overall life-cycle impacts of the developed system are less than those of industrial H-2 production processes, especially in ozone layer depletion and abiotic depletion resources - fossil fuels. This protocol realizes the potential of efficiently producing H-2 from waste and water, and opens a new avenue to alleviate petroleum consumption.1 aWu, Hongguo1 aZhang, Li-Long1 aWang, Junqi1 aJiang, Yiyuan1 aLi, Hu1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aYang, Song uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/room-temperature-quasi-catalytic-hydrogen-generation-waste-and-water02065nas a2200265 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260000800222300001100230490000600241520121800247653002601465653001401491653002801505653001801533653001501551100001501566700002201581700001501603700001701618700001601635700001101651700001501662856012201677 2021 eng d00aSulfonic acid-functionalized heterogeneous catalytic materials for efficient biodiesel production: a review0 aSulfonic acidfunctionalized heterogeneous catalytic materials fo cFEB a1047190 v93 a

The development of social productive forces leads to the increasing consumption of fossil fuels. However, the burning of traditional fossil fuels releases huge amounts of carbon emissions into the atmosphere, resulting in drastically increased global surface temperatures, and hence, global warming and abnormal climate change. Biodiesel, which can be produced by (trans)esterification of bio-oils using solid acid catalysts, is recognized as renewable and clean energy, alternative to fossil-derived diesel, and it can meet society's requirements. This review describes the catalytic conversion of bio-derived oils into biodiesel using various sulfonic acid-functionalized heterogeneous catalytic materials that show higher catalytic efficiency and superior recyclability. Besides, various methods of biodiesel preparation and the appropriate design and preparation of robust and efficient catalytic materials for biodiesel production were provided. Finally, the mechanisms of different catalytic esterification and transesterification reactions for biodiesel synthesis, the relevant reaction kinetic models, and techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production were critically discussed in this review.

10a(Trans)esterification10aBiodiesel10aheterogeneous catalysis10akinetic study10asolid acid1 aTan, Xiang1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aTan, Jinyu1 aWang, Anping1 aZhang, Heng1 aLi, Hu1 aYang, Song uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sulfonic-acid-functionalized-heterogeneous-catalytic-materials-efficient-biodiesel02646nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260000800249300001600257490000700273520167000280653001201950653002501962653001401987653002702001653002102028653001902049100002202068700002602090700002202116700001802138700002902156700002402185700001902209856012802228 2021 eng d a2155-543500aSupported MoOx and WOx solid acids for biomass valorization: interplay of coordination chemistry, acidity, and catalysis0 aSupported MoOx and WOx solid acids for biomass valorization inte cNOV a13603-136480 v113 aSupported molybdenum oxide (MoOx) and tungsten oxide (WOx) materials are a vital class of solid acid catalysts for the chemical industry because of their nontoxic nature, strong acidity, remarkable stability in water, hydrogen, and oxygen atmospheres, and excellent reusability performance. These fascinating solid acids play a pivotal role in developing sustainable catalytic routes for renewable biomass processing to produce value-added fuels, chemicals, and platform molecules. The coordination chemistry of MoOx and WOx on the support materials (oxides, carbons, or zeolites) controls their acidic strength, active site accessibility, and catalytic activity. Hence, significant efforts have been made toward optimizing the conditions used for catalyst synthesis and biomass processing to tune the coordination chemistry of MoOx and WOx with the substrate molecules and, thus, their acid-activity/selectivity performance. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of supported MoOx and WOx solid acids for biomass valorization. The importance of the biomass and the role of solid acids for biomass valorization were emphasized, followed by a brief discussion of supported MoOx and WO(x )solid acids. Afterward, the interplay of coordination chemistry, acidic strength, and catalytic activity of supported MoOx and WOx solid acids was discussed. Finally, their catalytic applications for the valorization of several biomass substrates and their derivatives were summarized. This Review will provide valuable insights for developing advanced supported WOx and MoOx solid acids for catalytic biomass valorization and other challenging acid-catalyzed processes.10aAcidity10abiomass valorization10acatalysis10aCoordination chemistry10amolybdenum oxide10atungsten oxide1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aGupta, Navneet, Kumar1 aMallesham, Baithy1 aSingh, Nittan1 aKalbande, Pavan, Narayan1 aReddy, Benjaram, M.1 aSels, Bert, F. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/supported-moox-and-wox-solid-acids-biomass-valorization-interplay-coordination-chemistry02039nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260000800224300001400232490000700246520115700253653002601410653002201436653002801458653002401486653004001510100002201550700002101572700001601593700002601609700002301635856012701658 2021 eng d a1867-388000aSynergistic nanostructured MnOx/TiO2 catalyst for highly selective synthesis of aromatic imines0 aSynergistic nanostructured MnOxTiO2 catalyst for highly selectiv cAPR a1990-19970 v133 a

This work reports the development of a synergistic nanostructured MnOx/TiO2 catalyst, with highly dispersed MnOx nanoparticles (4.5 +/- 1 nm) on shape-controlled TiO2 nanotubes (8-11 nm width and 120-280 nm length), for selective synthesis of valuable aromatic imines at industrially important conditions. Pristine TiO2 nanotubes exhibited 97 % imine selectivity at a 38.3 % benzylamine conversion, whereas very low imine selectivity was obtained over commercial TiO2 materials, indicating the catalytic significance of shape-controlled TiO2 nanotubes. The MnOx nanoparticle/TiO2 nanotube (10 wt% Mn) catalyst calcined at 400 degrees C showed the best activity with 95.6 % benzylamine conversion and 99.9 % imine selectivity. This catalyst exhibited good recyclability for four times and is effective for converting numerous benzylamines into higher yields of imines. The high catalytic performance of MnOx/TiO2 nanotubes was attributed to higher number of redox sites (Mn3+), high dispersion of Mn species, and shape-controlled structure of TiO2, indicating that this catalyst could be a promising candidate for selective oxidation reactions.

10aAcid-redox properties10aaerobic oxidation10aNanostructured catalyst10aSelective catalysis10aSynergistic metal-oxide interaction1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aKockritz, Angela1 aAtia, Hanan1 aAmin, Mohamad, Hassan1 aBruckner, Angelika uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synergistic-nanostructured-mnoxtio2-catalyst-highly-selective-synthesis-aromatic-imines02361nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260000800258300001100266490000800277520142800285653002801713653003101741653003401772653003701806653002701843653001901870100001801889700002901907700002401936700002201960856012501982 2022 eng d a2468-823100aEfficient cascade C-N coupling reactions catalyzed by a recyclable MoOx/ Nb2O5 nanomaterial for valuable N-heterocycles synthesis0 aEfficient cascade CN coupling reactions catalyzed by a recyclabl cNOV a1127420 v5323 a

The efficient cascade synthesis of pharmaceutically valuable N-heterocycles at solvent-free conditions was achieved using a robust, recyclable MoOx/Nb2O5 nanocatalyst. The results of catalyst screening revealed that the MoOx/Nb2O5 nanorods, calcined at 500 degrees C (MoNb5), exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the oxidative coupling of benzylamine with 96.5% conversion and >99.6% selectivity to the desirable imine product. The uniform dispersion of Mo-oxide nanoparticles (average particle size: 5.2 +/- 0.5 nm) on shape-controlled Nb2O5 nanorods (width: 5.3 +/- 0.5 nm and length: 23-38 nm) in MoNb5 catalyst led to improved structural and acid properties, beneficial for the cascade C-N bond construction. The shape-controlled MoNb5 catalyst showed versatile activity in various cascade C-N coupling reactions to obtain 2-phenylbenzimidazole, 2-phenyl-quinaxoline, and 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one with good to excellent yields at solvent-free con-ditions. The optimum ratio of Lewis/Bronsted acid sites, the unique structure of Nb2O5 nanorods, and the strong MoO3-Nb2O5 interaction are the key reasons for the higher activity of MoNb5 catalyst. The efficient reusability of MoNb5 catalyst, its remarkable activity in diverse N-heterocycles synthesis, and efficient gram-scale synthesis emphasize its practical application for the cascade C-N coupling reactions under benign conditions.

10aAcid sites optimization10aCascade C-N bond formation10aDiverse nitrogenous chemicals10aHeterogeneous nanosized catalyst10aMoO3-Nb2O5 interaction10aNb2O5 nanorods1 aSingh, Nittan1 aKalbande, Pavan, Narayan1 aUmbarkar, Shubhangi1 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-cascade-c-n-coupling-reactions-catalyzed-recyclable-moox-nb2o5-nanomaterial02034nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260000800271300001400279490000700293520120200300653001401502653001401516653001301530653001501543653002401558100002401582700002401606700001801630700002201648856012201670 2022 eng d a2168-048500aEfficient synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural esters from polymeric carbohydrates using 5-(chloromethyl)furfural as a reactive intermediate0 aEfficient synthesis of 5hydroxymethylfurfural esters from polyme cMAY a5803-58090 v103 a

This work reports an efficient, gram-scale synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) esters using biomass-derived 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) as a reactive intermediate. The HMF-esters have potential applications as chemicalintermediates, fuel additives, and bioactive compounds. Initially, CMF was prepared in good yields directly from polymericcarbohydrates (starch, inulin, and cellulose) and cellulosic materials (cotton andfilter paper) using a biphasic batch reaction system,consisting of aqueous hydrochloric acid and 1,2-dichloroethane. The use of ZnCl2as an additive allowed the reaction to proceedunder milder conditions while significantly improving the isolated yield of CMF. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time,extracting solvent, and ZnCl2loading on CMF yield were investigated. Microcrystalline cellulose was converted into CMF with a72% isolated yield under optimized reaction conditions (80 degrees C, 2 h). After that, CMF was transformed into various novel esters ofHMF in excellent isolated yields (>85%) by reacting with a slight excess amount of the triethylammonium salt of various alkyl/arylcarboxylic acids under solvent-free conditions

10acatalysis10acellulose10afuranics10aHMF-esters10arenewable synthesis1 aBhat, Navya, Subray1 aHegde, Shobhita, L.1 aDutta, Saikat1 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-synthesis-5-hydroxymethylfurfural-esters-polymeric-carbohydrates-using-501902nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001100230490000800241520108800249653002001337653001601357653001701373653002601390653002001416100001601436700001101452700001801463700002201481700001501503856013001518 2022 eng d a0016-236100aProtophilic solvent-impelled quasi-catalytic CO2 valorization to formic acid and N-formamides0 aProtophilic solventimpelled quasicatalytic CO2 valorization to f cOCT a1250740 v3263 a

As a low-price and luxuriant C1 sustainable resource, CO2 has the privilege of synthesizing hydrogen carriers and valuable chemicals. However, expensive metallic and organic catalysts are often indispensable for going on wheels of the relevant reaction processes. In this work, a protophilic solvent-impelled quasi-catalytic system was developed for efficient synthesis of formic acid and various N-formamides with high yields of 76-94% via reductive CO2 functionalization under mild reaction conditions (50 ?). Direct activation of the liquid hydrosilane toward the reduction of CO2 enabled by DMSO with optimum basicity/protophilicity is the predominant reaction route among the examined interaction models, while carbonic acid potentially derived from excessive CO2 and residual water inhibits the reaction, as explicitly disclosed by theoretical calculations and isotope labeling experiments. In addition, the in situ formed O-formyl species is conductive to the cascade CO2 reduction steps, which remarkably facilitated the overall quasi-catalytic upgrading process.

10aCO2 utilization10aFormic acid10aGreen energy10aNitrogenous chemicals10aQuasi-catalysis1 aWu, Hongguo1 aLi, Hu1 aZhao, Wenfeng1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aYang, Song uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/protophilic-solvent-impelled-quasi-catalytic-co2-valorization-formic-acid-and-n-formamides01525nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260000800218300001100226490000800237520072900245653001900974653001600993653003301009653002601042653003401068100002201102700001801124700002901142856012401171 2022 eng d a1566-736700aShape-controlled nanostructured MoO3/CeO2 catalysts for selective cyclohexene epoxidation0 aShapecontrolled nanostructured MoO3CeO2 catalysts for selective  cAPR a1064330 v1643 a

This study reported a vital role of CeO2 shape on the structure-activity properties of MoOx/CeO2 catalysts for cyclohexene epoxidation. Uniform dispersion of MoOx on the surface of shape-controlled CeO2 nanocubes (average particle size: 23.5 nm) and nanorods (average width: 6.3 nm and length: 15-95 nm) was found in MoOx/CeO2 nanomaterials. The MoOx/CeO2 nanocubes showed higher epoxide selectivity (97.3%) with 98.9% cyclohexene conversion, although it has lower BET surface area (30.2 m(2)/g) compared with MoOx/CeO2 nanorods (72.8 m(2)/g). The presence of more electropositive Mo6+ species and the strong Mo-Ce interaction led to improved catalytic efficacy of MoOx/CeO2 nanocubes in cyclohexene epoxidation.

10aCeO2 nanocubes10aCeO2 shapes10aNanosized MoOx/CeO2 catalyst10aSelective epoxidation10aStructure-activity properties1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aSingh, Nittan1 aKalbande, Pavan, Narayan uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/shape-controlled-nanostructured-moo3ceo2-catalysts-selective-cyclohexene-epoxidation01730nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260000800260300001100268490000800279520081600287653002501103653002901128653002501157653001801182653003501200100002901235700001801264700001901282700002401301700002201325856012901347 2023 eng d a1566-736700aOne-pot synthesized efficient molybdenum-niobium-oxide nanocatalyst for selective C-O and C-N coupling reactions at mild conditions0 aOnepot synthesized efficient molybdenumniobiumoxide nanocatalyst cOCT a1067660 v1833 a

An efficient molybdenum-niobium-oxide nanomaterial was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method for selective C-O (glycerol ketalization) and C-N coupling (benzylamine oxidation) reactions. The catalytically favourable properties, such as defective metal sites, truncated surfaces, and uniform metal dispersion in the MoO3-Nb2O5 nanorods, calcined at 500 degrees C (MoNb OPS-5), were confirmed by Raman, HR-TEM, and STEM-EDX, respectively. Because of improved Lewis/Bronsted acidic strength, the MoNb OPS-5 catalyst showed higher activity in glycerol ketalization and benzylamine oxidation at mild conditions, giving superior selectivity to solketal (97%) and dibenzylimine (99%), respectively. The MoNb OPS-5 catalyst showed high structural stability and considerable good reusability efficacy.

10aC-O and C-N coupling10aGlycerol and benzylamine10aMo-Nb-O nanocatalyst10ananocatalysts10aOne-pot hydrothermal synthesis1 aKalbande, Pavan, Narayan1 aSingh, Nittan1 aSwapna, Bhattu1 aUmbarkar, Shubhangi1 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/one-pot-synthesized-efficient-molybdenum-niobium-oxide-nanocatalyst-selective-c-o-and-c-n01741nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008100055210006900136260000900205300001600214490000700230520102700237100001201264700001601276700001801292700002001310700001401330700001801344700002201362700001101384856011601395 2023 eng d a1359-734500aPhotocatalytic C-N bond construction toward high-value nitrogenous chemicals0 aPhotocatalytic CN bond construction toward highvalue nitrogenous cDEC  a14341-143520 v593 a

The construction of carbon-nitrogen bonds is vital for producing versatile nitrogenous compounds for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Among developed synthetic approaches to nitrogenous chemicals, photocatalysis is particularly prominent and has become one of the emerging fields due to its unique advantages of eco-sustainable characteristics, efficient process integration, no need for high-pressure H2, and tunable synthesis methods for developing advanced photocatalytic materials. Here, the review focuses on potential photocatalytic protocols developed for the construction of robust carbon-nitrogen bonds in discrepant activation environments to produce high-value nitrogenous chemicals. The photocatalytic C-N bond construction strategies and involved reaction mechanisms are elucidated. This review focuses on potential photocatalytic protocols developed for the construction of robust carbon-nitrogen bonds in discrepant activation environments to produce high-value nitrogenous chemicals.

1 aLi, Jie1 aLiu, Tengyu1 aSingh, Nittan1 aHuang, Zhuochun1 aDing, Yan1 aHuang, Jinshu1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aLi, Hu uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/photocatalytic-c-n-bond-construction-toward-high-value-nitrogenous-chemicals03207nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245015700055210006900212260000900281300001300290490000700303520218400310653003002494653002702524653002702551653003102578653003002609653003002639100002102669700002202690700002902712700002102741700001702762700002002779856013002799 2023 eng d a0161-494000aProgressions in cathodic catalysts for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution in bioelectrochemical systems: Molybdenum as the next-generation catalyst0 aProgressions in cathodic catalysts for oxygen reduction and hydr cJUL  a986-10780 v653 a

Oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are unanimously a key factor of system performances in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), low-temperature fuel cells, and generally in several electrochemical platforms. Platinum (Pt)-based catalyst is the finest electrocatalyst for ORR in BESs; however, it is constrained by its low abundance, high price, and poor catalytic durability in an electrochemical setup for cathodic reaction kinetics. In recent years, significant efforts in trimming the metal-based catalyst up to nanoscale to cater high performance of ORR have been explored. Still, there are many opportunities to improve catalyst performance at cathode through proper selection of an efficient low-cost metal-based ORR catalyst. Molybdenum (Mo) with its multi-dimensional form as 2D and 3D layers and synergistic combination with other non-metals offers prospects of extraordinary performance as low-cost metal-based ORR catalyst over the Pt in delivering enhanced ORR potential. The present review throws light on current requirements of a sturdier catalyst material and thus provides a comprehensive review on the continuing efforts in exploring the possibility of Mo as a low-cost metal-based ORR catalyst. This literature analysis would enlighten the significance of ORR in BESs, followed by the electrochemistry of Mo-based cathodic catalyst, its underlying mechanism and performance limiting factors in the operation of ORR. Moreover, the extensive and systematic acumen in the context of Mo-based catalytic formulations for increased ORR potentials including nano-composite Mo-cathode catalyst; development of Mo-catalyst with varied configurations; carbon-supported Mo-catalyst; morphological changes; surface area modifications; and Mo-coupling with other transition metal and its derivatives were discussed in great detail to provide prospective application of Mo-based catalyst. Lastly, numerous opportunities and projections for future research in fabrication, juxtaposition, and implementation of Mo-based cathodic catalysts and consequent recommendations were discussed as conclusive remarks for bringing out the state-of-the-art review on this subject.

10aBioelectrochemical system10acatalytic formulations10aH-2-evolution reaction10aMo-based cathodic catalyst10amultifunctional catalysts10aoxygen reduction reaction1 aMishra, Puranjan1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aMahapatra, Durga, Madhab1 aElmekawy, Ahamad1 aPant, Deepak1 aSingh, Lakhveer uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/progressions-cathodic-catalysts-oxygen-reduction-and-hydrogen-evolution-bioelectrochemical02511nas a2200289 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260000900218300001600227490000600243520146800249653003101717653001601748653003301764653004401797653003501841100001801876700002401894700003001918700002901948700002401977700002602001700002202027700001902049700002202068856013102090 2023 eng d00aShape-controlled MoO3/MnO x nanocatalyst for the selective synthesis of 2-phenylquinoxaline drug motifs0 aShapecontrolled MoO3MnO x nanocatalyst for the selective synthes cDEC  a23442-234530 v63 a

We have developed a highly effective shape-controlled MoO3/MnOx nanocatalyst for the selective synthesis of 2-phenylquinoxaline drug motifs at room temperature without any external oxidant. Electron microscopy images reveal that the MnOx material contains rod-shaped particles (length: 500-1000 nm and width: 150-200 nm) and the MoO3 species are uniformly dispersed in the MoO3/MnOx material. The MoO3/MnOx nanocatalyst calcined at 500 degrees C (MoO3/MnOx-5) contains abundant strong acid sites and an optimum ratio of Mn4+/Mn3+, which are responsible for the C-N cross-coupling reaction between 2-phenylethylamine and o-phenylenediamine, giving higher yields (>96%) of 2-phenylquinoxaline at mild conditions. The broad scope of this catalytic strategy at room temperature and without an external oxidant was confirmed by achieving >90% yields of functional 2-phenylquinoxalines from C-N cross-coupling of various o-phenylenediamines and 2-phenylethylamines. The outstanding reusability efficiency of the MoO3/MnOx-5 nanocatalyst up to five cycles without the need for a regeneration step as well as the effective scalability highlighted the practicability of the MoO3/MnOx-based catalytic protocol for carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions at room temperature and without an external oxidant. Using computational studies, the possible reasons for the selective synthesis of 2-phenylquinoxaline over the MoO3/MnOx-5 nanocatalyst were elucidated.

10acascade C-N cross-coupling10aDFT studies10aroom temperature andopen air10ashape-controlled MoO3/MnOx nanocatalyst10astructure-activity correlation1 aSingh, Nittan1 aPutla, Suresh, Babu1 aSingh, Chandrodai, Pratap1 aKalbande, Pavan, Narayan1 aChoudhary, Priyanka1 aKrishnamurty, Sailaja1 aKrishnan, Venkata1 aBhatte, Kushal1 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/shape-controlled-moo3mno-x-nanocatalyst-selective-synthesis-2-phenylquinoxaline-drug-motifs02525nas a2200289 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000900212300001400221490000600235520159000241653001701831653001401848653001401862653002101876653002101897653001901918653001501937653002701952100002201979700001902001700002302020700001802043700002202061700002002083856013202103 2024 eng d00aDurable and stable bifunctional Co3O4-based nanocatalyst for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions0 aDurable and stable bifunctional Co3O4based nanocatalyst for oxyg cFEB  a3620-36300 v73 a

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are recognized as the core reaction processes in regenerative energy storage and conversion systems. The design of cost-effective and high-performance bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts (ECs) is very important for their substantial commercialization. Herein, sponge-like Co3O4 nanoparticles anchored on carbon (Sp-Co3O4/C) are successfully fabricated by a facile two-step solvothermal strategy for ORR/OER in an alkaline electrolyte. The Sp-Co3O4/C EC exhibits promising bifunctional ORR/OER activity with ORR onset potential (E onset = 0.88 V vs RHE), half-wave potential (E (1/2) = 0.75 V), limiting current density (j = -6.60 mA cm(-2)), OER onset potential (E-onset = 1.26 V), and OER overpotential for 10% energy conversion (eta(10) = 0.38 V) in 0.1 M KOH. It demonstrates a significantly lower reversibility index (Delta E = E- j10 - E 1/2 = 0.86 V), comparable to standard Pt/C and RuO2 ECs. The superior ORR/OER performances of Sp-Co3O4/C EC can be ascribed to the synergistic contribution of a high electrochemically active surface area (48.33 m(2) g(-1)), BET surface area (131 m(2) g(-1)), the rich interfacial structure of the crystal facets (111), (220), and (311), and the abundant oxygen vacancies in the sponge-like morphology. Besides the methanol tolerance, accelerated durability and chronoamperometric test established excellent durability and stability in the electrocatalytic operation. This work offers insight into the development of high-performance ORR/OER ECs. [GRAPHICS]

10abifunctional10afuel cell10ainterface10aoxygen evolution10aoxygen reduction10aOxygen vacancy10aSp-Co3O4/C10asponge-like morphology1 aChutia, Bhugendra1 aChetry, Rashmi1 aRao, Komateedi, N.1 aSingh, Nittan1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aBharali, Pankaj uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/durable-and-stable-bifunctional-co3o4-based-nanocatalyst-oxygen-reductionevolution-reactions00891nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260000900248490000700257653001300264653001300277653001300290653001400303653001100317653003300328653001000361100001900371700001800390700002400408700002000432700002100452700002200473856013000495 2024 eng d a2044-475300aEfficient glycolysis of used PET bottles into a high-quality valuable monomer using a shape-engineered MnO nanocatalyst0 aEfficient glycolysis of used PET bottles into a highquality valu cSEP 0 v1410aCatalyst10akinetics10aNanorods10aOxidation10aOxides10aPOLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE)10aWASTE1 aSwapna, Bhattu1 aSingh, Nittan1 aPatowary, Suranjana1 aBharali, Pankaj1 aMadras, Giridhar1 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-glycolysis-used-pet-bottles-high-quality-valuable-monomer-using-shape-engineered00962nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260000900266300001600275490000700291653001800298653001400316653001600330653001000346653001800356653001500374653001700389100002600406700001900432700002900451700002500480700002500505700002200530856013200552 2024 eng d a2168-048500aSelective synthesis of renewable diesel fuel precursors via C-C condensation of biomass-derived furans using a niobium oxide nanocatalyst0 aSelective synthesis of renewable diesel fuel precursors via CC c cSEP  a15923-159340 v1210a2-Methylfuran10aCatalysts10adehydration10aNB2O510aRANGE ALKANES10asolid acid10aValorization1 aKumar, Mudavath, Arun1 aSwapna, Bhattu1 aKalbande, Pavan, Narayan1 aYalagandula, Lavanya1 aSingh, Satyapaul, A.1 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-synthesis-renewable-diesel-fuel-precursors-c-c-condensation-biomass-derived-furans01528nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260000800241490000800249520071200257653003000969653001800999653004401017653001501061100002401076700001401100700001901114700001801133700002201151856012501173 2024 eng d a1566-736700aValorizing biomass waste glycerol to fuel additive at room temperature using a nanostructured WO3/Nb2O5 catalyst0 aValorizing biomass waste glycerol to fuel additive at room tempe cJAN0 v1863 a

We developed a nanostructured catalyst consisting of WO3 nanoparticles and Nb2O5 nanorods for efficient glycerol acetalization to produce a fuel additive (solketal) at room temperature. Particularly, the WO3/Nb2O5 nanocatalyst calcined at 400 degrees C (WO3/Nb2O5-4) contains W5+ species and optimum acid sites, which enhanced glycerol conversion (92.3%) with 95.6% of solketal selectivity at room temperature. The structure stability of the WO3/Nb2O5-4 catalyst during the reaction is showcased by hot-filtration study and XRD/XPS characterization. However, the inadequate regeneration of the Bronsted acid sites led to a gradual decrease in the recyclable activity of the WO3/Nb2O5-4 catalyst.

10aBronsted-Lewis acid sites10aFuel additive10aRoom-temperature glycerol acetalization10aW5+species1 aPutla, Suresh, Babu1 aSubha, P.1 aSwapna, Bhattu1 aSingh, Nittan1 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/valorizing-biomass-waste-glycerol-fuel-additive-room-temperature-using-nanostructured02345nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260000900237300001600246490000700262520142600269653003101695653004101726653003601767653002201803653003201825100001801857700001901875700002501894700001901919700002201938856013101960 2025 eng d a2168-048500aAdditive-free, selective synthesis of N-heteroaromatics using morphology-engineered hollow CeO2 nanocatalyst0 aAdditivefree selective synthesis of Nheteroaromatics using morph cDEC  a21266-212760 v133 a

We developed a highly efficient, shape-controlled CeO2 nanocatalyst for synthesizing N-heteroaromatics via an aerobic dehydrogenation approach, operating at mild reaction conditions without needing toxic acid/base additives. Different morphologies of CeO2, namely, hollow nanospheres, nanorods, and irregularly shaped nanoparticles, were synthesized, as confirmed by electron microscopy analysis. The CeO2 hollow nanosphere catalyst (CeO2-HNS) exhibited unique features, such as abundant acid-base sites, larger-sized voids, and surface oxygen vacancies. These characteristics are found to be crucial for the additive-free oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated N-heterocycles over the CeO2-HNS catalyst, resulting in 98% conversion of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline with 100% quinoline product selectivity. The versatility of this approach was further demonstrated by the successful aerobic dehydrogenation of a broad range of saturated N-heterocycles, affording N-heteroaromatics in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the CeO2-HNS nanocatalyst showed exceptional reusability over six cycles without requiring a regeneration step, such as high-temperature calcination treatment. The structural and morphological stability of the CeO2-HNS catalyst, along with reaction scalability and favorable green chemistry metrics, emphasized the practical viability of the CeO2-HNS catalyst for industrial applications.

10aacid-base and defect sites10aadditive-free aerobicdehydrogenation10aCeO2 hollow nanosphere catalyst10aN-heteroaromatics10areusability and scalability1 aSingh, Nittan1 aSwapna, Bhattu1 aBalu, Alina, Mariana1 aBhatte, Kushal1 aSudarsanam, Putla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/additive-free-selective-synthesis-n-heteroaromatics-using-morphology-engineered-hollow-ceo201968nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221300000800229490000800237520113300245653002201378653002401400653003501424653001701459653002901476100002901505700001901534700002201553700002801575856012301603 2025 eng d a1011-372X00aLiquid phase nitration of benzene to nitrobenzene using a mesoporous MoO3/Nb2O5 nanocatalyst0 aLiquid phase nitration of benzene to nitrobenzene using a mesopo cAPR a1410 v1553 a

This work reports the synthesis of a mesoporous MoO3/Nb2O5 catalyst by a facile co-precipitation method for the liquid phase nitration of benzene to nitrobenzene, which is a vital industrial reaction. Pristine Nb2O5 and MoO3/Nb2O5 nanocatalysts were characterized using various techniques, including powder XRD, N-2 adsorption-desorption, Raman, SEM/TEM, pyridine FT-IR, and XPS. The MoO3/Nb2O5 catalyst (10 wt% MoO3 with respect to Nb2O5) showed uniform dispersion of Mo and Nb species, higher amount of oxygen vacancies, and more Br & oslash;nsted acid sites, resulting in a 90% yield of nitrobenzene. In contrast, only 35 and 58% yields were obtained in the case of commercial Nb2O5 and nanosized Nb2O5, respectively. The liquid phase nitration of benzene was carried out using commercial 65% HNO3 as a nitrating agent without sulfuric acid. The mesoporous MoO3/Nb2O5 catalyst is structurally stable, as confirmed by the characterization of the spent catalyst. However, a gradual decrease in the yield of nitrobenzene was observed, which could be due to the leaching of MoO3 species from the catalyst surface.

10aBenzene nitration10aBronsted acid sites10aMesoporous MoO3/Nb2O5 Catalyst10anitrobenzene10aUniform metal dispersion1 aKalbande, Pavan, Narayan1 aSwapna, Bhattu1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aUmbarkar, Shubhangi, B. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/liquid-phase-nitration-benzene-nitrobenzene-using-mesoporous-moo3nb2o5-nanocatalyst