03253nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260000800283300001100291490000800302520224400310653002002554653000902574653001402583653000802597653001702605653001402622100002702636700002302663700002102686700001902707700002502726700002402751700002802775700002202803856012602825 2019 eng d a0014-489400aMitochondrial cytochrome oxidase C subunit III (cox3) gene as a sensitive and specific target for molecular detection of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs0 aMitochondrial cytochrome oxidase C subunit III cox3 gene as a se cNOV a1077710 v2063 a

A PCR targeting mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III (cox3) for molecular detection of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs has been developed in this study. Fifty blood samples from suspected clinical cases from dogs, brought to the veterinary college clinics, were examined for presence of B. gibsoni using conventional diagnosis by microscopic examination of Giemsa stained thin blood smears. In addition, species specific PCRs targeting ITS-1 region (BgITS-1 PCR) and nested PCR targeting 18S ribosomal RNA gene (Bg18SnPCR) were carried out. A 634 bp PCR fragment of B. gibsoni cox3 gene was amplified in positive samples from three geographical locations of Satara, Wai and Pune in Maharashtra state of India. From analysis of the sequence of the B. gibsoni cox3 gene, we found that the Indian isolate had 96-98% similarity to the isolate from Japan and China. Post sequencing, de-novo diagnostic primer pair for species specific amplification of 164 bp fragment of B. gibsoni cox3 was designed and the PCR was standardized. The diagnostic results of de-novo Bgcox3 PCR were compared with BgITS-1 PCR and Bg18S nPCR. Thin blood smears detected 22% (11/50) samples positive for small form of Babesia species. The BgITS-1 PCR detected 25% samples (15/50) as positive and Bg18S nPCR detected 80% (40/50) B. gibsoni positive samples. The de-novo Bgcox3 PCR detected 66% (33/50) samples positive for B. gibsoni (at 95% CI). The analytical sensitivity of cox3 PCR was evaluated as 0.000003% parasitaemia or 09 parasites in 100 mu l of blood. The de-novo diagnostic cox3 PCR did not cross react with control positive DNA from other haemoprotozoa and rickettsia like B. vogeli, Hepatozoon canis, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia cants and Anaplasma platys. Statistically, cox3 PCR had better diagnostic efficiency than ITS-1 PCR in terms of sensitivity (p = 0.0006). No statistically significant difference between results of cox3 PCR and 18S nPCR was observed (p = 0.1760). Kappa values estimated for each test pair showed fair to moderate agreement between the observations. Specificity of Bgcox3 PCR was 100% when compared with microscopy or BgITS-1 PCR. Sensitivity of Bgcox3 PCR was 100% when compared with that of Bg18S nPCR.

10aBabesia gibsoni10acox310aDiagnosis10aDog10amitochondria10amolecular1 aBetgiri, Aishwarya, A.1 aJadhav, Sameer, N.1 aPawde, Mrunalini1 aShukla, Anurag1 aMote, Chandrashekhar1 aPawar, Prashant, D.1 aShanmugam, Dhanasekaran1 aKundu, Krishnendu uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mitochondrial-cytochrome-oxidase-c-subunit-iii-cox3-gene-sensitive-and-specific-target02151nas a2200241 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155260000800224300001200232490000600244520132800250100001701578700002101595700001701616700002001633700001901653700002501672700001701697700002201714700002001736700002101756856013201777 2022 eng d00aBehavioral and proteomic studies reveal methylglyoxal activate pathways associated with alzheimer’s disease0 aBehavioral and proteomic studies reveal methylglyoxal activate p cDEC a65–750 v63 a

Diabetes is one of the major risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. The role of elevated levels of glucose, methylglyoxal (MGO), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the pathogenesis of AD is not well understood. In this pursuit, we studied the role of methylglyoxal in the pathogenesis of AD in rat models. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) behavioral study indicated that MGO induces anxiety. Treatment of telmisartan (RAGE expression inhibitor) and aminoguanidine (MGO quencher) attenuated MGO induced anxiety. Further, hippocampal proteomics demonstrated that MGO treated rats differentially regulate proteins involved in calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial functioning, and apoptosis, which may affect neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity. The hippocampal tau phosphorylation level was increased in MGO treated rats, which was reduced in the presence of aminoguanidine and telmisartan. The plasma fructosamine level was increased upon MGO treatment. Hippocampal histochemistry showed vascular degeneration and neuronal loss upon MGO treatment. This study provides mechanistic insight into the role of MGO in the diabetes-associated development of AD.

1 aPatil, Gouri1 aKulsange, Shabda1 aKazi, Rubina1 aChirmade, Tejas1 aKale, Vaikhari1 aMote, Chandrashekhar1 aAswar, Manoj1 aKoratkar, Santosh1 aAgawane, Sachin1 aKulkarni, Mahesh uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/behavioral-and-proteomic-studies-reveal-methylglyoxal-activate-pathways-associated-alzheimer04007nas a2200205 4500008004100000245016400041210006900205260000800274300002300282490000700305520319500312100003303507700002403540700001903564700001803583700002503601700002503626700002403651856012603675 2025 eng d00aGreen synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using pomegranate peel extract for inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals and uropathogenic bacteria0 aGreen synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using cAUG aarticle number 5000 v153 a

This study explores the therapeutic potential of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and its gold nanoparticle conjugate (PPE-AuNP) in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis. Pomegranate peels collected from four agro-climatic zones of India exhibited consistent methanolic extract yields (10–17%) and total phenolic content, with the highest levels observed in the West zone. Green synthesis of PPE-AuNPs was confirmed through UV–Vis spectroscopy (λmax = 522 nm), DLS (38.2 ± 2.1 nm), zeta potential (-33.66 ± 2.97 mV), and TEM imaging, which showed uniform spherical nanoparticles. Characterization confirmed that PPE-AuNPs were crystalline and phytochemically capped. FTIR shifts in O–H, C = O, and C–O bands, along with a ~ 500 cm-1 Au–O/N vibration, confirmed phytochemical-mediated reduction and stabilization. XRD revealed an FCC structure with a dominant (111) plane, indicating high crystallinity. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 21.53 µg/mL, superior to PPE and AuNP alone. In vitro calcium oxalate crystallization assays revealed significant crystal inhibition by PPE-AuNPs, confirmed via E-SEM, EDAX, and XRD analyses. Antibacterial studies against E. coliK. pneumoniaeS. aureus, and uropathogenic E. coli showed MIC values of 31.25–62.5 µg/mL for PPE and PPE-AuNPs, with negligible activity from AuNP alone. In vivo studies in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiatic rats revealed significant improvement in urinary parameters, renal biochemistry (creatinine, urea, SGPT, SGOT), hematological markers, and histopathology, especially in the PPE-AuNP-treated group. PPE-AuNP treatment normalized urinary appearance, reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and restored renal architecture with minimal degeneration. The enhanced therapeutic effects of PPE-AuNPs are attributed to their bioactive phenolic surface ligands and colloidal stability. Overall, this study demonstrates the synergistic efficacy of PPE-AuNPs as a potent, green nanotherapeutic agent for urolithiasis, offering antioxidant, antibacterial, and nephroprotective effects with promising translational relevance.

1 aMundhewadikar, Dhananjay, M.1 aBhalerao, Minal, R.1 aVairale, Shiva1 aSabir, Safiya1 aMote, Chandrashekhar1 aChowdhury, Chiranjit1 aAgawane, Sachin, B. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/green-synthesis-and-characterization-gold-nanoparticles-using-pomegranate-peel-extract02916nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260000800246300001100254490000900265520183400274653002602108653002602134653003202160653003002192653002002222653003502242100002202277700001902299700002502318700002002343700001802363700002502381700002002406700002202426700002402448856013002472 2026 eng d a0022-286000aNovel prodrug-inspired eugenol derivatives with enhanced bioavailability, anti-diabetic and anti-glycation efficacies0 aNovel prodruginspired eugenol derivatives with enhanced bioavail cAPR a1451750 v13573 a

In this study, we present the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel eugenol analogs aimed to overcome its limited bioavailability due to insolubility in aqueous media. Thus, we re-engineered eugenol using prodruginspired structural modifications to improve pharmacokinetic properties. First, we structurally modified eugenol and synthesized its natural amino acid conjugates as esters and carbamates. These were prepared in NBoc protected, free amine, and HCl salt forms. These modifications are expected to improve the polarity and solubility of eugenol congeners in biological systems. They can also release the parent eugenol through enzymatic hydrolysis, enhancing its therapeutic potential. Next, we comprehensively screened for these derivatives through in silico studies followed by in vitro and in vivo assays. These include DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 range: 37.7 to 103.7 mu M), inhibition of (i) alpha-amylase (IC50 23.1 to 67.3 mu M), (ii) alpha-glucosidase (IC50 43.6 to 50.4 mu M), (iii) glycation (IC50 31.9 to 110.3 mu M) along with pharmacokinetic profiling and toxicity assessments. These experiments collectively demonstrated improved activity of eugenol analogs for several important parameters. Specifically, six analogs-epoxy eugenol (39), hydroxy eugenol (43), aspartate eugenol (26), isoleucinate eugenol (24), glutamate eugenol (37), and glutamate-salt eugenol (27) exhibited superior bioavailability, absorption, and distribution over to the parent compound eugenol. These analogs were found to be non-toxic and safe for oral administration. Overall, the study establishes a mechanistic and rational framework for modifying eugenol to overcome its inherent biopharmaceutical limitations, positioning them as promising candidates for treating diabetes and glycation-related conditions.

10aAmino acid conjugates10aAntidiabetic activity10aBioavailability enhancement10aDrug design and synthesis10aEugenol analogs10aIn silico and in vitro studies1 aKataria, Priyanka1 aVairale, Shiva1 aMote, Chandrashekhar1 aJoshi, Kaustubh1 aJoshi, Rakesh1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aKontham, Ravindar1 aAgawane, Sachin, B. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-prodrug-inspired-eugenol-derivatives-enhanced-bioavailability-anti-diabetic-and-anti