02808nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245014300055210006900198260000800267300001100275490000800286520184800294653002302142653001902165653002402184653001702208653001502225653001702240100001902257700001802276700002302294700001602317700001902333700002202352700001902374856012502393       2023                        eng d  a0048-969700aSpatio-temporal variation of the microbiome and resistome repertoire along an anthropogenically dynamic segment of the Ganges River, India0 aSpatiotemporal variation of the microbiome and resistome reperto  cMAY  a1621250 v8723 a<p>
	Aquatic ecosystems are regarded as a hub of antibiotic and metal resistance genes. River Ganges is a unique riverine system in India with socio-cultural and economic significance. However, it remains underexplored for its microbiome and associated resistomes along its anthropogenically impacted course. The present study utilized a nanopore sequenc-ing approach to depict the microbial community structure in the sediments of the river Ganges harboring antibiotic and metal resistance genes (A/MRGs) in lower stretches known for anthropogenic impact. Comprehensive microbiome analyses revealed resistance genes against 23 different types of metals and 28 classes of antibiotics. The most dominant ARG category was multidrug resistance, while the most prevalent MRGs conferred resistance against copper and zinc. Seasonal differences dismally affected the microbiota of the Ganges. However, resistance genes for fosmidomycin and tetracycline varied with season ANOVA, p &lt; 0.05. Interestingly, 333 and 334 ARG subtypes were observed at all the locations in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, respectively. The taxa associated with the dominant ARGs and MRGs were Pseudomonas and Burkholderia, which are important nosocomial pathogens. A substantial phage diversity for pathogenic and putrefying bacteria at all locations attracts attention for its use to tackle the dissemination of antibiotic and metal-resistant bacteria. This study suggests the accumulation of antibiotics and metals as the driving force for the emergence of resistance genes and the affiliated bacteria trafficking them. The present metagenomic as-sessment highlights the need for comprehensive, long-term biological and physicochemical monitoring and mitigation strategies toward the contaminants associated with ARGs and MRGs in this nationally important river.</p>
10aAntibiotics (ARGs)10aBacteriophages10aHeavy metals (MRGs)10aMetagenomics10aMicrobiome10aRiver Ganges1 aSamson, Rachel1 aRajput, Vinay1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aShah, Manan1 aDastager, Syed1 aKhairnar, Krishna1 aDharne, Mahesh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/spatio-temporal-variation-microbiome-and-resistome-repertoire-along-anthropogenically02874nas a2200229   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160260000800229490000700237520206500244653001902309653002302328653001502351653002602366653002302392100001902415700001902434700001902453700002202472700001902494856013102513       2025                        eng d00aDeciphering the comprehensive microbiome of glacier-fed Ganges and functional aspects: implications for one health0 aDeciphering the comprehensive microbiome of glacierfed Ganges an  cAUG0 v133 a<p>
	Glacier-fed rivers are significant ecological components of the river catchments, yet their microbial diversity and the associated antimicrobial potential remain underexplored. The Ganges is a glacier-fed river of immense cultural, religious, and ecological significance that supports over 400 million people downstream, providing essential water for agriculture, industry, and daily use. Despite its importance, the microbial community composition and antimicrobial potential, across its relatively pristine origin, remain largely underexplored. One possible explanation for this could be the lower microbial load in the upstream glacier-fed region, which likely results in a reduced DNA yield, insufficient for whole-metagenome sequencing, in contrast to the more biologically diverse and nutrient-rich lower reaches. In this study, we developed an efficient DNA extraction and amplification method using low-input DNA to sequence the microbiome from sediments of the glacier-fed Ganges River in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon over 2 years. Taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial and viral (phage) communities were analyzed, together with the seasonal variations in their composition. Significant differences in microbial communities were observed in response to seasonal shifts (P &lt; 0.05). During the dry season, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were predominant, while Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were abundant post-monsoon (P &lt; 0.05). The microbiome harbors potential for the biosynthesis of streptomycin, phenylpropanoid, penicillin, and cephalosporins. Bacteriophages from Podoviridae, Myoviridae, and Siphoviridae showed lytic potential against putrefying and pathogenic bacteria. This first comprehensive study on the glacier-fed Ganges River highlights significant seasonal shifts in microbial diversity. The initial insights into the functional profile of the bacterial and phage diversity offer opportunities to explore various natural compounds and enzymes to tackle antimicrobial resistance under the one-health canopy.</p>
10aBacteriophages10aglacier-fed-Ganges10aMicrobiome10aSecondary metabolites10aspecial properties1 aSamson, Rachel1 aKumar, Shubham1 aDastager, Syed1 aKhairnar, Krishna1 aDharne, Mahesh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/deciphering-comprehensive-microbiome-glacier-fed-ganges-and-functional-aspects-implications