01664nas a2200181   4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260000800143300000900151490000600160520115500166100001501321700001701336700001601353700001901369700001401388856008001402       2016                        eng d00aFate of inorganic nanoparticles in agriculture0 aFate of inorganic nanoparticles in agriculture  cJAN  a3-120 v73 a<p>In modern world, engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are increasingly becoming an important component of daily life. They are becoming an integral part of a wide range of man-made products including electronics, paints, biomedical products, sunscreens, clothing, automobiles, etc. Rapid progress in the manufacturing of ENPs and the subsequent increase in its commercial applications always have had an impact on agriculture due to the exposure of living things to these ENPs. Also, human beings are directly dependent on the plants because of their nutritional values. Hence, the impact of nanoparticles on agricultural soil and plants is always of topical interest. It is imperative to be aware of the effects of nanoparticles on soil as well as on the soil ecosystem it supports especially the soil microbes and plants; or more specifically whether they have an influence on the agricultural yield and agri-economy. It is also important to study the effects of man-made nanomaterials on the properties of agricultural soil. This work reviews some of the key features of the impact of ENPs on the environment and the fate of ENPs in agriculture.</p>1 aPhogat, N.1 aKhan, S., A.1 aShankar, S.1 aAnsary, A., A.1 aUddin, I.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/fate-inorganic-nanoparticles-agriculture02390nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260000800215300001200223490000600235520164400241100002101885700001601906700001401922700001501936700001701951700001501968700001201983700001701995700001802012856013002030       2016                        eng d00aRelevance of small laboratory animals as models in translational research: challenges and road ahead0 aRelevance of small laboratory animals as models in translational  cMAY  a198-2090 v63 aTranslational research using small laboratory animals is being done to demonstrate proof of concept, to study pharmacokinetics as well as to understand efficacy and safety of new drug molecules. During the evaluation of a drug candidate, the assessment of efficacy and safety is normally performed in different experiments using various animal models. In such experiments, efficacy is assessed by mimicking the disease state in animal model while safety is investigated in healthy animals. Inventing new drugs using biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches is becoming a major thrust area in drug research. Apart from this, the development of medicine from traditional knowledge like Ayurveda has emerged as major area for drug industry. Use of conventional in-vivo approaches may not prove useful to answer many questions. Transgenic/knock-out/knock-in animals are now getting space in pharmaceutical research for target identification and validation. Predictability of in-vivo research depends on scientific protocols and methods adopted for model selection and development. Various alternative approaches for in-vivo research are being followed. It is a fact that no animal model is 100 % capable of mimicking the complex human body but still, researchers have not yet found any alternative model which can completely replace in-vivo models. This review is a holistic approach explaining the various animal models being used for translational research, animal ethical issues, alternative approaches available and provides a critical analysis of major issues/challenges faced in translational research using in-vivo approaches. 1 aSiddiqui, E., A.1 aJagdale, P.1 aAhire, K.1 aJadhav, S.1 aKhan, S., A.1 aBhosle, S.1 aPal, A.1 aJamdagni, P.1 aChaudhari, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/relevance-small-laboratory-animals-models-translational-research-challenges-and-road-ahead04502nas a2200169   4500008004100000020002000041245014000061210006900201260005200270300001200322520380200334100001404136700001704150700002004167700001904187856012604206       2017                        eng d  a978-331951619-600aBiotechnological interventions to modulate terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in catharanthus roseus using in vitro tools and approaches0 aBiotechnological interventions to modulate terpenoid indole alka  a SwitzerlandbSpringer International Publishing  a247-2753 a<p>Catharanthus roseus plant is valued for harboring more than 130 bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) including the two of its leaf derived bisindole alkaloids-vinblastine and vincristine which are indispensible constituents of antineoplastic drugs used in metastatic malignancy associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia's and Hodgkin's/Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The extremely low in planta occurrence of TIAs in C. roseus plants resulting in high commercial demand and exorbitant price have brought this herb in focus of an intense scientific scrutiny in last 30 years. Research efforts have so far advanced in two major directions: towards understanding the enzymology and genetic regulation of the concerned metabolic pathway(s) leading to TIAs biosynthesis in plant and, secondly, exploring the possibility of developing cell/tissue culture based platforms for in vitro TIAs production to meet the industry's demand. Designing plants, free from such metabolic constraints, can be a possible approach to enhance the production of plant based medicines. This subject of plant metabolic engineering is gaining lot of attention these days. Pathway manipulation using the modern tools of genetic engineering to over-express a limiting enzyme or to suppress the expression of an enzyme using a shared substrate of a branched pathway are attractive options of metabolic engineering for diverting the metabolic flux towards the synthesis of a desired end product. Knowledge, thus gained, indicates that TIAs biogenetic route is characterized by extensive metabolic cross-talk and shuttling of at least 35 intermediates synthesized via 30 enzymatic reactions occurring in four different types of tissues (epidermis, internal phloem parenchyma, idioblasts and leticifers) and five different sub-cellular compartments (cytosol, vacuole, thyllakoid membrane, nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum). The complexity is further compounded by extremely high level of recalcitrancy of C. roseus plant for regeneration and Agrobacterium- mediated genetic transformation for pathway engineering. As a consequence, all genetic modulation efforts so far made in C. roseus are confined to cell suspension and transformed hairy root cultures that lack the required level of cyto- and tissue- differentiation essential for the expression of entire TIAs pathway genes and enzymes. A perusal of published work in C. roseus clearly suggests that inspite of several pathway manipulation/engineering attempts, the level of TIAs production in cell/tissue/hairy root cultures of this herb could never be enhanced to the level of expectations. The enzymatic, developmental and environmental rigidity/complexi- ties associated with the biosynthetic pathway of these alkaloids have often been cited as possible reasons for these disappointing outcomes Therefore, three major areas of investigation are in focused attention of Catharanthus researchers' the world over are: (1) how to select or design the starting cells or tissue(s) to realize the full potential of applying metabolic engineering tools for up-regulating the TIAs pathway in them; (2) how to overcome the strong recalcitrancy of Catharanthus plant tissues for de novo organogenesis and in vitro plant regeneration for whole plant-level expression of a transgene coding either for a limiting pathway enzyme or a transcription factor that can control the global expression of several pathway genes and, (3) how to overcome the inability of non-differentiated cell cultures to execute those pathway steps that are expressed only in specialized tissues/cells of C. roseus plants. Various biotechnological approaches and generation of novel tissue types have been discussed in the present chapter for the modulation and increased TIAs flux in C. Roseus.</p>
1 aVerma, P.1 aKhan, S., A.1 aParasharami, V.1 aMathur, A., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biotechnological-interventions-modulate-terpenoid-indole-alkaloid-pathway-catharanthus