02495nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006400121260000800185300000800193490000700201520190500208653001002113653001402123653001502137653001502152100001402167700002302181856008502204       2019                        eng d  a1139-670900aRe-purposing is needed for beneficial bugs, not for the drugs0 aRepurposing is needed for beneficial bugs not for the drugs  cMAR  a1-60 v223 a<p>Between 150 and 200 species of plants, insects, birds or mammals go extinct every day. We do not have any idea what the global extinction rate for microorganisms is. What is clear is that we have already lost a maximum number of the microbes that used to live in and on our skins. Many of our microbial partners are facing extinction as we apply selection pressures that are unprecedented in our long-standing relationships. Recent estimates are that we have lost at least one third of the diversity of our skin microbiome. Every day, most of us bath or shower in water that contains chlorine or fluorine; these additives do a great job of killing pathogenic microbes, but they are probably not helping our skin microbiome. Most of the people apply cosmetic products every day, as these products contain preservatives that prevent microbial growth on the shelf. These same chemicals may well kill microbes on the skin. The daily use of high-pH soaps probably will not help microbial life that is adapted to living on the skin's natural pH of 5. The rise in the rate of C-section births from around 5% in 1970 to more than 30% today is likely to be a contributing factor. Vaginal microbes seed our skins at birth and C-sections disrupt this process. The overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics has contributed to the loss of our microbial partners in all body sites and the skin is no exception. It is now clear that skin is an ecosystem that is dependent on commensal microbes for optimal health. In general, a diverse ecosystem is a healthy ecosystem that is robust in the face of change. Low-diversity ecosystems are more fragile and susceptible to dysbiosis. Eczema and acne rates have increased rapidly over the last 50 years. These diseases are almost unknown in hunter-gatherer communities. Now, we face two exciting challenges: finding out which species matter and how to get them back.</p>
10aDrugs10aDysbiosis10aMicrobiome10aProbiotics1 aRam, Hari1 aDastager, Syed, G.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/re-purposing-needed-beneficial-bugs-not-drugs02726nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260000800234300001100242490000800253520182900261653001502090653002402105653001502129653001702144653001602161653000902177100002102186700002502207700001702232700002302249700002302272700002702295856012602322       2022                        eng d  a0944-501300aExploring the core microbiota in scented rice (Oryza sativa L.) rhizosphere through metagenomics approach0 aExploring the core microbiota in scented rice Oryza sativa L rhi  cOCT  a1271570 v2633 a<p>
	Rice is a major food crop cultivated around the globe. Specially scented rice varieties are of commercial importance but they are low-yielding. The rhizospheric microflora plays a significant role in improving yield and aroma. However, the core microbiome of the scented rice rhizosphere is comparatively less explored. Here, we analyzed the core microbiome associated with the rhizosphere of the scented (Ambemohar-157 and Dehradun basmati) in comparison with non-scented rice (Kolam and Arize 6444 Gold) cultivated at two different geoclimatic zones of India (Maharashtra and Uttarakhand) using the metagenomics approach. The alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that the microbial communities associated with scented and non-scented varieties significantly changes with respect to richness, diversity, and evenness. The taxonomic profiling revealed the variation in composition, diversity, and abundance of the microbiome in terms of phyla and genera associated with scented rice varieties over non-scented. The cluster analysis distinguishes the microbial communities based on their geographical positions. The core microbiome analysis revealed that scented rice rhizosphere shelters distinct and unique microbiota. 28.6 % of genera were exclusively present only in the scented rice rhizosphere. The putative functional gene annotation revealed the high abundance of genes related to the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) precursors in scented rice. The precursor feeding analysis revealed proline as a preferred substrate by 2AP synthesizing bacteria. The 2AP precursor proline and proline metabolism genes showed a positive correlation. The scented rice-specific rhizobacteria pointed out in this study can be used as bioinoculants for enhancing aroma, yield, and sustainable rice cultivation.</p>
10aMetagenome10aMicrobial community10aMicrobiome10aOryza sativa10aRhizosphere10arice1 aDhondge, Harshal1 aBarvkar, Vitthal, T.1 aPaul, Dhiraj1 aDastager, Syed, G.1 aPable, Anupama, A.1 aNadaf, Altafhusain, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/exploring-core-microbiota-scented-rice-oryza-sativa-l-rhizosphere-through-metagenomics