02995nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245015500055210006900210260007100279300001400350490000600364520208400370653001502454653002402469653001602493653001402509653001602523653001502539100002102554700002502575700002402600856012902624       2015                        eng d  a1944-824400a3D polyaniline porous layer anchored pillared graphene sheets: enhanced interface joined with high conductivity for better charge storage applications0 a3D polyaniline porous layer anchored pillared graphene sheets en  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcAPR  a7661-76690 v73 a<p>Here, we report synthesis of a 3-dimensional (3D) porous polyaniline (PANI) anchored on pillared graphene (G-PANI-PA) as an efficient charge storage material for supercapacitor applications. Benzoic acid (BA) anchored graphene, having spatially separated graphene layers (G-Bz-COOH), was used as a structure controlling support whereas 3D PANI growth has been achieved by a simple chemical oxidation of aniline in the presence of phytic acid (PA). The BA groups on G-Bz-COOH play a critical role in preventing the restacking of graphene to achieve a high surface area of 472 m(2)/g compared to reduced graphene oxide (RGO, 290 m(2)/g). The carboxylic acid (-COOH) group controls the rate of polymerization to achieve a compact polymer structure with micropores whereas the chelating nature of PA plays a crucial role to achieve the 3D growth pattern of PANI. This type of controlled interplay helps G-PANI-PA to achieve a high conductivity of 3.74 S/cm all the while maintaining a high surface area of 330 m(2)/g compared to PANI-PA (0.4 S/cm and 60 m(2)/g). G-PANI-PA thus conceives the characteristics required for facile charge mobility during fast charge-discharge cycles, which results in a high specific capacitance of 652 F/g for the composite. Owing to the high surface area along with high conductivity, G-PANI-PA displays a stable specific capacitance of 547 F/g even with a high mass loading of 3 mg/cm(2), an enhanced areal capacitance of 1.52 F/cm(2), and a volumetric capacitance of 122 F/cm(3). The reduced charge-transfer resistance (RCT) of 0.67 O displayed by G-PANI-PA compared to pure PANI (0.79 O) stands out as valid evidence of the improved charge mobility achieved by the system by growing the 3D PANI layer along the spatially separated layers of the graphene sheets. The low RCT helps the system to display capacitance retention as high as 65% even under a high current dragging condition of 10 A/g. High charge/discharge rates and good cycling stability are the other highlights of the supercapacitor system derived from this composite material.</p>10adurability10aionic accessibility10aphytic acid10apillaring10apolyaniline10arestacking1 aSekar, Pandiaraj1 aAnothumakkool, Bihag1 aKurungot, Sreekumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/3d-polyaniline-porous-layer-anchored-pillared-graphene-sheets-enhanced-interface-joined-003112nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260007500243300001200318490000600330520215300336653003102489653002002520653003202540653001702572653002002589100002102609700002502630700002702655700002302682700002402705856012902729       2016                        eng d  a2196-021600aUnravelling the mechanism of electrochemical degradation of PANI in supercapacitors: achieving a feasible solution0 aUnravelling the mechanism of electrochemical degradation of PANI  aPOSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcJUN  a933-9420 v33 a<p>Herein, we have investigated the mode of electrochemical degradation of polyaniline (PANI) when it was utilized as electrodes for supercapacitors. The PANI-based electrodes in supercapacitor devices were biased at a constant potential of 0.80 V, and the performance characteristics and property changes were carefully investigated as a function of the difference in the polarity of the electrodes. Subsequent to this, the analysis of the individual electrodes [positive (POS-PANI) and negative (NEG-PANI)] shows that the degradation mainly occurs at POS-PANI in comparison to NEG-PANI. Moreover, NEG-PANI retains a maximum capacitance of 510 Fg(-1), with a low charge-transfer resistance (R-CT) of 1.84 Omega and similar redox behavior in comparison to the fresh PANI (f-PANI). In contrast to this case, POS-PANI shows significant loss in capacitance (250 Fg(-1)) and increase in R-CT (3.5 Omega) with a disappearance of the characteristic redox behavior normally displayed by PANI. Furthermore, the drastic drop in the electrical conductivity for POS-PANI (1.2 Scm(-1)) compared to f-PANI (3.4 Scm(-1) and NEG-PANI (2.4 Scm(-1)) shows that the degradation of PANI occurs mainly at the anode (POS-PANI) and, thus, contributes to reduce the net performance of the cell. Hence, to ensure this potential-induced degradation of PANI in supercapacitors and also to promote the system stability, we made an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) by keeping PANI as a negative electrode and using carbon as a positive electrode. The derived system is found to display stable capacitance behavior before and after the potential application, in contrast to the ASC fabricated by using conventional method, that is, by keeping PANI as the positive electrode and carbon as the negative electrode. Furthermore, the durability analysis of the prototype solid-state ASC shows an enhanced durability of 27000 cycles with excellent columbic efficiency. The findings of the present study will be helpful in the development of highly stable supercapacitors and other similar energy systems when a material like PANI should be utilized for the electrode applications.</p>10aasymmetric supercapacitors10acycle stability10aelectrochemical degradation10apolarization10aredox chemistry1 aSekar, Pandiaraj1 aAnothumakkool, Bihag1 aVijayakumar, Vidyanand1 aLohgaonkar, Apurva1 aKurungot, Sreekumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/unravelling-mechanism-electrochemical-degradation-pani-supercapacitors-achieving-feasible