01987nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260009000226300001000316490000700326520103300333653002701366653001701393653001901410653002201429653001901451653001901470100002301489700001501512700002901527700001901556700001901575856012701594       2013                        eng d  a0021-961400aHydrate phase equilibrium of ternary gas mixtures containing carbon dioxide, hydrogen and propane0 aHydrate phase equilibrium of ternary gas mixtures containing car  a24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLANDbACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJUN  a58-630 v613 a<p>Hydrate phase equilibrium of the ternary guest mixtures containing carbon dioxide, hydrogen and propane at two different compositions were determined. Addition of mole composition of 2.5% propane to the fuel gas (CO2 (40%)/H-2 (60%)) mixture reduces the hydrate formation conditions by 66% at the temperature of 278.4 K. A Clausius-Clapeyron plot for the experimental results was plotted and from the slope, the enthalpy of hydrate dissociation was calculated. The enthalpy of dissociation of the mixed hydrate formed from a ternary gas mixture containing mole composition 38.1% CO2, 59.4% H-2 and 2.5% C3H8 was found to be 110 kJ.mol(-1) and hence it was concluded that the mixed hydrate formed structure II (sII) hydrates. Whereas for the ternary gas mixture containing mole composition 80.0% CO2, 18.8% H-2, and 1.2% C3H8, the enthalpy of dissociation of the mixed hydrate was found to be 78 kJ.mol(-1) and hence we believe the mixed hydrate formed structure I (sI) hydrate. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCarbon dioxide capture10aGas hydrates10aGlobal warming10aPhase equilibrium10aPre-combustion10aThermodynamics1 aBabu, Ponnivalavan1 aYang, Ting1 aVeluswamy, Hari, Prakash1 aKumar, Rajnish1 aLinga, Praveen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hydrate-phase-equilibrium-ternary-gas-mixtures-containing-carbon-dioxide-hydrogen-and-002186nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260009900215300001200314490000800326520131600334653001501650653001701665653002201682653002101704653001401725653002101739100002901760700001901789700001901808856011701827       2014                        eng d  a0306-261900aHydrogen storage in clathrate hydrates: Current state of the art and future directions0 aHydrogen storage in clathrate hydrates Current state of the art   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJUN  a112-1320 v1223 a<p>Hydrogen is looked upon as the next generation clean energy carrier, search for an efficient material and method for storing hydrogen has been pursued relentlessly. Improving hydrogen storage capacity to meet DOE targets has been challenging and research efforts are continuously put forth to achieve the set targets and to make hydrogen storage a commercially realizable process. This review comprehensively summarizes the state of the art experimental work conducted on the storage of hydrogen as hydrogen clathrates both at the molecular level and macroscopic level. It identifies future directions and challenges for this exciting area of research. Hydrogen storage capacities of different clathrate structures - sI, sII, sH, sVI and semi clathrates have been compiled and presented. In addition, promising new approaches for increasing hydrogen storage capacity have been described. Future directions for achieving increased hydrogen storage and process scale up have been outlined. Despite few limitations in storing hydrogen in the form of clathrates, this domain receives prominent attention due to more environmental-friendly method of synthesis, easy recovery of molecular hydrogen with minimum energy requirement, and improved safety of the process. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aClathrates10aGas hydrates10aHydrogen hydrates10aHydrogen storage10aPromoters10aStorage capacity1 aVeluswamy, Hari, Prakash1 aKumar, Rajnish1 aLinga, Praveen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hydrogen-storage-clathrate-hydrates-current-state-art-and-future-directions-002289nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260006900222300001200291490000800303520126100311653001901572653002201591653001701613653002401630653002001654653002701674100002901701700002601730700002301756700001901779700002601798700002601824700001901850856013001869       2016                        eng d  a1385-894700aRapid methane hydrate formation to develop a cost effective large scale energy storage system0 aRapid methane hydrate formation to develop a cost effective larg  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcAPR  a161-1730 v2903 a<p>Natural gas (NG) is the cleanest burning fossil fuel and its usage can significantly reduce CO2 emissions from power plants. With its widespread use, there is an ever increasing need to develop technologies to store NG on a large scale. NG storage via clathrate hydrates is the best option for a large scale storage system because of its non-explosive nature, mild storage conditions, high volumetric capacity and being an environmentally benign process. In this work, we demonstrate a new method to achieve rapid methane hydrate formation in an unstirred tank reactor configuration (UTR) at moderate temperature and pressure conditions employing tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a promoter. For the first time, THF is reported to act both as a thermodynamic and an excellent kinetic promoter for methane hydrate formation. We demonstrate a multi-scale experimental validation of our method to a volumetric sample scale-up factor of 120 and internal reactor diameter scale-up factor of 10. Further, new insights on the dissociation behavior of the hydrates are reported. There is a competitive edge for storing NG via clathrate hydrates compared to compressed natural gas storage both in terms of cost and safety. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aEnergy storage10aEnhanced kinetics10aGas hydrates10aNatural gas storage10aTetrahydrofuran10aUnstirred tank reactor1 aVeluswamy, Hari, Prakash1 aWong, Alison, Jia Hui1 aBabu, Ponnivalavan1 aKumar, Rajnish1 aKulprathipanja, Santi1 aRangsunvigit, Pramoch1 aLinga, Praveen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/rapid-methane-hydrate-formation-develop-cost-effective-large-scale-energy-storage-system-0