02308nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015100041210006900192260000800261300001200269490000800281520165500289100002601944700002601970700002301996856013102019 2017 eng d00aBiology and development of xanthopimpla pedator (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae): pupal endoparasitoid of antheraea mylitta (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)0 aBiology and development of xanthopimpla pedator hymenoptera ichn cNOV a544-5500 v1103 aThe Antheraea mylitta (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a commercially important species for the production of tasar silk. However, the Xanthopimpla pedator (F.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a major pupal endoparasitoid of A. mylitta, which affects the total tasar silk production in India. A gravid female X. pedator parasitizes the pupae of A. mylitta by depositing an egg, which produces a single offspring per host. We studied the development of immature forms of X. pedator by dissecting parasitized pupae of A. mylitta under laboratory conditions at 28-30 degrees C and 40-60% relative humidity. All immature stages of the parasitoid develop within the host in 20-22 d, by devouring the entire pupal content, resulting in dead or seedless cocoons. The total life cycle of X. pedator is completed inside the host pupa and the adult emerges out by rupturing the peduncle end of the cocoon. During development of X. pedator, five preimaginal stages, viz., egg, larval instars, prepupa, pupa, and a pharate adult, were observed. Xanthopimpla pedator passes through five larval instars identified by structural and morphometric variations. These include primary larva (L1), the intermediate larvae (L2-L4), and the finalinstar larva (L5). Biometric study and larval head width permitted the morphological separation of all five larval instars. In the present study, the biology and development of X. pedator inside the pupa of A. mylitta are reported for the first time with detailed photomicrographs. Therefore, the study may enable the information concerning physiological interactions between A. mylitta and its endoparasitoid, X. pedator.1 aGathalkar, Ganesh, B.1 aBarsagade, Deepak, D.1 aSen, Avalokiteswar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biology-and-development-xanthopimpla-pedator-hymenoptera-ichneumonidae-pupal-endoparasitoid02551nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260000900193300001600202490000700218520191800225100002302143700001802166700002102184700002602205700002902231856010902260 2020 eng d00aBlends of neem oil based polyesteramide as nanofiber mats to control Culicidae0 aBlends of neem oil based polyesteramide as nanofiber mats to con cNOV  a42827-428370 v103 a

Mosquitoes act as vectors for several disease-causing microorganisms and pose a threat to mankind by transmitting various diseases. There are different conventional methods to repel or kill these mosquitoes for avoiding susceptibility against infections. However, to overcome the difficulties with conventional methods, new advanced materials are being studied. For the first time, we report developing a nanofiber mat with a controlled release of insecticide to repel or detain the mosquitoes. Briefly, various blend compositions were prepared by manipulating the ratio of neem oil-based polyesteramide (PEA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) immobilized with insecticide, transfluthrin (Tf). The blend solutions were electrospun to get non-woven nanofiber mats, and these nanomaterials were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques to understand their physicochemical properties. The surface morphology was analyzed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (E-SEM), and the diameter of the nanofibers was in the range of 200 to 450 nm. Further, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated to understand the stability of nanofiber mats. In vitro drug release studies of nanofiber mat PPT-1335 showed controlled and sustained release of Tf, with similar to 35% of Tf released in 24 h. However, a film of the same composition (PPT-1335) showed similar to 5% of Tf release within 24 h. Moreover, in vivo bio-efficacy studies suggested the mortality of mosquitoes was about 50% with PP-133, which was further increased to 100% within 12 h in the presence of Tf (PPT-1335). However, 60% mortality of mosquitoes was observed with the film of PPT-1335. Hence, the nanofiber mat showed better efficacy against mosquitoes as compared to the film of the same composition. The degradation studies under various conditions revealed biocompatibility of the developed nanofiber mats with the ecosystem.

1 aKonchada, Sravanya1 aKilli, Naresh1 aSayyad, Shahebaz1 aGathalkar, Ganesh, B.1 aGundloori, Rathna, V. N. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/blends-neem-oil-based-polyesteramide-nanofiber-mats-control-culicidae01750nas a2200229 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260000800191300001600199490000600215520098800221100002501209700001801234700001701252700002501269700002601294700003001320700001801350700002301368700002101391856010801412 2021 eng d00aIdentification of a novel series of potent organosilicon mosquito repellents0 aIdentification of a novel series of potent organosilicon mosquit cNOV a31236-312430 v63 aMosquito control by personal protection is one of the most efficient ways of curtailing deadly diseases such as malaria and dengue with the potential to save millions of lives per year. DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzamide) is currently considered as the gold standard for mosquito repellents, being used for the past several decades. Control by DEET, however, is being threatened by emerging resistance among mosquitoes. To address this concern and also to improve protection times, we synthesized a novel series of 25 silicon-containing acyl piperidines using acid–amine coupling protocol and tested their activity against Aedes aegypti in mosquito-repellent assays. Several compounds from this series appear to possess good mosquito-repellent properties. Most notably, at 0.5 mg/cm2 concentrations, the mean protection time for NDS100100 was 756 min, which was higher than that of DEET (616 min). The details of design, synthesis, and biological evaluation are discussed herein.1 aKulkarni, Akshay, S.1 aRamesh, Remya1 aWalia, Safal1 aSayyad, Shahebaz, I.1 aGathalkar, Ganesh, B.1 aBalamkundu, Seetharamsing1 aJoshi, Manali1 aSen, Avalokiteswar1 aReddy, Srinivasa uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/identification-novel-series-potent-organosilicon-mosquito-repellents02086nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000800247300000700255490000700262520120300269653001501472653002201487653002101509653001801530653001901548100002201567700001501589700002301604700002101627700001901648700002601667856012701693 2024 eng d a0334-212300aNew record of larval-pupal endoparasitoid Exorista deligata parasitising Indian Tea looper Hyposidra talaca from India0 aNew record of larvalpupal endoparasitoid Exorista deligata paras cMAR a230 v523 a

This is the first record of Exorista deligata (Pandell & eacute;, 1896) (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a parasitoid of Hyposidra talaca (Walker, 1860) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from India. H. talaca is a major and new emerging defoliator of the Tea plant Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze (Theaceae). It completes multiple generations per year without diapause on C. sinensis, resulting in heavy crop loss. The field-collected larvae/pupa of H. talaca were checked for parasitoid infestations and reared until either the host or parasitoid emerged. The parasitoid was identified as E. deligata with morphological characteristics and confirmed by the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit-I (COX-CO1) gene sequencing technique. The parasitoid is infrequent with unexplored parasitic biology. It parasitises the larva and completes its lifecycle inside the developing H. talaca by entirely devouring the host. The mean percent parasitisation caused by E. deligata studied herein was 25.4% (range 5.88%-57.69%). Based on its parasitisation ability, we suggest the species could be a potential biological control agent to address the damage mitigation caused by the tea looper pest, H. talaca.

10aBiocontrol10aExorista deligata10aHyposidra talaca10aInvasive pest10aParasitisation1 aSharma, Pooja, V.1 aDas, Tamal1 aMukherjee, Susmita1 aPathan, Ejaj, K.1 aRahman, Azizur1 aGathalkar, Ganesh, B. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/new-record-larval-pupal-endoparasitoid-exorista-deligata-parasitising-indian-tea-looper02957nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260000900207300000800216490000700224520205000231653001402281653003102295653002402326653002302350653002102373653002002394653002902414653003002443653002802473100002102501700002602522700002102548856011002569 2026 eng d a0959-399300aEndophytic entomopathogenic fungi: the next frontier in mycological biocontrol0 aEndophytic entomopathogenic fungi the next frontier in mycologic cJUN  a3330 v423 a

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides. However, high costs, the instability of the formulations, sensitivity to environmental factors and variability in virulence limit adoption by farmers. We argue that these problems can be overcome by using EPF strains established as endophytes. The ability of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi (EEPF) to modulate the release of volatiles to attract the predators of insect pests positions them as dual-purpose biocontrol agents in agriculture. As endophytes, these fungi are persistent, lowering the costs for pest control. Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi can also promote plant growth and improve tolerance to abiotic stress. Research on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tissue colonization by EEPF, their persistence in plants and virulence towards insects suggests that EEPF acquire virulence factors and metabolic versatility through horizontal gene transfer from plants. Therefore, establishing and maintaining EPF as endophytes within plants may compensate for the loss of virulence associated with repeated in vitro subculturing of EPF on artificial media. However, despite these potential advantages of EEPF, challenges still remain, such as variability in endophytic colonization under field conditions, host specificity, ecological risks, and scalability. This review critically evaluates these limitations, focusing on well-studied genera, such as Metarhizium, Beauveria, and Lecanicillium, and outlines future directions for improving the reliability of the application of EEPF. By integrating ecological, molecular, and applied perspectives, we provide a comprehensive and updated framework that positions EEPF as next-generation biocontrol agents in sustainable agriculture.Graphical AbstractEndophytic entomopathogenic fungi protect plants by infecting insect pests and emitting volatiles to attract the natural predators of insect pests. They also promote plant growth by improving the nitrogen fixation and nutrient cycling

10a10aBeauveria10aMetarhizium10aBiological control10aEndophytic fungi10aEntomopathogens10ahorizontal gene transfer10aPlant-fungus interactions10aSustainable agriculture1 aPatil, Karan, S.1 aGathalkar, Ganesh, B.1 aPathan, Ejaj, K. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/endophytic-entomopathogenic-fungi-next-frontier-mycological-biocontrol02507nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245020400055210006900259260000800328300001200336490000700348520158400355653002201939653001901961653001901980653003301999653001902032653001902051100002602070700001802096700002602114856012502140 2026 eng d a1431-927600aMorphological characteristics of antennal microstructure and its ecological significance in xanthopimpla pedator (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae: pimplinae): insights into cocoon-concealed host detection0 aMorphological characteristics of antennal microstructure and its cFEB aozag0060 v323 a

Xanthopimpla pedator (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) is a specialist solitary pupal endoparasitoid of the tropical Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), causing significant ecological and economic losses each year. Female oviposits into cocoon-concealed pupae of A. mylitta, where the developing larva consumes the host, ultimately killing it. During host searching, females rely on their antennae as the principal sensory organs to detect and evaluate host suitability, although sensory structures on the ovipositor may also contribute to oviposition decisions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed nine distinct microstructure/sensilla types: trichodea, basiconica, chaetica, placodea, grooved peg sensilla, campaniformia, microtrichia, B & ouml;hm's bristles, and glandular pores, including their respective subtypes. Additional microstructures, such as apical pegs, cuticular pores, and cuticular folds, were also observed. Sensilla trichodea were most abundant, followed by placodea, chaetica, and basiconica. Apical pegs at the antennal apex in both sexes are hypothesized to function in vibrational sounding during antennal tapping. Minimal sexual dimorphism in antennal sensilla was observed, limited to antennal length and flagellomere counts. These antennal features, including chemosensory and mechanosensory sensilla, are likely essential for host detection, discrimination, and oviposition, providing insights that could inform the development of semiochemical-based pest management tactics.

10aantennal sensilla10aendoparasitoid10ahost detection10ascanning electron microscopy10atasar silkworm10aultrastructure1 aGathalkar, Ganesh, B.1 aSharma, Pooja1 aBarsagade, Deepak, D. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/morphological-characteristics-antennal-microstructure-and-its-ecological-significance