02462nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245015400055210006900209260000900278300001400287490000800301520141200309653002501721653002601746653002101772100001801793700002701811700002501838700003701863700003201900700002501932700002101957700001901978700002301997700002002020856013202040 2022 eng d a0141-813000aEffect of oxalic acid and sulphuric acid hydrolysis on the preparation and properties of pineapple pomace derived cellulose nanofibers and nanopapers0 aEffect of oxalic acid and sulphuric acid hydrolysis on the prepa cJUN  a1745-17590 v2093 a

Nanocellulose is the ``green magnet'' which attracts a wide spectrum of industries towards it due to its availability, biodegradability, and possible smart applications. For the first time, pineapple pomace was being explored as an economic precursor for cellulose nanofibers. Nanofiber isolation was accomplished using a chemo-mechanical method and solution casting was adopted for the development of nanopapers. Moreover, the study examines the structural, optical, crystalline, dimensional, and thermal features of nanofibers isolated using different acid hydrolysis (oxalic acid and sulphuric acid) methods. Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of type I cellulose. The transmittance, crystallinity index, and thermal stability of PPNFS (sulphuric acid treated fiber) were greater than PPNFO (oxalic acid treated fiber). The transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis confirmed the nanodimension of PPNFO and PPNFS. While comparing the optical and mechanical properties of nanopapers, PPNFS outperforms PPNFO. The tensile strength of the prepared nanopapers (64 MPa (PPNFO) and 68 MPa (PPNFS)) was found to be high compared to similar works reported in the literature. The prepared nanopaper is proposed to be used for food packaging applications.

10acellulose nanofibers10aCellulosic nanopapers10aPineapple pomace1 aNeenu, K., V.1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aKanoth, Bipinbal, Parambath1 aDavid, Deepthi, Anna1 aSajadi, Mohammad1 aDhanyasree, P.1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aBadawi, Michael uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-oxalic-acid-and-sulphuric-acid-hydrolysis-preparation-and-properties-pineapple-pomace01858nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260000800216300001100224490000800235520088500243653001701128653002201145653001501167653002501182100001901207700002701226700001801253700002501271700001501296700002401311700002301335700001901358700003701377700002001414856012201434 2023 eng d a0144-861700aCarbon black and chitin nanofibers for green tyres: preparation and property evaluation0 aCarbon black and chitin nanofibers for green tyres preparation a cJUN a1207000 v3103 a

This research highlights the synergistic use of carbon black (CB) and chitin nanofibers (CHNFs) for developing green tyres for the first time. The CHNFs (12-30 nm) were prepared from chitin powder with the help of steam explosion and mild oxalic acid hydrolysis. The CHNFs were uniformly dispersed in natural rubber (NR) latex, dried, and mixed with CB in a two-roll mill to form NR/CB/CHNF composites. The NR/CB/CHNF composite at 1 phr CHNF loading exhibited tensile and tear strengths that were about 47 and 160 % greater than the NR-Neat, respectively. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the loss tangent (tan delta) at 60 degrees C was 50 % lower for the NR/CB/CHNF 1.0 composite than for the NR/CB50 composite. The study succeeded in developing a new green tyre tread formulation that would be helpful for attaining sustainability and a circular economy.

10acarbon black10aChitin nanofibers10aGreen Tyre10anatural rubber latex1 aMathew, Mariya1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun1 aNeenu, K., V.1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aDileep, P.1 aKumar, T., G. Ajith1 aSabu, Akshay, Alax1 aNagane, Dhiraj1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aBadawi, Michael uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbon-black-and-chitin-nanofibers-green-tyres-preparation-and-property-evaluation02082nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260000900223300001100232490000800243520103500251653002701286653001601313653001501329653001401344100002701358700001801385700002501403700001701428700002901445700001801474700002001492700002301512700001701535700001901552700003701571700002001608856012801628 2023 eng d a0959-652600aNanosilica from Averrhoa bilimbi juice pre-treated rice husk: preparation and characterization0 aNanosilica from Averrhoa bilimbi juice pretreated rice husk prep cAUG  a1374760 v4133 a

The preparation of nanosilica from rice husk without using any concentrated mineral acids is a novel concept. This work proposes a bioleaching strategy to remove metallic impurities from rice husk for the preparation of nanosilica. Herein, nanosilica (BJRHS) was prepared by calcinating Averrhoa bilimbi juice pre-treated rice husks in a muffle furnace. The chemical and atomic structures of commercial precipitated silica (CS), rice husk ash (RHA), and BJRHS were analyzed using different analytical techniques. The optimal leaching time, calcination temperature, and calcination time were 1 h, 500 degrees C, and 6 h respectively. The particle size of BJRHS was found to be 6-12 nm, which is less than that of RHA and CS. The BET surface area of BJRHS (204 m2/g) was found to be greater than RHA (110.5 m2/g) and CS (172.1 m2/g). Mesoporous nanosilica with excellent surface area and purity was produced sustainably from rice husk which could be recommended to use in the field of catalysis, polymer technology, etc.

10aAverrhoa bilimbi juice10aBioleaching10aNanosilica10arice husk1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun1 aNeenu, K., V.1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aJoseph, Rani1 aRosa, Derval, dos Santos1 aDuan, Yongxin1 aBalan, Aiswarya1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aSoumya, Mary1 aShelke, Ankita1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aBadawi, Michael uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/nanosilica-averrhoa-bilimbi-juice-pre-treated-rice-husk-preparation-and-characterization02532nas a2200337 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000800247300001600255490000700271520139300278653002001671653002501691653003001716653002301746100002701769700001801796700001801814700002101832700002901853700002501882700001901907700002301926700003701949700002701986700001802013700001802031700002002049856012502069 2024 eng d a2190-681500aColocasia esculenta stems for the isolation of cellulose nanofibers: a chlorine-free method for the biomass conversion0 aColocasia esculenta stems for the isolation of cellulose nanofib cMAY a10305-103180 v143 a

The reuse of waste products is the green key to sustainability. The extraction of cellulose nanofibers from Colocasia esculenta stems is presented in the paper. The study proved that the waste biomass could be effectively re-engineered into highly valued cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Cellulose nanofibers were extracted via a chemo-mechanical route. The pre-treatments included mild alkali hydrolysis (2% NaOH) and chlorine-free bleaching (peroxide bleaching in an alkaline medium). Cellulose I-beta structure was confirmed using C-13 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The elemental analysis of CNFs detected the elements, carbon and oxygen. The CNFs had a crystallinity and transmittance of 71.72% and 60%, respectively. Microscopic studies verified the elimination of non-cellulosic components and the fibrous nature of CNFs. Moreover, the fiber diameter of CNFs was 20-40 nm. Thermal analysis revealed good thermal stability of 335.8 degrees C (T-50) for nanofibers. Long-term aids are numerous in eco-friendly technology. Developing an eco-design will support zero waste ideals, lowers carbon dioxide emissions, and encourages a circular economy. Owing to the merits of natural fibers, they can be adopted in various sectors including packaging, automobile, aerospace, electronics, biomedical, construction, and furniture.

10aacid hydrolysis10acellulose nanofibers10aColocasia esculenta stems10aHigh crystallinity1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun1 aMaheswary, S.1 aNeenu, V., K.1 aSajadi, Mohammad1 aRosa, Derval, dos Santos1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aMathew, Mariya1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aGeorge, Tresa, Sunitha1 aResmi, V., C.1 aIlyas, R., A.1 aBadawi, Michael uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/colocasia-esculenta-stems-isolation-cellulose-nanofibers-chlorine-free-method-biomass02741nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260000800271300001100279490000800290520162800298653002601926653001601952653001501968653001601983100002701999700002902026700003202055700001902087700001802106700002502124700001902149700003702168700002202205700002302227700001902250700001802269856012802287 2024 eng d a0959-652600aExtraction, characterization, and life cycle assessment of nanosilica from millet husk: sustainable alternative with low environmental impact0 aExtraction characterization and life cycle assessment of nanosil cFEB a1409240 v4423 a

Eco-friendly approaches for silica production are highly researched to respond increasing industrial demand for bio-nanofillers. Herein, nanosilica of 10-20 nm with mesoporosity was obtained through a mild oxalic acid pre-treatment of millet husk, followed by calcination at 700 degrees C for 2 h. Compared with commercial precipitated silica (CS) and millet husk ash (MHA) directly obtained by calcination of the husk, the pre-treated silica (MHS) had higher purity, revealed using EDX spectroscopy. Moreover, FTIR and Si-29 NMR showed a higher condensation degree in MHS with 73% of Q4 siloxane bonds vs 4% in MHA. The release of the metal and organic impurities from the husk also allows to reduce the crystallinity of MHS, and to increase the specific surface area from 82 m(2)/g in MHA to 238 m(2)/g in MHS. The type II N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of MHA and MHS indicate aggregates of non-porous silica particles. MHS also demonstrated remarkable thermal resilience. According to the LCA analysis, MHS has a 40% lower impact on global warming, a 38% lower impact on human carcinogenic toxicity, and a 38% lower impact on terrestrial acidification compared to rice husk nanosilica. This research thus addresses sustainability challenges by repurposing millet husks, which are readily available due to continuous millet cultivation, particularly in India. By reducing the ecological impact of husk disposal through burning, this study offers an economically viable technology for high-purity silica production, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable practices.

10aLife cycle assessment10aMillet husk10aNanosilica10aOxalic acid1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun1 aRosa, Derval, dos Santos1 aBarbosa, Rennan, Felix da S1 aAnagha, O., V.1 aNeenu, K., V.1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aKumar, Aswathy1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aSiriwong, Chomsri1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aShelke, Ankita1 aPasc, Andreea uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/extraction-characterization-and-life-cycle-assessment-nanosilica-millet-husk-sustainable02340nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260000800241300001100249490000800260520142700268653002501695653001801720653002201738100001701760700001701777700002001794700002001814700002301834700003701857700002101894700002701915856013201942 2025 eng d a0141-813000aExtraction of highly crystalline and thermally stable cellulose nanofiber from Heliconia psittacorum L.f. leaves0 aExtraction of highly crystalline and thermally stable cellulose  cMAY a1422640 v3083 a

Extracting cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from agro-waste is one of the promising and practical ways to develop sustainable nanocomposites. In this study, cellulose nanofibers were extracted from the leaves of Heliconia psittacorum for the first time. The combination of oxalic acid hydrolysis (5 wt%) and steam explosion was used for the isolation of CNF from the leaves of Heliconia psittacorum. The structural and chemical features of the prepared CNF were analyzed using various techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid state 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (13C NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X ray analysis (EDX), Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM micrographs reported 15 to 40 nm diameter for the nanofibers synthesized. XRD analysis reported 91 % crystallinity index for CNF, whereas that of the untreated sample was 76 %. The maximum degradation of the CNF is reported at 355 degrees C, exceeds the untreated sample (316 degrees C). The tensile strength of the CNF derived paper was found to be 23 MPa. The recovered nanocellulose can be further utilized for various applications such as the automobile industry for developing lightweight parts, biosensors, super capacitors, absorption of greenhouse gases, wastewater treatment, and packaging applications.

10abiomass valorization10aNanocellulose10aWaste to resource1 aPaul, Sharon1 aJoseph, Anto1 aHridhya, P., D.1 aBadawi, Michael1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aAsrofi, Mochamad1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/extraction-highly-crystalline-and-thermally-stable-cellulose-nanofiber-heliconia-psittacorum03364nas a2200241 4500008004100000245018600041210006900227260000800296300001400304490000700318520242800325100002002753700001802773700003702791700002302828700002702851700002502878700002102903700002702924700002002951700002002971856013102991 2025 eng d00aGreen engineering of cellulose nanofibers and nanopapers from Wodyetia bifurcata fruits: a sustainable approach with emphasis on process optimization and tensile property assessment0 aGreen engineering of cellulose nanofibers and nanopapers from Wo cMAY a9321-93350 v153 a

Nanocellulose emerges as a highly promising material with versatile applications, offering solutions to environmental and sustainability challenges. This study delves into the extraction of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from Wodyetia bifurcata fruit pulp through mild oxalic acid hydrolysis assisted by steam explosion. To ensure environmental compatibility, chlorine-free pre-treatments were applied to eliminate non-cellulosic components. Chemical composition analysis verified the effective removal of non-cellulosic elements, validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of type I cellulose α-polymorph in the CNF, while a crystallinity index of 60% was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed a fibrous morphology with a fiber diameter ranging from 9 to 36 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed to corroborate the observed fiber diameter. Mild acid hydrolysis elevated the maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) of CNF to 39 °C compared to the pristine sample. Furthermore, this research explores the application of CNFs in nanopaper development using a casting method. The resulting nanopapers exhibited a tensile strength of ~ 17 MPa and a transmittance of 25%. These nanopapers present a viable pathway toward eco-friendly products in various industries, promising to revolutionize upcoming sustainable packaging technologies.

1 aSankar, Sameera1 aNeenu, K., V.1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aShelke, Ankita, Ramesh1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aBipinbal, P., K.1 aGeorge, Tresa, Sunitha1 aBadawi, Michael1 aDominic, Midhun uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/green-engineering-cellulose-nanofibers-and-nanopapers-wodyetia-bifurcata-fruits-sustainable02324nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260000800244300001600252490000700268520125100275653004201526653001201568653002401580653002801604653002601632653002301658100001401681700001801695700002001713700002001733700001801753700002301771700003701794700002501831700002701856856012701883 2025 eng d a2190-681500aSustainable cellulose nanofiber extraction from Borassus flabellifer: a comprehensive study and analytical insights0 aSustainable cellulose nanofiber extraction from Borassus flabell cSEP a25359-253730 v153 a

Cellulose, a biodegradable and renewable material, is versatile and transforms various fields. This work uses a chemo-mechanical method to discuss the extraction and analysis of palmyra (Borassus flabellifer) fruit derived cellulose nanofibers (PFCNF). The mild acid treatment, steam explosion, and homogenization could increase the physico-chemical properties of Borassus flabellifer fiber. The chemical composition and FTIR analysis confirmed the successful elimination of the hemicellulose, lignin, and other extractives in the palmyra fruit pulp. The solid-state 13C NMR proved the cellulose type I structure of the extracted PFCNF. The crystallinity index of PFCNF was found to be 57%. The yield of the cellulose was calculated to be 44%. PFCNF exhibited fibrous morphology with a nanodimension of 10-80 nm, validated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. With progressive treatments, the thermal stability was increased, and the Tmax of PFCNF was 32 degrees C higher compared to the raw fibers. These superior properties further support their potential in eco-friendly packaging, advanced composites, biomedical materials, film production, electronics, coating materials, and paper production.

10aBorassus flabellifer10aBiomass10aCellulose nanofiber10aEco-friendly extraction10aSustainable materials10aWaste valorization1 aSurya, S.1 aSoman, Arathy1 aKrishnan, Akhil1 aSuresh, Parvana1 aNeenu, K., V.1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sustainable-cellulose-nanofiber-extraction-borassus-flabellifer-comprehensive-study-and02393nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260000800268300001600276490000700292520136200299653001401661653002401675653002001699653002001719100001501739700002301754700001701777700002001794700002301814700001601837700003701853700002201890700002501912700002701937856012701964 2025 eng d a2190-681500aSustainable isolation of cellulose nanofibers with superior crystallinity and thermal stability from Terminalia catappa L. fruit peel waste0 aSustainable isolation of cellulose nanofibers with superior crys cJUL a21557-215720 v153 a

Turning agricultural waste into value-added products is a key focus of sustainable development. Herein, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were extracted from the pericarp of Terminalia catappa L. for the first time. The CNF was extracted by chlorine-free pretreatment methods followed by oxalic acid hydrolysis (5 wt%) assisted with steam explosion. The prepared CNF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG). FTIR analysis confirmed the successful removal of lignin and hemicellulose during chemical treatment which was again validated by solid-state 13C NMR analysis. TEM image revealed that the diameter of the extracted nanofibers ranges from 14 to 18 nm. From XRD analysis, the crystallinity index of the CNF was 82%, while that of the raw sample was 62 %. The temperature at which the maximum degradation (Tmax) of CNF occurred was found to be 372 degrees C which is superior to that of the raw sample (334 degrees C). The extracted cellulose nanofibers were used to prepare cellulose paper, demonstrating a tensile strength of 1.1 MPa, indicating its potential suitability for biodegradable packaging applications.

10acellulose10aCellulose nanofiber10agreen synthesis10aWaste to wealth1 aHarsha, R.1 aMol, A., P. Princy1 aPaul, Sharon1 aBadawi, Michael1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aRao, Jeevan1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aNair, Ajalesh, B.1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sustainable-isolation-cellulose-nanofibers-superior-crystallinity-and-thermal-stability02339nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170260000800239300001600247490000700263520145600270100001901726700001801745700002501763700003001788700002001818700002501838700002301863700002301886700003701909700002701946856012401973 2025 eng d00aValorization of avocado peel waste: extraction and characterization of cellulose nanofibers for multifunctional applications0 aValorization of avocado peel waste extraction and characterizati cAPR a12789-128000 v153 a

This study explored the utility of underutilized avocado peels for extracting cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Mild oxalic acid hydrolysis assisted by steam explosion was employed after alkali hydrolysis and chlorine-free bleaching to prepare cellulose nanofibers. The structural, atomic, and elemental features of the extracted fibers were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis, respectively. The crystallinity index of the nanofibers was 87%, which was 53% greater than that of the crude sample. The elution of hemicellulose and lignin was evident from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and the nanofibers had a fiber diameter of 30–82 nm according to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The applied chemical treatment also elevated the thermal stability of the fibers. The extracted fibers can be applied in numerous fields, including electronics, packaging, automobiles, biomedicine, and cosmetics.

1 aVarsha, P., V.1 aNeenu, K., V.1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aHounfodji, Jean, Wilfried1 aSankar, Sameera1 aMuraleedharan, Sneha1 aKamath, Anjali, N.1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aMidhun, Dominic, C. D. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/valorization-avocado-peel-waste-extraction-and-characterization-cellulose-nanofibers