03028nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260000800219300001200227490000800239520232400247100001902571700002002590700001702610700001402627700001802641700001602659700002202675856012502697       2018                        eng d00aClose loop separation process for the recovery of Co, Cu, Mn, Fe and Li from spent lithium-ion batteries0 aClose loop separation process for the recovery of Co Cu Mn Fe an  cJUL  a327-3340 v2003 aLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential energy source used in advanced electronic gadgets for getting constant and continuous power supply. Huge amount of spent LIBs are generated after their end use. LIBs contain metals, organics and plastics which require proper treatment before disposal. Keeping in view of stringent environmental regulations, limited natural resources and energy crisis, adopting recycling will not only protect the environment and pacify the gap between demand and supply but also conserve the natural resources. Present paper reports a complete process for the recycling of LIBs to recover metals and materials as value added products fulfilling zero waste concept. Initially, the spent LIBs were crushed and beneficiated by wet scrubbing process to separate cathodic material, plastic and metallic fractions. The cathodic material contained 20% Co and 2.4% Li along with other impurities (Mn, Fe, Cu). The cathodic material obtained from different LIBs were homogenized and put to leaching studies to optimize various process parameters viz. effect of leachant concentration, temperature, time, etc. About 97% Co and 99.99% Li were leached using 2 M H2SO4 and 10% H2O2 at room temperature, in 2 h maintaining pulp density 75 g/L. Kinetics for leaching of Co fitted well with Chemical reaction control dense constant size cylindrical particles model, i.e. 1 - (1 - X)(1/2) = Kct. The leach liquor obtained was further processed to recover Mn and Fe using (NH4)(2)S2O8 as a precipitant whereas 99.99% Cu was extracted using LIX 84 IC at eq. pH 2, O/A ratio 1/1 and mixing time 5 min. Further, from the leach liquor depleted with Mn, Fe and Cu, similar to 98% Co was extracted using 20% Cyanex 272 at pH 4.8 in 10 min maintaining phase ratio (O/A) 1/1 in two stages, leaving Li in the raffinate. From the pure Co solution, value added products as metal and salt were produced using electrowinning/evaporation/precipitation techniques. The TCLP test of leached residue shows the presence of metals within permissible limit and the effluent generated was treated in an effluent treatment plant (ETP) with standard procedure and recycled to the system. The developed clean process is economical as well as environment friendly and has potential to be translated in industry after scale-up studies.1 aDutta, Deblina1 aKumari, Archana1 aPanda, Rekha1 aJha, Soni1 aGupta, Divika1 aGoel, Sudha1 aJha, Manis, Kumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/close-loop-separation-process-recovery-co-cu-mn-fe-and-li-spent-lithium-ion-batteries02181nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000800247300001100255490000800266520133300274653001301607653001301620653002201633653001901655653001801674653001501692100002301707700002001730700002701750700002001777856013001797       2022                        eng d  a0031-942200aCharacterized constituents of insect herbivore oral secretions and their influence on the regulation of plant defenses0 aCharacterized constituents of insect herbivore oral secretions a  cJAN  a1130080 v1933 aFor more than 350 million years, there have been ongoing dynamic interactions between plants and insects. In several cases, insects cause-specific feeding damage with ensuing herbivore-associated molecular patterns that invoke characteristic defense responses. During feeding on plant tissue, insects release oral secretions (OSs) containing a repertoire of molecules affecting plant defense (effectors). Some of these OS components might elicit a defense response to combat insect attacks (elicitors), while some might curb the plant defenses (suppressors). Few reports suggest that the synthesis and function of OS components might depend on the host plant and associated microorganisms. We review these intricate plant-insect interactions, during which there is a continuous exchange of molecules between plants and feeding insects along with the associated microorganisms. We further provide a list of commonly identified inducible plant produced defensive molecules released upon insect attack as well as in response to OS treatments of the plants. Thus, we describe how plants specialized and defense-related metabolism is modulated at innumerable phases by OS during plant-insect interactions. A molecular understanding of these complex interactions will provide a means to design eco-friendly crop protection strategies.10aEffector10aElicitor10aHerbivore insects10aOral secretion10aPlant defense10aSuppressor1 aKallure, Gopal, S.1 aKumari, Archana1 aShinde, Balkrishna, A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/characterized-constituents-insect-herbivore-oral-secretions-and-their-influence-regulation02303nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260000900239300001200248490000700260520154200267653001301809653002201822653001801844653000801862653001001870100002201880700001901902700002001921856013201941       2025                        eng d  a1559-231600aCharacterization of wound-induced electrical signals and reactive oxygen species in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)0 aCharacterization of woundinduced electrical signals and reactive  cDEC   a25679300 v203 a<p>
	Mechanical damage to plants triggers both localized and systemic responses that activate plant defense mechanisms. Early signaling events include calcium (Ca2+) flux, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and electrical alterations. These signals coordinate downstream defense pathways, enabling plant acclimation to biotic stress. Electrical signaling following wounding/herbivory has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis; however, its dynamics in crop plants such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum) are not well understood. The pattern of the SWP in chickpea was similar to that in Arabidopsis but with a longer repolarization phase and was detectable only within the leaflets. The signals generated by damaging the leaflet were more pronounced, propagated bidirectionally and varied between herbivore-susceptible and tolerant chickpea varieties. The SWP duration is correlated with increased expression of AOS and OPR3 transcripts, which are markers of the stress hormone JA. Additionally, ROS production in wounded chickpea leaflets is associated with increased expression of ROS-generating genes. The use of DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, which is responsible for ROS production, inhibited SWP, suggesting the crucial role of ROS in wound-induced SWP. This study provides insight into the interplay between wound-induced electrical signaling and ROS production in chickpea and proposes the measurement of electrical signals as a rapid, noninvasive approach for screening crop cultivars for pest susceptibility and tolerance.</p>
10aChickpea10aElectrical signal10aPlant defense10aROS10awound1 aDeshpande, Shweta1 aPawar, Shivani1 aKumari, Archana  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/characterization-wound-induced-electrical-signals-and-reactive-oxygen-species-chickpea-cicer