01789nas a2200169   4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260000800190300001400198490000700212520121000219100002101429700002001450700001701470700001701487856011501504       2007                        eng d00aPET-SWNT nanocomposites through ultrasound assisted dissolution-evaporation0 aPETSWNT nanocomposites through ultrasound assisted dissolutionev  cJUN  a2279-22850 v433 a<p>Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) based nanocomposites have been prepared with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through an ultrasound assisted dissolution-evaporation method. Differential scanning calorimetry studies showed that SWNTs nucleate crystallization in PET at weight fractions as low as 0.3%, as the nanocomposite melt crystallized during cooling at temperature 24 degrees C higher than neat PET of identical molecular weight. Isothermal crystallization studies also revealed that SWNTs significantly accelerate the crystallization process. Mechanical properties of the PET-SWNT nanocomposites improved as compared to neat PET indicating the effective reinforcement provided by nanotubes in the polymer matrix. Electrical conductivity measurements on the nanocomposite films showed that SWNTs at concentrations exceeding 1 wt% in the PET matrix result in electrical percolation. Comparison of crystallization, conductivity and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that ultrasound assisted dissolution-evaporation method enables more effective dispersion of SWNTs in the PET matrix as compared to the melt compounding method. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>1 aAnoop, Anand, K.1 aAgarwal, U., S.1 aNisal, Anuya1 aJoseph, Rani  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/pet-swnt-nanocomposites-through-ultrasound-assisted-dissolution-evaporation02369nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260007100230300001400301490000700315520164200322100002701964700002501991700002502016700001702041856012902058       2008                        eng d  a0888-588500aComposites of polypropylene with layered Mg-silsesquioxanes show an unusual combination of properties0 aComposites of polypropylene with layered Mgsilsesquioxanes show   a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJUN  a3891-38990 v473 a<p>We report the synthesis of vinyl modified magnesium silsesqiuoxanes (''vinyl clay''), and the formation of their composites with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) by melt compounding. Vinyl clay is a layered compound with a layer thickness of approximately 1 nm. Vinyl clay does not exfoliate in iPP; rather, it disperses to form a network that exhibits a characteristic low frequency solid-like plateau in the elastic modulus in dynamic melt theological measurements. Strangely, vinyl clay also plasticizes iPP-there is a decrease in the high frequency complex viscosity. The decrease in the complex viscosity is higher at higher frequencies, suggesting the influence of slip at the iPP-vinyl clay interface. The combination of the low frequency elastic plateau and plasticization makes the vinyl clay composite significantly more shear thinning than the matrix iPP. In the solid state, vinyl clay-iPP composites exhibit increased tensile modulus (showing approximate to 50% increase for a 5% loading), but surprisingly, no corresponding decrease in the elongation at break. Thus, while microstructural characterization indicates that only a small fraction, if any, of the vinyl clay is exfoliafed, the enhancement in mechanical properties is similar to that observed for iPP-exfoliated montmonillonite nanocomposites. Our compounding protocol is unable to effectively disperse the clay in the iPP at clay loadings greater than about 7.5%. Therefore, the low frequency plateau in the melt elastic modulus and the solid tensile modulus increase with clay loading until 7.5% but exhibit a nonmonotonic decrease at higher clay loadings.</p>1 aKumaraswamy, Guruswamy1 aDeshmukh, Yogesh, S.1 aAgrawal, Vikrant, V.1 aNisal, Anuya  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/composites-polypropylene-layered-mg-silsesquioxanes-show-unusual-combination-properties-002834nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260007100218300001400289490000700303520192800310100002702238700002202265700001802287700002002305700001902325700002402344700001702368700003202385700002402417700001902441856012002460       2012                        eng d  a0024-929700aLamellar melting, not crystal motion, results in softening of polyoxymethylene on heating0 aLamellar melting not crystal motion results in softening of poly  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcAUG  a5967-59780 v453 a<p>We probe temperature-dependent changes in the semicrystalline microstructure of polyoxymethylene using a combination of modulated DSC, SAXS, and solid-state NMR to characterize macroscopic behavior, lamellar-level structure, and molecular environments, respectively, and correlate these with the change in mechanical properties probed using DMA and AFM. Two model samples are investigated: a melt crystallized sample prepared by injection molding and a sample obtained by crystallization from dilute solution. Our investigations reveal that, for both samples, there is an increase in crystalline motions and in the amorphous content on heating. DMA and AFM measurements reveal that the modulus of the molded sample decreases on heating to about 100 degrees C; however, there is a significant difference in behavior of the solution crystals, where we observe no significant decrease in stiffness (from AFM measurements). Thus, in contrast to previous reports, we demonstrate that the decrease in modulus on heating polyoxymethylene does not correlate with chain motions in the crystalline regions. We use SAXS to probe the semicrystalline morphology for the samples on heating and show that, for the molded sample, there is a distribution of lamellar thickness at room temperature and that the thin lamellae in this distribution melt on heating. In contrast to the behavior of the melt crystallized samples, the solution crystals exhibit no change in the lamellar stacking on heating to 150 degrees C. We also demonstrate that, on heating, the amorphous regions in the solution crystals always appear to have restricted mobility while there are mobile and low mobility amorphous regions in the molded samples. Our results suggest that, contrary to conventional belief, the decrease in modulus on heating polyoxymethylene arises not from motions in the crystalline lamellae but primarily from melting of thin lamellae.</p>1 aKumaraswamy, Guruswamy1 aSurve, Nikita, S.1 aMathew, Renny1 aRana, Abhimanyu1 aJha, Saroj, K.1 aBulakh, Neelima, N.1 aNisal, Anuya1 aAjithkumar, Thalasseril, G.1 aRajamohanan, P., R.1 aRatnagiri, Ram  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/lamellar-melting-not-crystal-motion-results-softening-polyoxymethylene-heating-002364nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260007100216300001400287490000700301520165100308100001601959700001801975700001701993700001702010700002202027856012102049       2012                        eng d  a1525-779700aSynthesis of silk fibroin-glycopolypeptide conjugates and their recognition with lectin0 aSynthesis of silk fibroinglycopolypeptide conjugates and their r  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a3695-37020 v133 a<p>Silk fibroin (SF), the natural fibrous protein created by the Bombyx mori silk worm, is being increasingly excellent mechanical strength, high oxygen/water permeability, excellent mechanical strength; high oxygen/water:permeability, and biocompatibility: :It is also well known that surface. modification of SF, With Organic ligands such as the extracellular protein :binding. Arg-Gly-Asp, (RGD) peptides:,: help adhesion and,proliferation. of cells better-a key; requirement for it to function as extracellular. matrices; In this, Work, We have conjugated synthetic glycopolypeptides (GPs) that were synthesized by controlled ring opening polymerization of alpha-manno-lys N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) onto SF by using Cu catalyzed click reaction to synthesize 1 a new hybrid :Material (SF GP), Which We believe will have :both the mechanical properties of native SF and the molecular recognition property of the carbohydrates in the GP. By controlling the :amount of GP grafted onto SF, we have made three SF GP conjugates that differ in their ability to assemble into films. SF GP conjugates having a very high content of GP formed completely water soluble brush like polymer that displayed very high affinity toward the lectin concanavalin-A (Con-A) Films cast from SF-GP conjugates using lower amounts of grafted GP were more stable in water, and the stability can be modulated by varying the amount of G grafted. The water insoluble film SF-GP(25) was also found to bind to fluorescently labeled Con A, as was seen by confocal microscopy Such SF-GP hybrid films may be useful as mimics of extracellular matrices for tissue engineering:</p>1 aDas, Soumen1 aPati, Debasis1 aTiwari, Neha1 aNisal, Anuya1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-silk-fibroin-glycopolypeptide-conjugates-and-their-recognition-lectin-001568nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260005700203300001200260490000700272520079800279653002501077653001801102653001301120653000901133100001701142700002101159700002401180700002101204856011301225       2013                        eng d  a0035-451100aRheology and microstructural studies of regenerated silk fibroin solutions0 aRheology and microstructural studies of regenerated silk fibroin  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcNOV  a833-8400 v523 a<p>Regenerated silk fibroin solutions (RSF) are produced by dissolving degummed silk fibers in water. We have observed that RSF solutions at a concentration less than 15 % by weight exhibit an unusual gel-like response in conventional shear rheology measurements. At higher concentrations, the response is predominantly viscous (or liquid-like). We have probed this counterintuitive behavior of silk fibroin solutions by using microrheology, and interfacial rheometry. Scattering techniques were also used to understand the microstructure of RSF solutions as a function of the concentration. Our studies suggest that the gel-like response of the RSF solution may result from the formation of an interfacial film at the air-solution interface, which dominates the bulk rheological response.</p>10aInterfacial rheology10aMicrorheology10aRheology10aSilk1 aNisal, Anuya1 aKalelkar, Chirag1 aBellare, Jayesh, R.1 aLele, Ashish, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/rheology-and-microstructural-studies-regenerated-silk-fibroin-solutions-002373nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260007100270300001600341490000600357520136000363653001301723653002501736653001301761653001201774653002301786653001801809100002901827700002601856700001901882700001701901700002701918700002201945856012801967       2014                        eng d  a1944-824400aSol-gel assisted fabrication of collagen hydrolysate composite scaffold: a novel therapeutic alternative to the traditional collagen scaffold0 aSolgel assisted fabrication of collagen hydrolysate composite sc  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcSEP  a15015-150250 v63 a<p>Collagen is one of the most widely used biomaterial for various biomedical applications. In this Research Article, we present a novel approach of using collagen hydrolysate, smaller fragments of collagen, as an alternative to traditionally used collagen scaffold. Collagen hydrolysate composite scaffold (CHCS) was fabricated with sol-gel transition procedure using tetraethoxysilane as the silica precursor. CHCS exhibits porous morphology with pore sizes varying between 380 and 780 mu m. Incorporation of silica conferred CHCS with controlled biodegradation and better water uptake capacity. Notably, 3T3 fibroblast proliferation was seen to be significantly better under CHCS treatment when compared to treatment with collagen scaffold. Additionally, CHCS showed excellent antimicrobial activity against the wound pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli due to the inherited antimicrobial activity of collagen hydrolysate. In vivo wound healing experiments with full thickness excision wounds in rat model demonstrated that wounds treated with CHCS showed accelerated healing when compared to wounds treated with collagen scaffold. These findings indicate that the CHCS scaffold from collagen fragments would be an effective and affordable alternative to the traditionally used collagen structural biomaterials.</p>10acollagen10acollagen hydrolysate10ascaffold10asol-gel10atissue engineering10awound Healing1 aRamadass, Satiesh, Kumar1 aPerumal, Sathiamurthi1 aGopinath, Arun1 aNisal, Anuya1 aSubramanian, Saravanan1 aMadhan, Balaraman  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sol-gel-assisted-fabrication-collagen-hydrolysate-composite-scaffold-novel-therapeutic-002792nas a2200337   4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260007100234300001200305490000600317520166100323653001301984653002501997653001502022653001502037653002102052100001702073700002002090700002002110700002002130700002202150700002102172700002102193700002202214700001902236700002702255700001702282700002502299856013002324       2014                        eng d  a2168-048500aUptake of Azo dyes into silk glands for production of colored silk cocoons using a green feeding approach0 aUptake of Azo dyes into silk glands for production of colored si  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcFEB  a312-3170 v23 a<p>Dyeing of textile fabrics is considered to be one of the most polluting industries today, and there is a need to develop green processes that can reduce this pollution. A promising technology that can potentially cleanup the dyeing of silk fibers that are widely used for textile applications would involve the generation of intrinsically colored silk cocoons. This can be achieved by feeding of Bombyx mori silkworm larvae with a modified feed of mulberry leaves containing a sprayed dye solution. This process significantly reduces the need for treating toxic dye effluents that are generated in traditional dyeing processes. In this report, we have evaluated a set of seven different azo dyes that are used in the textile industry for dyeing to produce intrinsically dyed silk. The dyes used in the study had similar chemical structures with systematically varying partition coefficients. The results suggest that while some dyes produced intrinsically colored silk other did not. Careful evaluation of the physical properties of these related azo dyes suggest that the balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic character is necessary for diffusion of the dye from the alimentary canal of the silkworm larva into the hemolymph and later into the silk glands. The partition coefficient of the dye also determines the preferential association of the dye with either sericin or fibroin protein in the silkworm gland and finally into the cocoon. These insights are extremely important in development of novel dye molecules that can be successfully fed to Bombyx mori silkworm larvae for producing intrinsically colored silk of various colors and shades.</p>10aAzo dyes10aBiochemical pathways10aColor silk10aDye uptake10a`' Green `' silk1 aNisal, Anuya1 aTrivedy, Kanika1 aMohammad, Hasan1 aPanneri, Suyana1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen1 aLele, Ashish, K.1 aManchala, Ramesh1 aKumar, Nirmal, S.1 aGadgil, Mugdha1 aKhandelwal, Harish, B.1 aMore, Snehal1 aLaxman, Ryali, Seeta  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/uptake-azo-dyes-silk-glands-production-colored-silk-cocoons-using-green-feeding-approach-001185nas a2200157   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260005100213520053400264100001700798700001900815700001900834700001700853700002100870856013600891       2015                        eng d00aMechanistic understanding of rapid gelation of silk fibroin using a biosurfactant – sophorolipid0 aMechanistic understanding of rapid gelation of silk fibroin usin  aNational Chemical Laboratory, Pune  IndiacFEB3 a<p>3D polymeric hydrogels find use in biomedical applications as scaffolds and drug delivery vehicle • Silk fibroin a structural protein is a promising candidate (excellent thermo-mechanicals, biocompatibility, biodegradability) • Sophorolipid (SL)-a biosurfactant is known to exhibit antimicrobial, anti cancerous and cell differentiating. • Use of SL as gelling agent can enhance the applicability of SF hydrogels • SF-SL scaffolds obtained by lyophilization of hydrogels can find application in tissue regeneration</p>1 aDubey, Parul1 aNawale, Laxman1 aSarkar, Dhiman1 aNisal, Anuya1 aPrabhune, Asmita  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mechanistic-understanding-rapid-gelation-silk-fibroin-using-biosurfactant-%E2%80%93-sophorolipid01897nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260011000229300001600339490000600355520112300361100001701484700001901501700001901520700001701539700002101556856012601577       2015                        eng d  a2046-206900aSophorolipid assisted tunable and rapid gelation of silk fibroin to form porous biomedical scaffolds0 aSophorolipid assisted tunable and rapid gelation of silk fibroin  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcMAR  a33955-339620 v53 a<p>Three dimensional polymer hydrogels, based on both natural and synthetic polymers, are increasingly being used as scaffolds and drug delivery vehicles for biomedical applications. Fibrous protein, silk fibroin (SF), obtained from the Bombyx mori silkworm is a promising candidate in this area. However, SF has a long gelation time of about a few weeks that can only be reduced by non-physiological treatments (e. g. high temperature, ultrasonication and low pH) or by addition of a chemical and non-biodegradable polymer and/or surfactant. We report here accelerated gelation of SF under physiological conditions using a biosurfactant, sophorolipid (SL) as a gelling agent. SL and SF are completely miscible and form a very clear solution upon mixing. Hence it is interesting to see that this clear solution gels in a time span of just a few hours. The hydrogels so formed have pore architecture, porosities and mechanical stability ideally suited for tissue culture applications. Here we also demonstrate that mouse fibroblast cells not only adhere to but also extensively proliferate on these SF-SL scaffolds.</p>1 aDubey, Parul1 aNawale, Laxman1 aSarkar, Dhiman1 aNisal, Anuya1 aPrabhune, Asmita  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sophorolipid-assisted-tunable-and-rapid-gelation-silk-fibroin-form-porous-biomedical-001955nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260000800201300001400209490000700223520124600230100001701476700001701493700002101510700002601531700003501557700002101592700001701613856010701630       2016                        eng d  a1525-779700aSilk fibroin-sophorolipid gelation: deciphering the underlying mechanism0 aSilk fibroinsophorolipid gelation deciphering the underlying mec  cOCT  a3318-33270 v173 a<p>Silk fibroin (SF) protein, produced by silkworm Bombyx mori, is a promising biomaterial, while sophorolipid (SL) is an amphiphilic functional biosurfactant synthesized by nonpathogenic yeast Candida bombicola. SL is a mixture of two forms, acidic (ASL) and lactonic (LSL), which when added to SF results in accelerated gelation of silk fibroin. LSL is known to have multiple biological functionalities and hence hydrogels of these green molecules have promising applications in the biomedical sector. In this work, SANS, NMR, and rheology are employed to examine the assembling properties of individual and mixed SLs and their interactions with SF to understand the mechanism that leads to rapid gelation. SANS and NMR studies show that ASL assembles to form charged micelles, while LSL forms micellar assemblies and aggregates of a mass fractal nature. ASL and LSL together form larger mixed micelles, all of which interact differently with SF. It is shown that preferential binding of LSL to SF causes rapid unfolding of the SF chain leading to the formation of intermolecular beta sheets, which trigger fast gelation. Based on the observations, a mechanism for gelation of SF in the presence of different sophorolipids is proposed.</p>1 aDubey, Parul1 aKumar, Sugam1 aAswal, Vinod, K.1 aRavindranathan, Sapna1 aRajamohanan, Pattuparambil, R.1 aPrabhune, Asmita1 aNisal, Anuya  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/silk-fibroin-sophorolipid-gelation-deciphering-underlying-mechanism01732nas a2200181   4500008004100000245014300041210006900184260000800253300001800261490000600279520102900285100002701314700002001341700002101361700002201382700001701404856012901421       2017                        eng d00aVitro study of novel microparticle based silk fibroin scaffold with osteoblast-like cells for load-bearing osteo-regenerative applications0 aVitro study of novel microparticle based silk fibroin scaffold w  cMAY  a26551 - 265580 v73 aSilk Fibroin (SF) is today considered to be one of the most favorable materials for bone tissue engineering. We have prepared novel SF microparticle based 3D scaffolds, with appropriate pore size, pore interconnectivity and porosity, excellent mechanical properties and tunable bioresorption, while retaining the inherent biocompatibility of SF. These properties make them ideal candidates for osteoregenerative applications. Here, we report the in vitro cell viability, cell adhesion and proliferation with osetoblastic differentiation of MG 63 osteoblast-like cell line on these scaffolds. In addition, we have also modified the surface of these scaffolds using collagen type I and chitosan biopolymers. Our results show that although the SF scaffold does support in vitro cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, this performance can be further enhanced using the surface coating approach. Also, the ALP activity and bone mineralization was found to be particularly superior in the chitosan modified scaffolds.1 aParekh, Nimisha, Anant1 aHushye, Chandni1 aWarunkar, Saniya1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen1 aNisal, Anuya  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/vitro-study-novel-microparticle-based-silk-fibroin-scaffold-osteoblast-cells-load-bearing02000nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000900221300000900230490000800239520101400247653001501261653004401276653000701320653001701327653003501344653001701379100001701396700001701413700002601430700002201456700002101478700003501499700001701534700002101551856012601572       2018                        eng d  a0254-058400apH dependent sophorolipid assemblies and their influence on gelation of silk fibroin protein0 apH dependent sophorolipid assemblies and their influence on gela  cJAN   a9-160 v2033 a<p>Sophorolipid (SL), a bio-derived surfactant is an excellent gelling agent for natural fibrous protein, silk fibroin (SF) leading to potential biomedical applications. Interaction of SF with SL has been shown to accelerate the formation of hydrogel with the rate being dependent on the form of SL used. Here, we examine the effect of pH on SL-SF interaction and gel formation by employing rheology, fluorescence spectroscopy, SANS and NMR. The results indicate that the size of SL assemblies decrease as pH increases from acidic to alkaline and significantly impacts the association of SL and SF. The association of SF and SL is mainly via hydrophobic interactions, with the SL molecules forming bead like structures along the SF chain. The increased charge on the acidic form of SL at higher pH results in greater repulsion between acidic SL molecules, which are bound to the hydrophobic sites of SF, leading to rapid chain unfolding and subsequent gelation. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAssemblies10aNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy10apH10aSilk fibroin10aSmall angle neutron scattering10aSophorolipid1 aDubey, Parul1 aKumar, Sugam1 aRavindranathan, Sapna1 aVasudevan, Sahana1 aAswal, Vinod, K.1 aRajamohanan, Pattuparambil, R.1 aNisal, Anuya1 aPrabhune, Asmita  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ph-dependent-sophorolipid-assemblies-and-their-influence-gelation-silk-fibroin-protein02082nas a2200217   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260000800241300002500249490000600274520129300280100001701573700001901590700002001609700001801629700002101647700002301668700001801691700002601709856012901735       2018                        eng d00aSilk fibroin micro-particle scaffolds with superior compression modulus and slow bioresorption for effective bone regeneration0 aSilk fibroin microparticle scaffolds with superior compression m  cMAY  aArticle Number: 72350 v83 aSilk fibroin (SF), a natural polymer produced by Bombyx mori silkworms, has been extensively explored to prepare porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Here, we demonstrate, a scaffold made of SF, which exhibits compression modulus comparable to natural cancellous bone while retaining the appropriate porosities and interconnected pore architecture. The scaffolds also exhibit high resistance to in-vitro proteolytic degradation due to the dominant beta sheet conformation of the SF protein. Additionally, the scaffolds are prepared using a simple method of microparticle aggregation. We also demonstrate, for the first time, a method to prepare SF micro-particles using a Hexafluoroisopropanol-Methanol solvent-coagulant combination. SF microparticles obtained using this method are monodisperse, spherical, non-porous and extremely crystalline. These micro-particles have been further aggregated together to form a 3D scaffold. The aggregation is achieved by random packing of these microparticles and fusing them together using a dilute SF solution. Preliminary in-vitro cell culture and in-vivo implantation studies demonstrate that the scaffolds are biocompatible and they exhibit the appropriate early markers, making them promising candidates for bone regeneration.1 aNisal, Anuya1 aSayyad, Raeesa1 aDhavale, Prachi1 aKhude, Bhakti1 aDeshpande, Rucha1 aMapare, Vidhyashri1 aShukla, Swati1 aVenugopalan, Premnath  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/silk-fibroin-micro-particle-scaffolds-superior-compression-modulus-and-slow-bioresorption01670nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001600230490000700246520095900253100002201212700001501234700002101249700002101270700001701291700002601308856013001334       2019                        eng d  a0743-746300aSilk fibroin-sodium dodecyl sulfate gelation: molecular, structural, and rheological insights0 aSilk fibroinsodium dodecyl sulfate gelation molecular structural  cNOV  a14870-148780 v353 a<p>A gelling agent is necessary to accelerate sol to gel transition in an aqueous solution of silk fibroin (SF), which otherwise takes several days to complete. In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of gelation of Bornbyx mori SF by a model anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SOS). Even though interactions between SDS and proteins have been extensively investigated, most of these studies have focused on globular proteins, which undergo denaturation. The interaction with a fibrous protein such as SF is different and results in an altered secondary structure leading to gelation. In this work, the concentration-dependent gelation process of the SF-SDS system is examined using rheology, SANS, FTIR, and NMR. We observed preferential binding of SDS to specific regions on the SF chain, which aids structural changes favoring beta-sheet formation. We propose a mechanism for the accelerated sol-gel transition in the SF-SDS system.</p>
1 aHirlekar, Swarali1 aRay, Debes1 aAswal, Vinod, K.1 aPrabhune, Asmita1 aNisal, Anuya1 aRavindranathan, Sapna  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/silk-fibroin-sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-gelation-molecular-structural-and-rheological-insights01752nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245007200055210006900127260000800196300001600204490000600220520113300226100002201359700001501381700002101396700002501417700001701442856009901459       2020                        eng d  a2470-134300aLauric acid sophorolipid: accelerating the gelation of silk fibroin0 aLauric acid sophorolipid accelerating the gelation of silk fibro  cNOV  a28571-285780 v53 a<p>Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels find wide applications in tissue engineering. However, their scope has been limited due to the long gelation time in ambient conditions. This paper shows the reduction in gelation time of silk fibroin to minutes upon doping with a newly synthesized lauric acid sophorolipid (LASL). LASL comprises a fatty acid, lauric acid (with a 12-carbon aliphatic chain), that is derivatized by glucose molecules using a non-pathogenic yeast Candida bombicola. LASL was characterized using spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and chromatographic (high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-resolution mass spectrometry) methods. This gelation of SF is comparable to the effect of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The microstructure of SF-LASL hydrogels was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and exhibited the beads-on-a-necklace model. The rheological properties of these hydrogels show similarity to SF-SDS hydrogels, therefore presenting a greener alternative for tissue engineering applications.</p>
1 aHirlekar, Swarali1 aRay, Debes1 aAswal, Vinod, K.1 aPrabhune, Asmita, A.1 aNisal, Anuya  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/lauric-acid-sophorolipid-accelerating-gelation-silk-fibroin02434nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260000900240300001200249490000800261520151600269653001501785653001501800653002801815653002701843653001501870653002001885100001801905700002101923700001701944700001701961700002201978700002402000856013202024       2020                        eng d  a0141-813000aStructural and physical analysis of underwater silk from housing nest composites of a tropical chironomid midge0 aStructural and physical analysis of underwater silk from housing  cNOV   a934-9420 v1633 a<p>Chironomids are an abundant group of aquatic silk spinning insects. They offer a unique opportunity of silk harvestation without killing them; however, they remained underappreciated models in silk research. Here, we investigate the structural and biomechanical characteristics of silk from the midge, Chironomus ramosus. A combination of microscopic (SEM), spectroscopic (CD and IR), structural (XRD), thermal (DSC and TGA) and mechanical measurement tools and techniques were employed to gain critical insights on midge silk. Maximum yield of silk was obtained from Chironomus in similar to 2.5 h, the shortest time reported among insects. The network of water-insoluble silk fibres possessed the smallest diameter of 110 +/- 35 nm, known for any insect silk, qualifying its superiority in fibre fineness. We demonstrate a cruelty-free silk extraction method in contrast to the conventional violent techniques. Structural characterization indicated coexistence of various secondary conformations, beta sheets being predominant. We compare and contrast these features to well-characterized caddisfly and silk-worm silks and highlight the uniqueness in midge silk that render mechanical stability and potentially contribute to its multi-functionalization. We thus propose Chironomus as an emerging candidate of water-borne silk, especially in the context of the `Peace silk' industry, aiming to develop non-violent methods for silk harvestation from animals. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>
10abiopolymer10aChironomus10aCommercial applications10aHousing nest composite10aPeace silk10aUnderwater silk1 aThorat, Leena1 aJoseph, Emmanuel1 aNisal, Anuya1 aShukla, Ekta1 aRaviKumar, Ameeta1 aNath, Bimalendu, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structural-and-physical-analysis-underwater-silk-housing-nest-composites-tropical-chironomid02458nas a2200277   4500008004100000020001300041245007900054210006900133260000800202300000900210490000700219520159500226653002501821653002001846653001401866653003001880653002601910653002601936100002201962700002001984700001802004700002202022700002102044700001702065856009802082       2021                        eng d  a0971119800aGreen antibacterial molecules: sophorolipids with varying fatty acid chain0 aGreen antibacterial molecules sophorolipids with varying fatty a  cNOV  a431+0 v353 aAntibiotic resistance is a rising problem of over the last decade making it difficult to treat infections caused by various pathogenic bacteria. To tackle this problem, newer antimicrobial strategies are being explored. Sophorolipids (SLs) are a class of biomolecules produced by a non-pathogenic yeast Starmarella bombicola (S. bombicold) with surfactant as well as potent broad spectrum antibacterial activity. In this work, we have successfully synthesized sophorolipids using different fatty acids with increasing chain length of hydrophobic tail; Lauric acid (C12)-LASL, Myristic acid (C14)-MASL, Palmitic acid (C16)-PASL and Stearic acid (C18)-SASL. We have used various techniques like FTIR, HRMS to characterize the synthesized SL. Further, we have measured properties like the critical micellar concentration for these biosurfactants and the SL's showed CMC less than or equal to 100 mg/L indicating excellent surface-active property. We have studied the antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, the antibacterial activity was found to be more potent as the chain length of the fatty acid in the SL decreased. This trend was found to be reverse for toxicity towards mammalian cells. The shorter chain fatty acid SL's were found to be less cytotoxic. These results indicate that the sophorolipid candidates with shorter chain lengths would be beneficial for various biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and wound healing. Keywords: sophorolipid, biosurfactant, short chain fatty acid, antibacterial10aAntibacterial agents10aCells (Biology)10aInfection10aMicrobial drug resistance10aSaturated fatty acids10aSurface active agents1 aHirlekar, Swarali1 aAbhyankar, Isha1 aKane, Kartiki1 aTrimukhe, Kalpana1 aPrabhune, Asmita1 aNisal, Anuya  uhttps://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A684660702/AONE?u=anon~d0cd1b4e&sid=googleScholar&xid=1a6d61d902695nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260000900218300001400227490000700241520205600248100002102304700002902325700002202354700001702376856012002393       2021                        eng d  a0743-746300aMechanism of adhesion of natural polymer coatings to chemically modified siloxane polymer0 aMechanism of adhesion of natural polymer coatings to chemically   cMAR   a2974-29840 v373 a<p>Surface coatings play an important role in improving the performance of biomedical implants. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a commonly used material for biomedical implants, and surface-coated PDMS implants frequently face problems such as delamination or cracking of the coating. In this work, we have measured the performance of nano-coatings of the biocompatible protein polymer silk fibroin (SF) on pristine as well as modified PDMS surfaces. The PDMS surfaces have been modified using oxygen plasma treatment and 3-amino-propyltriethoxy-silane (APTES) treatment. Although these techniques of PDMS modification have been known, their effects on adhesion of SF nano-coatings have not been studied. Interestingly, testing of the coated samples using a bulk technique such as tensile and bending deformation showed that the SF nano-coating exhibits improved crack resistance when the PDMS surface has been modified using APTES treatment as compared to an oxygen plasma treatment. These results were validated at the microscopic and mesoscopic length scales through nano-scratch and nano-indentation measurements. Further, we developed a unique method using modified atomic force microscopy to measure the adhesive energy between treated PDMS surfaces and SF molecules. These measurements indicated that the adhesive strength of PDMS-APTES-SF is 10 times more compared to PDMS-O-2-SF due to the higher number of molecular linkages formed in this nanoscale contact. This lower number of molecular linkages in the PDMS-O-2 indicates that only fewer numbers of surface hydroxyl groups interact with the SF protein through secondary interactions such as hydrogen bonding. On the other hand, a larger number of amine groups present on PDMS-APTES surface hydrogen bond with the polar amino acids present on the silk fibroin protein chain, resulting in better adhesion. Thus, APTES modification to the PDMS substrate results in improved adhesion of nano-coating to the substrate and enhances the delamination and crack resistance of the nano-coatings.</p>1 aJoseph, Emmanuel1 aRajput, Shatruhan, Singh1 aPatil, Shivprasad1 aNisal, Anuya  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mechanism-adhesion-natural-polymer-coatings-chemically-modified-siloxane-polymer02277nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260000800220300001400228490000600242520159700248100002001845700001701865700002501882700001701907700002901924856013001953       2021                        eng d  a2470-134300aMyristic acid derived sophorolipid: efficient synthesis and enhanced antibacterial activity0 aMyristic acid derived sophorolipid efficient synthesis and enhan  cJAN  a1273-12790 v63 a<p>Microbial glycolipids are one of the most interesting alternatives to chemical-based surfactants as they exhibit improved biodegradability and less toxicity. However, their potential has been limited because of specificity of the yeast toward fatty acids having a carbon 16 or carbon 18 chain. This study focuses on sophorolipid (SL) production by the yeast Starmerella bombicola using myristic acid, a medium-chain carbon-14 fatty acid that has not been used as a substrate for SL production. The production was optimized for inoculum size and lipophilic substrate concentration. Furthermore, we also studied the effect of medium-chain fatty acid on yeast cell growth and optimized the process for excellent yield. The myristic acid SL (MASL) so synthesized consisted of mono- and diacetylated forms with preferential glycosylation at the methyl end group, as determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Individual congeners of the crude mixture were separated using dry column chromatography and then structurally characterized by mass spectrometry. The synthesized MASL was also shown to have promising surface tension, lowering abilities with a low CMC of 14 mg/L. The SL derived from myristic acid exhibited superior antibacterial activity as compared to SL derived from oleic acid. MASL was also found to be more potent against Gram-positive organisms as compared to Gram-negative organisms. This work, therefore, demonstrates successful synthesis of myristic acid-derived SL and its superior antibacterial activity, establishing a promising future for this biosurfactant.</p>
1 aAbhyankar, Isha1 aSevi, Ganesh1 aPrabhune, Asmita, A.1 aNisal, Anuya1 aBayatigeri, Santhakumari  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/myristic-acid-derived-sophorolipid-efficient-synthesis-and-enhanced-antibacterial-activity02121nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260000900242300001600251490000600267520114500273653002201418653002901440653002001469653004901489653002201538100002101560700002101581700001801602700002301620700001701643700003401660700002301694856012601717       2021                        eng d  a2168-048500aOne-pot bioconversion of tomato waste into poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) biopolymer by a novel biocatalyst0 aOnepot bioconversion of tomato waste into polygammaglutamic acid  cNOV   a14330-143340 v93 aLandfilling of rotten tomatoes can lead to environmental instability and a huge economic loss to the producers. This letter reports an effective valorization of tomato waste into a promising biopolymer, i.e., poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) by a novel biocatalyst Bacillus paralicheniformis NCIM 5769. The gamma-PGA is one of the most expensive biopolymers with multifarious applications in wound healing, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine fields. However, its adoption into various applications is finite due to its exorbitant production cost. Herein, rotten tomatoes (without additional nutrient supplementation) served as the chassis for the fermentative production of 40 g/L of highly pure gamma-PGA within 48 h at ambient temperature. Further, NMR, DSC, and TGA confirmed the purity of synthesized gamma-PGA identical to standard gamma-PGA. This process has potential in the commercialization of.-PGA by significantly reducing the production cost, followed by the effective utilization of tomato waste leading to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 (i.e., ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns).10aCommercialization10aPoly-gamma-glutamic acid10aRotten tomatoes10aUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals10aWaste utilization1 aNair, Pranav, G.1 aJoseph, Emmanuel1 aKilli, Naresh1 aKonchada, Sravanya1 aNisal, Anuya1 aGundloori, Rathna, Venkata Na1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/one-pot-bioconversion-tomato-waste-poly-gamma-glutamic-acid-gamma-pga-biopolymer-novel02493nas a2200289   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260000800201300001100209520157300220653003001793653002201823653002101845653002101866653001001887653001901897653001601916653001301932653001701945100002101962700001801983700001902001700002202020700001702042700002602059856011802085       2021                        eng d00aSilk fibroin and ceramic scaffolds: comparative in vitro studies for bone regeneration0 aSilk fibroin and ceramic scaffolds comparative in vitro studies   cAPR  ae102213 a<p>Synthetic bone void fillers based on calcium ceramics are used to fill cavities in the bone and promote bone regeneration. More recently, silk fibroin (SF), a protein polymer obtained from Bombyx mori silkworm, has emerged as a promising material in bone void filling. In this work, we have compared the safety and efficacy of two types of silk fibroin-based bone void fillers with currently used and commercially available ceramic bone void fillers (based on calcium sulphate, beta tricalcium phosphate, and beta tricalcium phosphate with hydroxyapatite). Further, we have also evaluated these two types of SF scaffolds, which have strikingly different structural attributes. The biocompatibility of these scaffolds was comparable as assessed by cytotoxicity assay, cellular adhesion assay, and immunogenic assay. Ability of the scaffolds to support differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into an osteoblastic lineage was also evaluated in an in vitro differentiation experiment using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. These results revealed that cells cultured on SF scaffolds exhibit higher expression of early to late markers such as Runx2, BMPs, collagen, osterix, osteopontin, and osteocalcin as compared with ceramic-based scaffolds. This observation was further validated by studying the expression of alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition. We also show that scaffolds made from same material of SF, but characterized by very different pore architectures, have diverse outcome in stem cell differentiation.</p>10abeta tricalcium phosphate10abone regeneration10abone void filler10acalcium sulphate10ahMSCs10ahydroxyapatite10aosteoblasts10ascaffold10aSilk fibroin1 aDeshpande, Rucha1 aShukla, Swati1 aSayyad, Raeesa1 aSalunke, Shalmali1 aNisal, Anuya1 aVenugopalan, Premnath  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/silk-fibroin-and-ceramic-scaffolds-comparative-vitro-studies-bone-regeneration02198nas a2200241   4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260000800203300001100211490000700222520140600229653001701635653002101652653002301673653002401696653001701720100002101737700001801758700002001776700001701796700001901813856012401832       2022                        eng d00aSilk fibroin and recombinant elastin blend nano-coatings for implantable medical devices0 aSilk fibroin and recombinant elastin blend nanocoatings for impl  cDEC  a1048750 v333 a<p>
	Silicone breast implants are conventionally used to reconstruct the shape and size of the breast in breast cancer patients. However, rate of failure of implants due to formation of capsular contracture is significantly high. Recent studies have shown that coating the surface of the implant with a biocompatible polymer can mitigate this risk. Here, we have modified the surface of implant using a biocompatible natural biopolymer silk fibroin (SF). Further, we have developed formulations of SF with a recombinantly produced elastin-like-peptide (ELP) and compared their performance with a known anti-fouling hydrophilic polymer - polyethylene oxide (PEO). Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization confirm the formation of uniform coatings. These coatings have been also characterized for their ability to resists crack formation. Further, the coatings have been evaluated for their biological performance. Our studies show that addition of 25 wt% of ELP to SF significantly enhances the crack resistance for the coatings. In addition, SF/ELP coatings reduce the adsorption of blood plasma proteins by more than 80 %. Preliminary analysis shows that the SF/ELP blend coatings are non-cytotoxic and support adhesion, growth and proliferation of fibroblast cells. The study therefore demonstrates that SF/ELP coatings have the potential to mitigate the risk of breast implant failure.</p>
10aBlood plasma10aCrack resistance10aProtein adsorption10aRecombinant elastin10aSilk fibroin1 aJoseph, Emmanuel1 aKane, Kartiki1 aParekh, Nimisha1 aNisal, Anuya1 aJanorkar, Amol  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/silk-fibroin-and-recombinant-elastin-blend-nano-coatings-implantable-medical-devices03055nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001400230490000600244520215300250653002102403653002202424653002102446653001402467653001002481653001202491653001702503100002102520700001802541700001502559700002302574700001702597700002602614856012502640       2022                        eng d  a2373-987800aSilk fibroin microparticle scaffold for use in bone void filling: safety and efficacy studies0 aSilk fibroin microparticle scaffold for use in bone void filling  cMAR  a1226-12380 v83 a<p>
	Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural biocompatible protein polymer extracted from cocoons of silkworm Bombyx mori. SF can be processed into a variety of different forms and shapes that can be used as scaffolds to support bone regeneration. Threedimensional (3D) SF scaffolds have shown promise in bone-void -filling applications. In in vitro studies, it has been demonstrated that a microparticle-based SF (M-RSF) scaffold promotes the differentiation of stem cells into an osteoblastic lineage. The expression of differentiation markers was also significantly higher for M-RSF scaffolds as compared to other SF scaffolds and commercial ceramic scaffolds. In this work, we have evaluated the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of M-RSF scaffolds as per the ISO 10993 guidelines in a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-certified facility. The cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, genotoxicity, systemic toxicity, and implantation studies confirmed that the M-RSF scaffold is biocompatible. Further, the performance of the MRSF scaffold to support bone formation was evaluated in in vivo bone implantation studies in a rabbit model. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) scaffolds were chosen as reference material for this study as they are one of the preferred materials for bone-void -filling applications. M-RSF scaffold implantation sites showed a higher number of osteoblast and osteoclast cells as compared to CaSO4 implantation sites indicating active bone remodeling. The number density of osteocytes was double for M-RSF scaffold implantation sites, and these M-RSF scaffold implantation sites were characterized by enhanced collagen deposition, pointing toward a finer quality of the new bone formed. Moreover, the M-RSF scaffold implantation sites had a negligible incidence of secondary fractures as compared to the CaSO4 implantation sites (similar to 50% sites with secondary fracture), implying a reduction in postsurgical complications. Thus, the study demonstrates that the M-RSF scaffold is nontoxic for bone-void -filling applications and facilitates superior healing of fracture defects as compared to commercial calcium-based bone void fillers.</p>
10aBiocompatibility10abiological safety10abone void filler10aISO 1099310aM-RSF10aSerioss10aSilk fibroin1 aDeshpande, Rucha1 aShukla, Swati1 aKale, Amod1 aDeshmukh, Narendra1 aNisal, Anuya1 aVenugopalan, Premnath  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/silk-fibroin-microparticle-scaffold-use-bone-void-filling-safety-and-efficacy-studies02285nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260000800237300001200245490000800257520137100265653002801636653002101664653001001685653002801695653002501723100002001748700001901768700001801787700002001805700001701825700002201842700002001864856012301884       2022                        eng d  a0141-813000aSuperior processability of Antheraea mylitta silk with cryo-milling: performance in bone tissue regeneration0 aSuperior processability of Antheraea mylitta silk with cryomilli  cJUL  a155-1650 v2133 a<p>
	Non-mulberry silk polymers have a promising future in biomedical applications. However, the dissolution of nonmulberry silk fiber is a still challenge and this poor processability has limited the use of this material. Here, we report a unique protocol to process the Antheraea mylitta (AM) silk fiber. We have shown that the cryo-milling of silk fiber reduces the beta sheet content by more than 10% and results in an SF powder that completely dissolves in routine solvents like trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) within few hours to form highly concentrated solutions (\~20 wt %). Further, these solutions can be processed using conventional processing techniques such as electrospinning to form 3D scaffolds. Bombyx mori (BM) silk was used as a control sample in the study. In-vitro studies were also performed to monitor cell adhesion and proliferation and hMSCs differentiation into osteogenic lineage. Finally, the osteogenic potential of the scaffolds was also evaluated by a 4-week implantation study in rat calvarial model. The in-vitro and in-vivo results show that the processing techniques do not affect the biocompatibility of the material and the AM scaffolds support bone regeneration. Our results, thus, show that cryo-milling facilitates enhanced processability of non-mulberry silk and therefore expands its potential in biomedical applications.</p>
10aBone tissue engineering10aCalvarial defect10ahMSCs10aNon-mulberry silk fiber10aProcessing technique1 aParekh, Nimisha1 aBijosh, C., K.1 aKane, Kartiki1 aPanicker, Alaka1 aNisal, Anuya1 aWangikar, Pralhad1 aAgawane, Sachin  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/superior-processability-antheraea-mylitta-silk-cryo-milling-performance-bone-tissue02466nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260000800241300001600249490000600265520162400271653001501895653001901910653002401929653001601953653001701969100001501986700002102001700002002022700001702042700002502059856012802084       2022                        eng d  a2637-610500aViscoelastic liquid from regenerated silk fibroin in the silk i conformation: a writeable and shapeable material0 aViscoelastic liquid from regenerated silk fibroin in the silk i   cJUN  a4699–47080 v43 a<p>
	Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) has acquired enormous attention because of its exceptional toughness, strength, and biocompatible nature. These properties make RSF a potential candidate for the fabrication of different types of materials. However, processing even a dilute aqueous solution of RSF leads to a conformational transformation from a random coil/helix-rich (silk I) to a beta-sheetrich (silk II) state. As a consequence, RSF tends to form aggregates and loses its toughness. Working in a direction to address this problem, an aqueous solution of regenerated silk fibroin has been modified with a dual layer of polyethylenimine (PEI) and a PEG-based polymer surfactant (PS). Upon freeze-drying, the RSF-polymer complex forms a solvent-free RSF bioconjugate system and exhibits a soft solid to liquid melting transition at similar to 45 degrees C. The sequential modification with PEI and PS preserves the native-like random coil conformation of RSF up to at least 8 months of storage by not allowing interchain interactions that can lead to aggregation. Rheological and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements show that the solvent-free system is viscoelastic and exhibits a higher order microstructure mediated by the packing of the PS chains, respectively. Temperature-dependent soft solid-liquid-like dual behavior offers applications in injection-based writing, compression molding, and shaping RSF bioconjugates into various types of geometries. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the RSF bioconjugate system can be modulated by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde vapor at 50 degrees C.</p>
10aRSF liquid10aRSF soft solid10asilk I conformation10asilk liquid10aviscoelastic1 aKumar, Raj1 aJoseph, Emmanuel1 aChaudhari, Atul1 aNisal, Anuya1 aSharma, Kamendra, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/viscoelastic-liquid-regenerated-silk-fibroin-silk-i-conformation-writeable-and-shapeable02246nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260000800197300001100205490000700216520166400223100002001887700002201907700002101929700001701950856009701967       2024                        eng d  a1359-029400aBridging the gap: an investigation of biosurfactants-polymer systems0 aBridging the gap an investigation of biosurfactantspolymer syste  cAUG  a1018060 v723 a<p>
	Biosurfactants (BSs) have been extensively researched due to their potential applications in various fields, including textiles, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and oil remediation. These BSs possess a diverse range of physical, chemical, and biological properties. In recent years, researchers have combined these biosurfactants with both natural and synthetic polymers, resulting in the development of advanced material systems that exhibit a unique combination of properties. This review focuses on highlighting the recent advancements in these biosurfactant-polymer material systems and identifies existing gaps in the literature. The combination of biosurfactants with polymers has led to the formation of interpenetrated hydrogels, films, chemically modified surfaces, vesicles, functionalized nanofiber nonwoven mats, nano-formulations, and nano-assemblies. Some studies have also investigated the interactions between biosurfactants and polymer molecules. In most cases, non-specific, non-covalent interactions, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions have been found to govern the properties of these systems. Moreover, promising results have been achieved through the covalent modification of polymer surfaces, followed by functionalization using biosurfactant molecules. The literature demonstrates that these advanced materials could find applications in various fields, including drug delivery, bioremediation, biomedical materials, and as antimicrobial agents. These findings indicate the promising potential of biosurfactant-polymer systems for future advancements in these areas.</p>
1 aAbhyankar, Isha1 aHirlekar, Swarali1 aPrabhune, Asmita1 aNisal, Anuya  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/bridging-gap-investigation-biosurfactants-polymer-systems02917nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260000800228300001100236490000800247520193700255653002102192653002602213653001402239653001202253653001102265653001702276653002402293100002102317700001802338700001502356700001902371700002002390700002302410700001702433700002602450856012702476       2025                        eng d  a0141-813000aEngineered silk matrix as a substitute for acellular dermal matrix in breast reconstruction surgery0 aEngineered silk matrix as a substitute for acellular dermal matr  cJUN  a1440170 v3123 a<p>
	Implant-based breast reconstruction is a common standard of care for breast cancer patients following mastectomy. To support implant weight and placement, surgeons utilize autologous tissues, acellular dermal matrices (ADMs), or synthetic meshes. While ADMs provide structural support, they present significant risks, including infection transmission and seroma. Conversely, synthetic meshes exhibit poor cellular adhesion, leading to inadequate tissue integration. To address these challenges, there is a need for a matrix that enhances tissue integration while minimizing infection risks and other complications. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural biopolymer, possesses excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. This study introduces a novel engineered silk matrix (ESM) as an advanced solution for soft tissue regeneration, specifically in breast reconstruction surgery. The present study establishes the safety of ESM and evaluates its potential a tissue regeneration matrix through extensive in-vitro and in-vivo analyses. In-vitro assays demonstrated superior cellular adhesion, proliferation of human mammary fibroblast cells (HMFCs), collagen deposition and angiogenesis in ESM compared to collagen matrices and ADMs. Safety assessments, conducted in accordance with ISO 10993 guidelines, confirmed noncytotoxic nature of ESM. Furthermore, subcutaneous implantation revealed no systemic toxicity or adverse tissue reactions. In-vivo studies utilizing a Yorkshire pig model of simulated breast reconstruction surgery, demonstrated superior performance of ESM over collagen matrices in tissue regeneration. The findings showed enhanced fibroblast density, increased collagen deposition, and improved vascularization. These results suggest that ESM is a safer and more effective alternative to ADMs in breast reconstruction, with the potential to revolutionize post-mastectomy care for breast cancer patients.</p>
10aBiocompatibility10aBreast reconstruction10aISO 1099310aPolymer10aSafety10aSilk protein10atissue regeneration1 aDeshpande, Rucha1 aShukla, Swati1 aKale, Amod1 aSayyad, Raeesa1 aKewale, Bhawana1 aDeshmukh, Narendra1 aNisal, Anuya1 aVenugopalan, Premnath  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/engineered-silk-matrix-substitute-acellular-dermal-matrix-breast-reconstruction-surgery02126nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221300001100229490000700240520127600247653002101523653001501544653001401559653001701573653001801590100002101608700002401629700001901653700001801672700001701690700002601707856012701733       2025                        eng d  a1616-518700aEngineered silk-dressing for acceleratedwound healing: biocompatibility and efficacy studies0 aEngineered silkdressing for acceleratedwound healing biocompatib  cNOV  ae003230 v253 a<p>
	Advanced wound care dressings are essential for improving clinical outcomes. The present study investigates the wound management potential of a unique dressing fabricated from silk proteins. The dressing was characterized for its physical and structural properties, including surface texture, porosity, fluid absorption capacity, and moisture vapor transmission rate. These parameters have been found to be critical for optimal wound healing. In vivo full thickness wound healing studies in a rat model validated the efficacy of the Silk-dressing compared to conventional cotton gauze and commercial polyurethane foam dressings. Histopathological analysis confirmed improved re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and formation of secondary follicles. Key advantages of Silk-dressing included non-adherence, absorption of exudate, maintenance of optimal moisture at wound site and acceleratedwound closure. Biocompatibility studies were also conducted in accordance with ISO 10993 guidelines, demonstrating no cytotoxicity, irritation, sensitization, or pyrogenicity. These findings highlight the potential of this uniquely designed Silk-dressing as a superior alternative for wound management, with a potential to improve clinical outcomes.</p>
10aBiocompatibility10abiopolymer10aISO 1099310aSilk protein10awound Healing1 aDeshpande, Rucha1 aPillai, Lakshmi, R.1 aSayyad, Raeesa1 aShukla, Swati1 aNisal, Anuya1 aVenugopalan, Premnath  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/engineered-silk-dressing-acceleratedwound-healing-biocompatibility-and-efficacy-studies