01649nas a2200145   4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260000800194300001400202490000700216520112800223100002401351700002201375856010601397       2014                        eng d00aFunction of metals and supports on the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds0 aFunction of metals and supports on the hydrodeoxygenation of phe  cNOV  a1573-15830 v793 a<p>Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is an important process for removing oxygen from lignin-derived phenolic monomers to obtain chemicals that can be used as fuel or fuel additives. A systematic study is performed to check the effects of supports (acidic, neutral, basic) and noble metals (Pd, Pt, Ru) on the HDO of phenol, guaiacol, and eugenol. Evaluation of the combinations of metals and supports under the similar reaction conditions shows that the metals supported on a highly acidic support (SiO2-Al2O3) yield complete hydrogenation products with the possibility of C[BOND]O bond cleavage to achieve a real HDO activity, whereas on a mildly acidic support (gamma-Al2O3), a complicated product distribution is achieved, and neutral (C) and basic (HT) supports give restricted hydrogenation activity but yield the products with very high selectivity. On the basis of the results, reaction pathways are suggested and deliberated. The catalysts show reproducible activity in recycle runs. The catalysts are characterized by various techniques (XRD, TEM, TPD, ICP-OES) to establish the catalyst activityproperty relationship.</p>1 aDeepa, Ayillath, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/function-metals-and-supports-hydrodeoxygenation-phenolic-compounds01632nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012800041210006900169260000800238300001400246490000700260520103800267100002801305700002201333856013101355       2017                        eng d00affects of cations, anions and H+ concentration of acidic ionic liquids on the valorization of polysaccharides into furfural0 affects of cations anions and H concentration of acidic ionic liq  cJUL  a6137-61440 v413 aThe valorization of hemicellulose into valuable chemicals, such as C5 sugars and furfural, in a one-pot fashion is crucial. In this work, acidic ionic liquids in the presence of water showed high yields of C5 sugars (>80%) with >99% conversion of hemicelluloses at 160 degrees C. With a water + toluene biphasic solvent system, within 4 h, an 85% furfural yield was obtained directly from hemicellulose in a one-pot fashion using a catalytic amount of 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate. It was seen that Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) perform better than solid acid [Faujasite and Mordenite zeolites; ion exchange resin, Amberlyst-15] and mineral catalysts [HCl and H2SO4]. The higher activity of BAILs compared to solid acids and mineral acids was correlated to the Hammett acidity function (Ho) and ion-dipole type of interactions. The catalysts were characterized using NMR (H-1 and C-13), elemental analysis and TGA to confirm that they were stable under reaction conditions and were thus recyclable.1 aMatsagar, Babasaheb, M.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ffects-cations-anions-and-h-concentration-acidic-ionic-liquids-valorization-polysaccharides01988nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260000800240520124700248653003901495653002101534653003801555653001601593653001101609100002201620700002201642856013001664       2019                        eng d  a1877-264100aFormic-acid-induced using recyclable-ionic liquids as catalysts for lignin conversion into aromatic co-products0 aFormicacidinduced using recyclableionic liquids as catalysts for  cNOV3 a<p>Lignin has been widely named as a sustainable and renewable bioresource of energy, fuels, chemicals and materials, particularly phenolic chemicals production on Earth. These bio-derived compounds are in great potential need of biorefinery to valorize complete plant biomass. Lignin depolymerization showed a great promise approach to convert into low molecular aromatic products. In this report, high molecular weight (54,000 Da) lignin depolymerization into maximum yields (87%), (&gt;= 95 +/- 6% mass balance) using a formic acid along with dual (-SO3H) functionalized imidazole-based recyclable (4 times) Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) as catalysts have been investigated in H2O-CH3OH (1:5, v/v) at 120 degrees C for 1 h. The structural correlations between the lignin and aromatic products were studied by bulk (CHNS, GPC, etc.) and molecular (UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR (1D/2D) levels experimental techniques. Additionally, the identification of aromatic products was carried out by applying HPLC, GC and GC-MS techniques. Graphic Addition of a formic acid into Bronsted acidic ionic liquids improved the catalytic efficiency significantly for lignin depolymerization into 87% low molecular weight aromatic products. [GRAPHICS] .</p>
10aBulk and molecular levels analysis10adepolymerization10aDual functionalized ionic liquids10aFormic acid10alignin1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/formic-acid-induced-using-recyclable-ionic-liquids-catalysts-lignin-conversion-aromatic-co