02648nas a2200217   4500008004100000245016900041210006900210260000800279300002400287490000600311520182800317100002102145700002002166700001802186700002102204700002302225700001902248700001702267700001902284856012702303       2018                        eng d00aIntegrative approaches to understand the Mastery in manipulation of host cytokine networks by protozoan parasites with emphasis on Plasmodium and Leishmania species0 aIntegrative approaches to understand the Mastery in manipulation  cFEB  aArticle Number: 2960 v93 acDiseases by protozoan pathogens pose a significant public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries, where these are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Protozoan pathogens tend to establish chronic infections underscoring their competence at subversion of host immune processes, an important component of disease pathogenesis and of their virulence. Modulation of cytokine and chemokine levels, their crosstalks and downstream signaling pathways, and thereby influencing recruitment and activation of immune cells is crucial to immune evasion and subversion. Many protozoans are now known to secrete effector molecules that actively modulate host immune transcriptome and bring about alterations in host epigenome to alter cytokine levels and signaling. The complexity of multi-dimensional events during interaction of hosts and protozoan parasites ranges from microscopic molecular levels to macroscopic ecological and epidemiological levels that includes disrupting metabolic pathways, cell cycle (Toxoplasma and Theileria sp.), respiratory burst, and antigen presentation (Leishmania spp.) to manipulation of signaling hubs. This requires an integrative systems biology approach to combine the knowledge from all these levels to identify the complex mechanisms of protozoan evolution via immune escape during host-parasite coevolution. Considering the diversity of protozoan parasites, in this review, we have focused on Leishmania and Plasmodium infections. Along with the biological understanding, we further elucidate the current efforts in generating, integrating, and modeling of multi-dimensional data to explain the modulation of cytokine networks by these two protozoan parasites to achieve their persistence in host via immune escape during host-parasite coevolution.1 aMahanta, Anusree1 aGanguli, Piyali1 aBarah, Pankaj1 aSarkar, Ram, Rup1 aSarmah, Neelanjana1 aPhukan, Saurav1 aBora, Mayuri1 aBaruah, Shashi  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/integrative-approaches-understand-mastery-manipulation-host-cytokine-networks-protozoan