02710nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260000900230300001600239490000700255520191300262653002502175653002302200653001902223653002702242653001402269653002802283100002002311700002202331856012702353       2023                        eng d  a1944-824400aSelective and robust Ru catalyst for the aqueous phase aerobic oxidation of furfural to 2-furoic acid0 aSelective and robust Ru catalyst for the aqueous phase aerobic o  cSEP   a47004-470150 v153 a<p>
	Synthesis of 2-furoic acid (FURA) via oxidation of furfural (FAL) is vital in evolving the biorefinery concept as FURA has numerous important applications in the pharmaceuticals and optic areas. Though few works on this reaction are done, those are marred with shortcomings such as the nonrecyclability of catalyst, dilute solutions, lower yields, or use of H2O2 as an oxidizing agent. Herein, we report catalytic aqueous phase oxidation of FAL to FURA using molecular oxygen as an oxidizing agent. For the synthesis of FURA, various catalysts with a combination of metal (Pt, Pd, Ru) and supports (carbon, Al2O3) were prepared and characterized by multiple techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)). Oxidation of FAL carried out over 5 wt % Ru/C catalyst in the presence of Na2CO3 yielded 83% of FURA at 120 degrees C and 15 bar oxygen pressure. The catalyst could show potential for reusability as similar activity was achieved after subjecting the spent catalyst to mild reduction treatment (150 degrees C). Studies on the effects of temperature, pressure, and time could help accomplish enhanced yields of FURA. Additionally, learning about the effect of base (weak/strong/solid) revealed that due to the weak basicity of Na2CO3, higher yields could be achieved by maintaining approximately a pH of 11, which is optimal for suppressing side reactions. Under the given conditions, FURA is stable (&gt;90%) and also adsorption studies divulge that it is immediately removed from the catalyst surface, and hence higher yields could be achieved in our catalytic system. Using the initial rates methodology, an activation energy of 21.91 kJ mol(-1) was derived and also a high turn over frequency (TOF) (85.9 h(-1)) was observed under optimized conditions.</p>
10a2-furoic acid (FURA)10aBiomass conversion10afurfural (FAL)10aheterogeneous catalyst10aOxidation10aruthenium on carbon etc1 aLokhande, Priya1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-and-robust-ru-catalyst-aqueous-phase-aerobic-oxidation-furfural-2-furoic-acid