01433nas a2200121   4500008004100000245004800041210004700089260001400136300001200150520104700162100001901209856008301228       2017                        eng d00aMetal-catalyzed condensation polymerization0 aMetalcatalyzed condensation polymerization  bCRC Press  a203-2203 a<p>Conjugated polymers are semiconducting materials and an integral component of solar cells and other optoelectronic gadgets, which are important as environment-friendly devices. Conjugated polymers are less expensive than inorganic materials and are easy to process, hence several synthetic methods have been developed based on transition metal-catalyzed polycondensation involving sp2 -sp2 C-C bond formation for their production. The coupling reaction between monomers involves the following steps: (a) metal-catalyzed oxidative addition (as presented in Chapter 1) across the C-X bond of the monomer; (b) transmetallation with a main group organometallic compound; and (c) reductive elimination (as presented in Chapter 1) yielding the C-C bond formation and regeneration of the active catalyst, which are typical in a C-C bond formation catalyzed by organometallic complex (Figure 7.1). 1 The reactions are characterized by mild conditions, tolerance to many functional groups, and possibility of synthesizing regioregular polymers.</p>1 aAmbade, A., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metal-catalyzed-condensation-polymerization02857nas a2200145   4500008004100000020002000041022002000061245006300081210006200144260001400206300001200220520236200232100001902594856009802613       2017                        eng d  a978-149876758-3  a978-149876757-600aRing-opening polymerization and metathesis polymerizations0 aRingopening polymerization and metathesis polymerizations  bCRC Press  a137-1603 aAliphatic polyesters are important industrial polymers that have applications as fibers, coatings, bulk packaging materials, and films. Their biodegradable nature makes them an environmentally friendly alternative to the nondegradable plastics. 1 Copolymers of lactide and trimethylene carbonate (TMC) are used as thermoplastic elastomers and biomaterials for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, as biodegradable devices for bone fracture repair and sutures. The monomer for poly(lactic acid) (PLA), d, l-lactide is a dimer of lactic acid (LA), which is produced from natural sources such as a starch or sugar via bacterial fermentation of D-glucose. 2 Hence, production of poly(lactide) is environmentally friendly. Manufacturing of PLA has become profitable over the years. Natureworks LLC, a joint venture between Cargill and Teijen Limited, set up a 300 million pounds per year PLA production plant and sells PLA under the trade name Ingeo™, which is produced in isotactic form by a carbon neutral process. Its physical properties are similar to polyolefins and polystyrene. 3 The polycondensation route for PLA is undesirable since it is difficult to produce high molecular weight polymer, making ring-opening polymerization (ROP) the method of choice. In this chapter, ROP toward sustainable polymers such as PLA and poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) only will be discussed. ROP is a living polymerization, that is, it shows fast initiation and minimal termination and transfer reactions, however it follows step-growth kinetics. Polydispersity is usually low but can be influenced by trans-esterification reactions and is of concern while making block copolymers. The thermodynamic driving force for the polymerization is 138the relief of ring strain, which helps to overcome the high entropy values (Lactide: δS = 25.0 J mol-1 K-1; ε-CL: δS = 53.9 J mol-1 K-1). 4 ROP performed using metal catalysts that operate through cationic mechanism do not yield high molecular weight polymer desirable for practical applications. Therefore immortal ROP that follows chain-transfer pathway and involves a catalyst and a nucleophile (either part of the catalyst or externally added) that acts simultaneously as the initiator and chain-transfer agent (CTA), was developed as an efficient alternative to the classical living cationic polymerization.1 aAmbade, A., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ring-opening-polymerization-and-metathesis-polymerizations02420nas a2200157   4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260000800245520179200253100001502045700001802060700001902078700001902097700001802116856012802134       2019                        eng d00aAmphiphilic glycopolypeptide star copolymer-based cross-linked nanocarriers for targeted and dual-stimuli-responsive drug delivery0 aAmphiphilic glycopolypeptide star copolymerbased crosslinked nan  cJAN3 aGlycopolypeptide-based nanocarriers are an attractive class of drug delivery vehicles because of the involvement of carbohydrates in the receptor-mediated endocytosis process. To enhance their efficacy toward controlled and programmable drug delivery, we have prepared stable glycopolypeptide-based bioactive dual-stimuli-responsive (redox and enzyme) micelles for delivery of anticancer drugs specifically to the cancer cells. The amphiphilic biocompatible miktoarm star copolymer, which comprises two hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) blocks, a short poly(propargyl glycine) middle block, and a hydrophilic galactose glycopolypeptide block, was designed and synthesized. The star copolymer is initially self-assembled into un-cross-linked (UCL) micelles, and free alkyne groups at the core–shell interface of the UCL micelles, which were cross-linked by bis(azidoethyl) disulfide (BADS) via click chemistry to form interface cross-linked (ICL) micelles. ICL micelles were found to be stable against dilution. BADS imparted redox-responsive properties to the micelles, while PCL rendered them enzyme-degradable. Dual-stimuli-responsive release behavior with Dox as model drug was studied individually as well as synergistically by applying two stimuli in different sequences. The galactose-containing UCL and ICL micelles were shown to be nontoxic. Intracellular Dox release from UCL and ICL micelles was demonstrated in liver cancer cells (HepG2) by time-dependent cellular uptake studies, and controlled release from ICL micelles compared to UCL micelles was observed. The present report opens a new approach toward targeted and programmable drug delivery in tumor tissues via a specifically targeted (receptor-mediated), dual-responsive, and stable cross-linked nanocarrier system.1 aPandey, B.1 aPatil, N., G.1 aBhosle, G., S.1 aAmbade, A., V.1 aGupta, S., S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/amphiphilic-glycopolypeptide-star-copolymer-based-cross-linked-nanocarriers-targeted-and