01649nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260000800194300001400202490000700216520112800223100002401351700002201375856010601397 2014 eng d00aFunction of metals and supports on the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds0 aFunction of metals and supports on the hydrodeoxygenation of phe cNOV a1573-15830 v793 a

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is an important process for removing oxygen from lignin-derived phenolic monomers to obtain chemicals that can be used as fuel or fuel additives. A systematic study is performed to check the effects of supports (acidic, neutral, basic) and noble metals (Pd, Pt, Ru) on the HDO of phenol, guaiacol, and eugenol. Evaluation of the combinations of metals and supports under the similar reaction conditions shows that the metals supported on a highly acidic support (SiO2-Al2O3) yield complete hydrogenation products with the possibility of C[BOND]O bond cleavage to achieve a real HDO activity, whereas on a mildly acidic support (gamma-Al2O3), a complicated product distribution is achieved, and neutral (C) and basic (HT) supports give restricted hydrogenation activity but yield the products with very high selectivity. On the basis of the results, reaction pathways are suggested and deliberated. The catalysts show reproducible activity in recycle runs. The catalysts are characterized by various techniques (XRD, TEM, TPD, ICP-OES) to establish the catalyst activityproperty relationship.

1 aDeepa, Ayillath, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/function-metals-and-supports-hydrodeoxygenation-phenolic-compounds01494nas a2200217 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147260000800216300002600224490000600250520070700256100002800963700002600991700002001017700002201037700002301059700002101082700002201103700002101125856013001146 2017 eng d00aDirect production of furfural in one-pot fashion from raw biomass using bronsted acidic ionic liquids0 aDirect production of furfural in onepot fashion from raw biomass cOCT aArticle Number: 135080 v73 aThe conversion of raw biomass into C5-sugars and furfural was demonstrated with the one-pot method using Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) without any mineral acids or metal halides. Various BAILs were synthesized and characterized using NMR, FT-IR, TGA, and CHNS microanalysis and were used as the catalyst for raw biomass conversion. The remarkably high yield (i.e. 88%) of C5 sugars from bagasse can be obtained using 1-methyl-3(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([C3SO3HMIM][HSO4]) BAIL catalyst in a water medium. Similarly, the [C3SO3HMIM][HSO4] BAIL also converts the bagasse into furfural with very high yield (73%) in one-pot method using a water/toluene biphasic solvent system.1 aMatsagar, Babasaheb, M.1 aHossain, Shahriar, A.1 aIslam, Tofazzal1 aAlamri, Hatem, R.1 aAlothman, Zeid, A.1 aYamauchi, Yusuke1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.1 aWu, Kevin, C. W. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/direct-production-furfural-one-pot-fashion-raw-biomass-using-bronsted-acidic-ionic-liquids01632nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169260000800238300001400246490000700260520103800267100002801305700002201333856013101355 2017 eng d00affects of cations, anions and H+ concentration of acidic ionic liquids on the valorization of polysaccharides into furfural0 affects of cations anions and H concentration of acidic ionic liq cJUL a6137-61440 v413 aThe valorization of hemicellulose into valuable chemicals, such as C5 sugars and furfural, in a one-pot fashion is crucial. In this work, acidic ionic liquids in the presence of water showed high yields of C5 sugars (>80%) with >99% conversion of hemicelluloses at 160 degrees C. With a water + toluene biphasic solvent system, within 4 h, an 85% furfural yield was obtained directly from hemicellulose in a one-pot fashion using a catalytic amount of 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate. It was seen that Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) perform better than solid acid [Faujasite and Mordenite zeolites; ion exchange resin, Amberlyst-15] and mineral catalysts [HCl and H2SO4]. The higher activity of BAILs compared to solid acids and mineral acids was correlated to the Hammett acidity function (Ho) and ion-dipole type of interactions. The catalysts were characterized using NMR (H-1 and C-13), elemental analysis and TGA to confirm that they were stable under reaction conditions and were thus recyclable.1 aMatsagar, Babasaheb, M.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ffects-cations-anions-and-h-concentration-acidic-ionic-liquids-valorization-polysaccharides01645nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014200041210006900183260000800252300001200260490000700272520105300279100002201332700002201354856012301376 2018 eng d00aEffect of structural properties of organosolv lignins isolated from different rice husks on their liquefaction using acidic ionic liquids0 aEffect of structural properties of organosolv lignins isolated f cMAY a739-7500 v203 aLignin is the only naturally available sustainable resource of aromatic compound on the Earth. Depending on the properties of lignin and the reaction conditions employed for the liquefaction, it is observed that the product distribution alters. Since ionic liquids (ILs) are considered as green and have tuneable properties, in the current work, imidazolium-based acidic ILs were employed to liquefy organosolv lignins derived from different varieties of rice husks. When liquefaction was carried out at 120 A degrees C for 1 h 36% yield for EtOAc- and DEE-soluble products with high mass balance (97 +/- 3%) was observed. The detailed characterisations of lignins and organic solvent-soluble products were done by variety of techniques [GC-MS, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 2D (HSQC) NMR], and based on this, the correlation between activity and properties of catalyst and lignin was established. Depolymerisation of organosolv lignin (derived from three rice husks) into aromatic product was done, and experimental correlation studies were performed in both. 1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-structural-properties-organosolv-lignins-isolated-different-rice-husks-their01364nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001500041245014900056210006900205260000800274300001400282490000600296520074000302100002001042700002201062856012201084 2018 eng d a 2044-475300a Efficient method for cyclopentanone synthesis from furfural: understanding the role of solvents and solubility in a bimetallic catalytic system0 aEfficient method for cyclopentanone synthesis from furfural unde cOCT a5259-52690 v83 aThe platform chemical, furfural (FAL), is obtained from C5 stream of biomass, and effective conversion into various chemicals including cyclopentanone (CPO) would find many industrial applications. It is desirable to convert FAL to CPO under low H-2 pressure with high selectivity. In the current work, bimetallic catalysts with Pt as the base metal supported on carbon are evaluated in the synthesis of CPO using a biphasic solvent system. By tuning the solvent ratio, with toluene/water (3:4 v/v), 75% yield of CPO is achieved under 1 MPa H-2 at 180 degrees C. The difference in solubility of the substrate, intermediates and products, along with the optimum ratio of Pt and Co metals plays a crucial role in achieving better yields.1 aDohade, Manisha1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-method-cyclopentanone-synthesis-furfural-understanding-role-solvents-and01584nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260000800244300001200252490000800264520099100272100002201263700002201285856013101307 2018 eng d00a Experimental evidences for existence of varying moieties and functional groups in assorted crop waste derived organosolv lignins0 aExperimental evidences for existence of varying moieties and fun cSEP a144-1510 v1193 aIsolation of organosolv lignins (ORGLs, water:ethanol, 180 degrees C, 1 h, 93 +/- 5% mass balance) from various lignocellulosic materials like rice husk (RH), wheat straw (WS), bagasse (BG) & wood chips (WC) was done and experimental evidences are provided to perceive the differences in the structures of isolated lignins. To achieve this on bulk level, lignins were characterized by XRD, GPC, TGA & elemental analysis and on molecular level using UV-vis, ATR, 1D/2D HSQC NMR techniques. Besides isolated lignins, crop wastes and pulps were also characterized to divulge details on their properties. It was revealed that lignins have varying concentrations of sinapyl (S), coniferyl (G) and p-coumaryl alcohols (H) and tricin (T) moieties. While, Tricin (T) type lignin moieties are observed only in RH and WS derived lignins, RH derived lignin has higher concentration of side chains than other isolated lignins. Additionally, it is discovered that most lignins have G as main moiety.1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/experimental-evidences-existence-varying-moieties-and-functional-groups-assorted-crop-waste01176nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000800247300001500255490000600270520038500276100002800661700002000689700002900709700002500738700002100763700002200784700002200806856013000828 2018 eng d a2398-490200a Glucose isomerization catalyzed by bone char and the selective production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in aqueous media0 aGlucose isomerization catalyzed by bone char and the selective p cOCT a 2148-21530 v23 aThe selective production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is important, and it is difficult with glucose substrates in a water solvent. Here we demonstrate a selective method for glucose-to-HMF conversion using the combined catalysis of bone char and 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate acidic ionic liquid catalysts with a high HMF selectivity (54%) in water.1 aMatsagar, Babasaheb, M.1 aVan Nguyen, Chi1 aHossain, Md., Shahriar A1 aIslam, Md., Tofazzal1 aYamauchi, Yusuke1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.1 aWu, Kevin, C. -W. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/glucose-isomerization-catalyzed-bone-char-and-selective-production-5-hydroxymethylfurfural02117nas a2200385 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260000800211300001200219490000800231520091600239653001501155653001901170653000901189653002301198653002101221100002701242700001801269700002101287700002801308700002101336700002201357700002401379700002501403700002501428700002301453700001901476700002401495700002801519700002301547700002101570700002801591856011201619 2018 eng d a0254-058400aHigh surface area nanoporous carbon derived from high quality jute from Bangladesh0 aHigh surface area nanoporous carbon derived from high quality ju cSEP a491-4950 v2163 a

We report an economically viable and environment-friendly strategy for the preparation of nanoporous carbon (NC) from jute which is one of the most abundant natural fibers produced in Bangladesh and some South Asian countries. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, and scanning/transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the obtained NC. Three different types of jute-derived NCs have been synthesized at three different temperatures, 700 degrees C, 800 degrees C and 900 degrees C. The NC prepared at 800 degrees C resulted in a high surface area (981 m(2) g(-2)) and was associated with the retention of the original fibrous shapes. This study shows a promising future for jute as a natural precursor for NCs for a myriad of applications ranging from water purification to gas separation to energy conversion and storage.

10aAdsorbents10aGraphitization10aJute10aNanoporous carbons10aporous materials1 aKhan, Junayet, Hossain1 aLin, Jianjian1 aYoung, Christine1 aMatsagar, Babasaheb, M.1 aWu, Kevin, C. W.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.1 aIslam, Md, Tofazzal1 aRahman, Md, Mahbubur1 aShrestha, Lok, Kumar1 aAlshehri, Saad, M.1 aAhamad, Tansir1 aSalunkhe, Rahul, R.1 aKumar, Nanjundan, Ashok1 aMartin, Darren, J.1 aYamauchi, Yusuke1 aHossain, Md, Shahriar A uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-surface-area-nanoporous-carbon-derived-high-quality-jute-bangladesh02172nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260000800217300001500225490000600240520153500246100002401781700002801805700002501833700002201858856011001880 2018 eng d a2044-475300a KLTL-MCM-41 micro-mesoporous composite as a solid base for the hydrogenation of sugars 0 aKLTLMCM41 micromesoporous composite as a solid base for the hydr cDEC a 6429-64400 v83 aAn approach to the synthesis of KLTL-MCM-41 micro-mesoporous composites of varying SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio (20-8) was designed by following green technology. The synthesis was based on the recycling of waste mother liquor containing preformed KLTL zeolite crystals and unutilized reagents. The micro-mesoporous composites consist of KLTL zeolite crystals preformed through hydrothermal treatment in the first step. In the second step, the siliceous mother liquor was transformed into mesoporous MCM-41. The physico-chemical properties of the KLTL-MCM-41 micro-mesoporous composites were determined by PXRD, ICP-OES, FTIR, CO2-TPD, Al-27 MAS-NMR, TEM-EDX, HRTEM, and N-2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The mesopores properties of the KLTL-MCM-41 composites depended on the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio. The characterization results led to the following conclusions with decreasing SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio: 1) decreasing order of the mesophase, 2) decreasing wall thickness of the mesopores, and 3) decreasing BET surface area and pore volume. Al-27 MAS-NMR spectra showed that only tetrahedrally coordinated aluminium was contained in zeolite KLTL. Moreover, the total amount and the strength of the basic sites of the KLTL-MCM-41 micro-mesoporous composites owing to the exchangeable potassium content (Al/K ratio approximate to 1) decreased in the order: 8 MMC > 10 MMC > 15 MMC > 20 MMC. The catalytic activity of the synthesized micro-mesoporous samples as a solid base was tested for the hydrogenation of xylose to sugar alcohols1 aTangale, Nilesh, P.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aJoshi, Praphulla, N.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/kltl-mcm-41-micro-mesoporous-composite-solid-base-hydrogenation-sugars01819nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260000800215300001400223490000600237520125400243100002201497700002201519856013201541 2018 eng d00aNovel synthesis of immobilized bronsted- acidic ionic liquid: application in lignin depolymerization0 aNovel synthesis of immobilized bronsted acidic ionic liquid appl cMAY a5461-54700 v33 aDesigning of efficient catalyst for the valorization of lignin is a topic of long neglect due to intrinsic properties of lignin. We show designing of an efficient, stable and recyclable Immobilized-Bronsted acidic ionic liquid (I-BAIL), which was further used as a solid acid catalyst for the depolymerization of lignin. The synthesized I-BAIL catalyst with sulfonic acid (-SO3H) groups was found to be stable until 250 degrees C and has 42.2 wt.% loading of BAIL anchored on silica framework. The detailed characterization (elemental, Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transformation-infrared, Nuclear magnetic resonance) of catalyst disclosed formation of strong covalent bond between Si and carbon of BAIL, which in turn is responsible for achieving a stable catalyst. The catalyst could successfully depolymerize range of lignin substrates with high molecular weight (60000 Dalton) at 200(degrees)C in 1 h to achieve 90% yield of tetrahydrofuran soluble products with good mass balance. The formation of products and correlation of products with lignin was achieved with the help of Nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography etc.1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-synthesis-immobilized-bronsted-acidic-ionic-liquid-application-lignin-depolymerization01565nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260000800214300001600222490000600238520083700244653001301081653001501094653001101109653001301120653002401133653001701157100002201174700002201196856011701218 2019 eng d a2365-654900aAltering the O/C ratio of lignin derived monomers without sacrificing atom efficiency0 aAltering the OC ratio of lignin derived monomers without sacrifi cDEC a14050-140550 v43 a

Synthesis of platform and fuel grade chemicals from lignin without losing atom efficiency and lowering O/C ratio is a challenge in a bio-refinery concept. In this work, we report solid acid catalysed alkylation of lignin derived variety of monomers such as guaiacol, veretrole, phenol, anisole, and catechol using numerous alcohols as alkylating agents. Results elaborate that the type of acidity and structure of catalyst play important role in achieving higher dialkylated products (DAP). With 85% conversion of guaiacol, 30.9% DAP formation was achieved at 250 degrees C within 2 h. A unique substrate adsorption study on the catalyst surface and effect of solubility of substrates on the activity of catalyst is evaluated. Catalyst was observed to be recyclable with marginal loss in the activity due to handling error.

10aAlcohols10aAlkylation10alignin10aMonomers10asolid acid catalyst10aUp-gradation1 aSingh, Dheerendra1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/altering-oc-ratio-lignin-derived-monomers-without-sacrificing-atom-efficiency01732nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005900114260000800173300001400181490000700195520124000202100002101442700002201463856008901485 2019 eng d a0887-062400aDepolymerization of lignin using a solid base catalyst0 aDepolymerization of lignin using a solid base catalyst cMAY a4369-43770 v333 a

Lignin extraction from lignocellulosic biomass has attracted considerable attention for an alternative production of sustainable fuels and chemicals. We report the lignin isolation from coconut coir using Klason, organosolv, and soda methods and the depolymerization of isolated lignin to value-added chemicals using a solid base catalyst. The yield of isolated lignin by the Klason method was found to be about 4 to 6 times higher than that by other methods. The structure of isolated Klason lignin (CC-KL), organosolv lignin (CC-ORGL), and soda lignin (CC-SL) was studied using attenuated total reflection (ATR), NMR, microanalysis, and so forth. The monomer molecular formula derived from microanalysis suggested that coir lignin is rich in guaiacyl units. ATR and C-13 NMR clearly indicate that CC-ORGL contains more C-C bonds compared to CC-KL and CC-SL. Subsequently, these isolated lignins were depolymerized over a solid base catalyst (NaX) under atmospheric pressure. CC-SL shows a high yield of aromatic products (28%) compared to CC-ORGL and CC-KL. In order to develop a sustainable future technology, one-pot depolymerization of coconut coir was performed which resulted in a high yield (64%) of aromatic products.

1 aChaudhary, Richa1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/depolymerization-lignin-using-solid-base-catalyst01988nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260000800240520124700248653003901495653002101534653003801555653001601593653001101609100002201620700002201642856013001664 2019 eng d a1877-264100aFormic-acid-induced using recyclable-ionic liquids as catalysts for lignin conversion into aromatic co-products0 aFormicacidinduced using recyclableionic liquids as catalysts for cNOV3 a

Lignin has been widely named as a sustainable and renewable bioresource of energy, fuels, chemicals and materials, particularly phenolic chemicals production on Earth. These bio-derived compounds are in great potential need of biorefinery to valorize complete plant biomass. Lignin depolymerization showed a great promise approach to convert into low molecular aromatic products. In this report, high molecular weight (54,000 Da) lignin depolymerization into maximum yields (87%), (>= 95 +/- 6% mass balance) using a formic acid along with dual (-SO3H) functionalized imidazole-based recyclable (4 times) Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) as catalysts have been investigated in H2O-CH3OH (1:5, v/v) at 120 degrees C for 1 h. The structural correlations between the lignin and aromatic products were studied by bulk (CHNS, GPC, etc.) and molecular (UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR (1D/2D) levels experimental techniques. Additionally, the identification of aromatic products was carried out by applying HPLC, GC and GC-MS techniques. Graphic Addition of a formic acid into Bronsted acidic ionic liquids improved the catalytic efficiency significantly for lignin depolymerization into 87% low molecular weight aromatic products. [GRAPHICS] .

10aBulk and molecular levels analysis10adepolymerization10aDual functionalized ionic liquids10aFormic acid10alignin1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/formic-acid-induced-using-recyclable-ionic-liquids-catalysts-lignin-conversion-aromatic-co02383nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260000900250300001600259490000700275520177400282100002202056700002202078856012502100 2019 eng d a0888-588500aLignin conversion using catalytic ionic liquids: understanding the role of cations, anions, and hammett acidity functions0 aLignin conversion using catalytic ionic liquids understanding th cNOV  a21273-212840 v583 a

Because it is undisputable that lignin depolymerization is a must to make the biorefinery concept economically feasible, several efforts are put toward it; however, a lot of catalyst designing is required to achieve efficient depolymerization activities. In this work, we show a systematic approach in the synthesis and characterization of ionic liquids (ILs) with varying combinations of cations (imidazole, benzimidazole, phosphonium, and ammonium) and anions (HSO4, PTS (p-toluenesulfonate), Cl, H2PO4, SnCl3, FeCl4, and CuCl3) for the depolymerization of lignin into low-molecular weight aromatic fractions (<220 g/mol) under mild reaction conditions (120 degrees C, 1 h, ambient pressure). In a methodical approach, effects of various reaction parameters such as temperature (70-170 degrees C), time (15-360 min), pressure (N-2, 0.5-3 MPa), solvents and substrate, and so forth were studied to achieve best activity. Among all the catalysts, IL with the imidazolium cation and HSO4 as the anion showed best activity (78% yield). Subsequent to depolymerization, three aromatic monomers (5 wt % pure vanillin) were isolated using flash column chromatography. These aromatic monomers were characterized using gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry, and NMR techniques for their purity. Hammett acidity functions (H-0) of ILs were measured using UV-vis photo-spectroscopy, and values are correlated with lignin depolymerization results. Lignin and tetrahydrofuran-soluble products were thoroughly characterized using assorted physicochemical techniques such as NMR (H-1 and C-13), gel permittivity chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and so forth. The catalyst was recycled up to six runs and showed similar results in consecutive reactions.

1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/lignin-conversion-using-catalytic-ionic-liquids-understanding-role-cations-anions-and02142nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260000800225300000900233490000700242520135700249100002401606700002501630700002501655700002801680700002201708700001801730700002201748700002301770856013101793 2020 eng d00aCarbon supported size-controlled ru catalysts for selective levulinic acid hydrogenation into γ-valerolactone0 aCarbon supported sizecontrolled ru catalysts for selective levul cJAN a5-160 v133 a

Liquid phase levulinic acid hydrogenation into γ-valerolactone in 1,4-dioxane as a solvent (165°C, 20 bar) was studied over a range of Ru monometallic catalysts using mesoporous carbon material Sibunit as a support. In addition to the catalyst prepared by impregnation with RuCl3∙nH2O (0.1 M) followed by reduction in H2, size-controlled Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts were synthesized by immobilization of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Ru nanoparticles (NPs) (dRu=2.4 nm). Сarbon supported colloidal Ru NPs were not studied earlier in levulinic acid hydrogenation. Activity of colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts was found to be lower than that of impregnated Ru/Sibunit which could be attributed to hampering effect of PVP. However, colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit purified by thermal treatment in air (180°C) followed by reduction in H2 (400°C) exhibited the same activity as impregnated one yielding 93% γ-valerolactone at 100% levulinic acid conversion. Applicability of supported PVP-assisted colloidal Ru NPs in hydrogenation of levulinic acid illustrates a potential to prepare more efficient catalysts for this reaction with a desired particle size. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRF, and N2 physisorption to compare their physical chemical properties.

1 aSimakova, Irina, L.1 aDemidova, Yuliya, S.1 aSimonov, Mikhail, N.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aDevi, Nandini1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.1 aMurzin, Dmitry, Yu uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbon-supported-size-controlled-ru-catalysts-selective-levulinic-acid-hydrogenation-%CE%B302147nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260000800284300001600292490000800308520134400316653001701660653002301677653001101700653002101711653002901732100002201761700002201783856012401805 2020 eng d a2468-823100aUnderstanding the influence of alumina supported ruthenium catalysts synthesis and reaction parameters on the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derived monomers0 aUnderstanding the influence of alumina supported ruthenium catal cJAN aUNSP 1105250 v4803 a

Up-gradation of lignin derived monomers to value-added and fuel grade products is important to make overall bio-refinery process economical. Although, few studies are devoted on this work yet, systematic study on commercially viable (low loading of metal, recyclable catalyst, mild conditions, high selectivities etc.) is scarce and typically done under harsh conditions. Herein, we report, the methodical effect of support (SiO2, Al2O3 (acidic, basic and neutral), SiO2-Al2O3) on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin derived various monomers, guaiacol, veretrol, eugenol, phenol using very low loading (0.5 wt%) Ru catalyst. Very high yield (82%) of cyclohexanol from guaiacol could be achieved in presence of cyclohexane as a solvent and Ru/Al2O3-Acidic catalyst at 225 degrees C and under 1 MPa H-2 pressure. The detailed study on the effect of solvent, stability and adsorption of reactant & products etc. is done and it was observed that products are more prone to adsorb and undergo further reactions. The complete characterization of fresh and spent catalysts revealed that lower catalyst reduction temperature and presence of Ru in partially higher oxidation state proved by XPS, helps in enhancing the cyclohexanol formation. Subsequently, role of Ru particle size and support on the activity was also investigated.

10aCyclohexanol10aHydrodeoxygenation10alignin10areaction pathway10asupported metal catalyst1 aSingh, Dheerendra1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/understanding-influence-alumina-supported-ruthenium-catalysts-synthesis-and-reaction01530nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204260000900273300001100282490000800293520071800301653004301019653001701062653002301079653001101102653003001113100002201143700002201165856012501187 2021 eng d a1566-736700aEfficient catalytic transfer hydrogenation-hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derived monomers: investigating catalyst properties-activity correlation0 aEfficient catalytic transfer hydrogenationhydrodeoxygenation of  cJAN  a1062200 v1493 a

Reduction of O/C ratio of lignin derived monomers via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) pathway is conventionally furnished using molecular hydrogen under severe conditions. Nonetheless, due to a prerequisite to accomplish HDO through commercially attractive methodology we report, HDO reactions of various phenolic compounds via catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) pathway using very low loading of Ru (0.5 wt%) on neutral and acidic Al2O3 under nitrogen atmosphere. With guaiacol as a substrate, 74% cyclohexanol yield at 225 degrees C in the presence of IPA is realized. Bi-functionality of metal state, acidity of support and nature of alcohol are perceived to be responsible for the variation in activity.

10aCatalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH)10aCyclohexanol10aHydrodeoxygenation10alignin10aSupported metal catalysts1 aSingh, Dheerendra1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-catalytic-transfer-hydrogenation-hydrodeoxygenation-lignin-derived-monomers11157nas a2200217 45000080041000000220014000412450135000552100069001902600008002593000011002674900008002785201038200286653002410668653001810692653001810710653001010728653001910738100002110757700002210778856013910800 2021 eng d a0008-621500aElucidating the effect of solid base on the hydrogenation of C5 and C6 sugars over Pt–Sn bimetallic catalyst at room temperature0 aElucidating the effect of solid base on the hydrogenation of C5  cJUL a1083410 v5053 a

Conversion of sugars into sugar alcohols at room temperature with exceedingly high yields are achieved over Pt–Sn/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the presence of calcined hydrotalcite. pH of the reaction mixture significantly affects the conversion and selectivity for sugar alcohols. Selection of a suitable base is the key to achieve optimum yields. Various solid bases in combination with Pt–Sn/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were evaluated for hydrogenation of sugars. Amongst all combinations, the mixture (1:1 wt/wt) of Pt–Sn/γ-Al2O3 and calcined hydrotalcite showed the best results. Hydrotalcite helps to make the pH of reaction mixture alkaline at which sugar molecules undergo ring opening. The sugar molecule in open chain form has carbonyl group which can be polarized by Sn in Pt–Sn/γ-Al2O3 and Pt facilitates the hydrogenation. In the current work, effect of both; solid base and Sn as a promoter has been studied to improve the yields of sugar alcohols from various C5 and C6 sugars at very mild reaction conditions.

10aBimetallic catalyst10aHydrogenation10aHydrotalcites10aSugar10aSugar alcohols1 aTathod, Anup, P.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/elucidating-effect-solid-base-hydrogenation-c5-and-c6-sugars-over-pt%E2%80%93sn-bimetallic-catalyst01845nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007500055210006900130260000800199300001100207490000800218520112400226653002201350653001801372653001101390653001601401653002901417653001601446100002101462700002201483856011001505 2021 eng d a0016-236100aUpgrading lignin derived monomers over basic supported metal catalysts0 aUpgrading lignin derived monomers over basic supported metal cat cDEC a1215880 v3063 aCatalytic upgradation of aromatic monomers derived from lignin depolymerization is of high interest for the production of sustainable fuels and chemicals. Basic support has potential to provide advantages of better substrate-support interaction and reduced coke formation. Hence, we report the effect of various basic supports for metal catalysts (Pt, Pd, Ru) on the upgradation of phenol, guaiacol and eugenol. The complete hydrogenation product is achieved due to the strong interaction of the substrate with catalyst. Phenol is converted (55%) into cyclohexanol (49% yield) with low loading of Pt catalyst (1 wt%), supported by the higher TON of 1 wt% Pt/NaX (TON = 14844) than 3 wt% Pt/NaX (TON = 5128). Effect of basic support with moderate (NaX) and strong (CHT) basic strengths are corelated for the higher cyclohexanone formation. Presence of strong basic sites and higher TON of 3 wt% C-HT (TON = 6806) directs the significant substrate-support interaction. Catalytic activity and recyclability are supported by the comparable performance of recycle runs and characterizations of the fresh and spent catalysts.10aaromatic monomers10aHydrogenation10alignin10aSolid bases10asupported metal catalyst10aUpgradation1 aChaudhary, Richa1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/upgrading-lignin-derived-monomers-over-basic-supported-metal-catalysts01967nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245017600055210006900231260000800300300001400308490000700322520116900329653001801498653004401516653001101560653001501571100002201586700002201608856013101630 2022 eng d a1877-264100aAlpha-, beta- and gamma-cellulose quantification and two-stage concentrated-dilute acid lignin recovery from three rice husks: lignin characterization and depolymerization0 aAlpha beta and gammacellulose quantification and twostage concen cJUN a2963-29770 v133 a

Investigations on the compositional analysis of lignocellulosic materials and their properties upon recovery are essential to be studied in order to examine the effects of recovery method, their dependency on the substrate, etc. In this work, three rice husks (RHs) samples were subjected for alpha-, beta- and gamma-cellulose, pentosan, and silica quantifications. Correlations between the source of biomass, lignin recovery by two-stage concentrated and dilute sulphuric acid treatment, their properties and their depolymerization into low molecular mass aromatic fractions using homogeneous and heterogeneous Bronsted acidic ionic liquids as catalysts, is carried out. Correlation between the properties of RHs and recovered lignin were performed using destructive (CHNS, TGA, ICP-OES, etc.) and non-destructive (XRD, UV-Visible, FT-IR, and C-13 CP-MAS NMR) analytical techniques. It was observed that the recovered lignin was polysaccharides free and associated with dibenzodioxocin, spirodienone, and tricin type moieties with variable intensities. The effects of lignin structures showed a change of depolymerisation product pattern. [GRAPHICS] .

10aHolocellulose10aHomogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts10alignin10aRice husks1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/alpha-beta-and-gamma-cellulose-quantification-and-two-stage-concentrated-dilute-acid-lignin02151nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260000800206300001400214490000700228520157200235100002101807700002501828700002201853856010601875 2023 eng d a1144-054600aDesigning an industrially viable bimetallic catalyst for the polyol synthesis0 aDesigning an industrially viable bimetallic catalyst for the pol cAPR a7548-75550 v473 a

Designing new catalysts for the hydrogenation of sugars is important since the conventional catalyst RANEY (R) Ni faces issues such as leaching, operation under severe conditions (similar to 100 bar H-2) to achieve better yields and formation of complexes of Ni with polyols. To overcome these issues and to have an industrially acceptable methodology, bimetallic catalysts with varying metal loadings (Ru = 1.5 and 2 wt% and Co = 1.5, 3, and 4 wt%) were synthesized in the current work and their hydrogenation activities were evaluated for the synthesis of sugar alcohols from various sugars. It was revealed that the nature of the support plays an important role in deciding the selectivity and activity of the catalyst and amongst all the supports, basic alumina showed the best activity due to its contribution to the ring opening of sugars. C5 and C6 sugars were successfully hydrogenated to their respective sugar alcohols under low H-2 pressures (15 bar) and it was observed that as compared to the monometallic (1.5)Ru/Al-Basic catalyst, the bimetallic (1.5)Ru(3)Co/Al-Basic catalyst showed enhancement in the activity by almost 1.5 times. The improvement in the activity is suggested to be due to (i) observance of the synergistic effect between the base metal (Ru) and the promoter metal (Co); (ii) effect of basicity of the support; and (iii) electronic effect of Ru and Co. Recyclability of the catalysts and their efficiency to hydrogenate higher concentration substrate solutions (10-20 wt%) make the overall process industrially attractive.

1 aKadam, Jyoti, R.1 aKhan, Tufeil, Sartaj1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/designing-industrially-viable-bimetallic-catalyst-polyol-synthesis02255nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260000900262300001600271490000700287520160300294100002001897700002001917700002201937856012601959 2023 eng d a1144-054600aIndustry-oriented method for the aqueous phase oxidation of crude 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)0 aIndustryoriented method for the aqueous phase oxidation of crude cAUG  a15325-153350 v473 a

Valorization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin into value-added industrially relevant chemicals is important to achieve sustainability goals that various governments and industries have set. In view of this, the oxidative synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) as an analogous compound to terephthalic acid in the synthesis of PEF is interesting to researchers. Though advancements in the oxidation of HMF have been made, the efficient synthesis of HMF, its storage, and isolation are great challenges due to its instability under normal conditions. While purified HMF can be used to synthesize FDCA, it is imperative to use crude HMF for the synthesis of FDCA since several techno-economical studies reveal that the purification of HMF is the most cost-intensive step. Herein, we demonstrate the oxidation of crude HMF, synthesized in the laboratory to FDCA, using nonprecious-based mixed metal oxides in the aqueous medium in the presence of oxygen/air. Among various catalysts, Cu-Mn catalyst at 120 & DEG;C within 8 h in the presence of oxygen (10 bar) could yield 90% FDCA. This activity was comparable with that of the commercially available and well-studied Ru/C (5 wt%) catalyst (93% yield). In addition, the role of HMF purity, air as an oxidant, and the influence of temperature, pressure, and time is systematically studied. It is also demonstrated that FDCA formation proceeds via HMFCA and FFCA formation. The isolation of FDCA and its purity (>99%) is corroborated with various techniques such as NMR, IR, and HRMS.

1 aLokhande, Priya1 aSonone, Kalyani1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/industry-oriented-method-aqueous-phase-oxidation-crude-5-hydroxymethyl-furfural-hmf-2502710nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260000900230300001600239490000700255520191300262653002502175653002302200653001902223653002702242653001402269653002802283100002002311700002202331856012702353 2023 eng d a1944-824400aSelective and robust Ru catalyst for the aqueous phase aerobic oxidation of furfural to 2-furoic acid0 aSelective and robust Ru catalyst for the aqueous phase aerobic o cSEP  a47004-470150 v153 a

Synthesis of 2-furoic acid (FURA) via oxidation of furfural (FAL) is vital in evolving the biorefinery concept as FURA has numerous important applications in the pharmaceuticals and optic areas. Though few works on this reaction are done, those are marred with shortcomings such as the nonrecyclability of catalyst, dilute solutions, lower yields, or use of H2O2 as an oxidizing agent. Herein, we report catalytic aqueous phase oxidation of FAL to FURA using molecular oxygen as an oxidizing agent. For the synthesis of FURA, various catalysts with a combination of metal (Pt, Pd, Ru) and supports (carbon, Al2O3) were prepared and characterized by multiple techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)). Oxidation of FAL carried out over 5 wt % Ru/C catalyst in the presence of Na2CO3 yielded 83% of FURA at 120 degrees C and 15 bar oxygen pressure. The catalyst could show potential for reusability as similar activity was achieved after subjecting the spent catalyst to mild reduction treatment (150 degrees C). Studies on the effects of temperature, pressure, and time could help accomplish enhanced yields of FURA. Additionally, learning about the effect of base (weak/strong/solid) revealed that due to the weak basicity of Na2CO3, higher yields could be achieved by maintaining approximately a pH of 11, which is optimal for suppressing side reactions. Under the given conditions, FURA is stable (>90%) and also adsorption studies divulge that it is immediately removed from the catalyst surface, and hence higher yields could be achieved in our catalytic system. Using the initial rates methodology, an activation energy of 21.91 kJ mol(-1) was derived and also a high turn over frequency (TOF) (85.9 h(-1)) was observed under optimized conditions.

10a2-furoic acid (FURA)10aBiomass conversion10afurfural (FAL)10aheterogeneous catalyst10aOxidation10aruthenium on carbon etc1 aLokhande, Priya1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-and-robust-ru-catalyst-aqueous-phase-aerobic-oxidation-furfural-2-furoic-acid02594nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260000800225300001400233490000700247520177600254653001202030653002002042653001802062653002802080653001702108653001102125653001602136100002202152700002802174700002202202856011602224 2024 eng d a2190-681500aLignocellulosic biomass analysis: acidic lignin recovery, characterisation, and depolymerisation0 aLignocellulosic biomass analysis acidic lignin recovery characte cFEB a5239-52490 v143 a

For the development of an effective lignocellulosic biomass conversion technology to biofuels and chemicals, the biomass composition analysis and their properties need to be characterised prior to biomass valorisation, including polysaccharide hydrolysis and lignin depolymerisation. In this work, a facile colorimetric titration method for the quantification of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cellulose, pentosan, lignin, and silica percentages of wheat straw (WS) and two bagasse (BG I and II) samples was done. The result showed higher amounts of structural biopolymers (i.e. holocellulose and lignin (similar to 89.3%)) in BG compared to WS (81%) sample. Lignin recovery from BG (I and II) and WS samples was done by applying two-stage concentrated and dilute sulphuric acid hydrolysis, and maximum recovery (i.e. 21.5%; acid soluble +insoluble) of lignin obtained from BG II sample. Elemental and composition analysis results were represented substantial differences in lignin properties, including higher heat values (19.8 MJkg(-1)) of recovered lignin from BG II as well as high amounts of silica percentage from WS lignin. An intense Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching mode and/or C-O-C aliphatic aromatic ether (similar to 1100 cm(-1)) was characterised for lignin derived from WS. C-13 CP-MAS NMR exhibited variable intensities for dibenzodioxocin, spirodienone, and tricin moieties in recovered lignin samples. These lignin samples were processed for depolymerisation using homogeneous (1-methyl-3-(3-sulphopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulphate) and heterogeneous (immobilised Bronsted acidic ionic liquid) catalysts to lower molar mass aromatic fractions and represented 89% and 92% organic solvent-soluble product yields respectively from WS-derived lignin.

10abagasse10aDibenzodioxocin10aHolocellulose10aLignin depolymerisation10aSpirodienone10aTricin10aWheat straw1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aMatsagar, Babasaheb, M.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/lignocellulosic-biomass-analysis-acidic-lignin-recovery-characterisation-and02684nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260000900266300001400275490000700289520191400296100002402210700002002234700002402254700002502278700002402303700002202327856012902349 2024 eng d a0897-475600aRole of nitrogen doping in modulating ruthenium nanocatalysts for enhanced electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline medium0 aRole of nitrogen doping in modulating ruthenium nanocatalysts fo cAPR  a4262-42740 v363 a

Nitrogen doping has become a fundamental approach to enhance the catalytic performance of carbon materials across various applications. The introduction of nitrogen creates defects and active sites, promoting the formation of small metal particles and strengthening the metal-support interaction within carbon materials. However, the challenge lies in developing sustainable and cost-effective methods for synthesizing nitrogen-doped carbon materials. In this study, we present a sustainable approach for the synthesis of ruthenium on nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts (Ru-CCP) using chitosan as a nitrogen and carbon source. Unlike traditional methods, our process avoids the use of additional nitrogen precursors and templates, streamlining the synthesis while using a renewable resource. The synthesized material exhibits an exceptional performance in the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline conditions by achieving a current density of 25 mA cm(-2) at an impressively low overpotential of 46 mV, outperforming Pt/C under similar conditions. The detailed studies on structural and electronic properties of the materials using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the remarkable catalytic activity is upheld by the unique interplay between Ru delta+ and surface nitrogen moieties, notably pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen. Here, we demonstrate the control of particle size and electronic environment around the metal atom via the interaction of nitrogen and unravel the role of nitrogen doping in tuning the catalytic performance. In addition, this work offers insights into efficient HER catalyst design and emphasizes the potential of biomass-derived materials like chitosan in advancing clean hydrogen production for renewable energy applications.

1 aKorampattu, Lavanya1 aBarik, Sidharth1 aPandikassala, Ajmal1 aUrkude, Rajashri, R.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/role-nitrogen-doping-modulating-ruthenium-nanocatalysts-enhanced-electrochemical-hydrogen01781nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147260000800216490000700224520118600231100002001417700002201437700001801459700001801477856012801495 2024 eng d00aRu/MgO-catalysed selective aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid0 aRuMgOcatalysed selective aerobic oxidation of 5hydroxymethylfurf cSEP0 v773 a

Biomass valorisation through the selective oxidation of carbohydrate and lipid derivatives offers access to an array of platform chemicals through energy- and atom-efficient catalytic processes. Supported metal nanoparticles are promising catalysts for the aerobic selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), but typically require strong liquid base to achieve high selectivity. Here, we explore the utility of MgO as a solid base support for the Ru-catalysed aerobic oxidation of HMF, obtaining 68% FDCA yield at 160°C and 1.5 MPa of O2 using <1 mol-% metal.

1 aLokhande, Priya1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.1 aWilson, Karen1 aLee, Adam, F. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/rumgo-catalysed-selective-aerobic-oxidation-5-hydroxymethylfurfural-25-furandicarboxylic02387nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245006400055210006300119260000800182300001400190490000700204520184900211100002402060700001602084700002202100856009502122 2024 eng d a1463-926200aShell waste valorization to chemicals: methods and progress0 aShell waste valorization to chemicals methods and progress cMAY a5601-56340 v263 a

In light of growing energy and resource demands, the conversion of biomass materials into diverse chemicals and fuels holds significant importance. This process enables the utilization of biomass as a valuable and renewable resource to meet these escalating needs. The current biomass valorization processes are largely based on plant-derived lignocellulosic biomass materials. Studying new genres of biomass materials and their value addition is highly desirable, and they would complement and expand the existing biorefinery system. Crustacean shell waste represents a highly potential bioresource that is composed of a set of useful chemicals, among which chitin, the amino polysaccharide, has come to the fore as a promising material for a plethora of applications. In terms of the abundance of biopolymers on Earth, cellulose is the most prevalent biopolymer, and chitin ranks as the second. The presence of biologically fixed nitrogen in the structure of chitin opens up new possibilities for making useful chemicals, notably nitrogen-containing chemicals, which are otherwise impossible to produce directly from lignocellulosic biomass. In the last two decades, several attempts have been made by researchers in this area to convert chitin and its derivatives into valuable chemicals. This review comprehensively summarizes the transformation of the chitin fraction from shell waste to various chemicals through different thermo-catalytic processes and appraises the advancements in this area. The effect of various catalytic systems on chitin biomass valorization processes and the challenges and opportunities allied to this are discussed. This review summarises the thermo-catalytic processes converting chitin from shell waste into diverse chemicals and reviews the advances, catalytic systems, and associated challenges.

1 aKorampattu, Lavanya1 aGhosh, Neha1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/shell-waste-valorization-chemicals-methods-and-progress02741nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000800247300001400255490000600269520213100275100002402406700002202430856013102452 2025 eng d a2398-490200aChitosan-derived carbon supported ruthenium catalyst for efficient hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone0 aChitosanderived carbon supported ruthenium catalyst for efficien cOCT a5921-59300 v93 a

The transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy and chemical production relies heavily on efficient biomass valorization. Levulinic acid (LA), a key platform chemical from lignocellulosic biomass, serves as a versatile precursor for valuable chemicals like gamma-valerolactone (GVL), a promising green solvent, fuel additive, and polymer precursor. While ruthenium-based catalysts are effective for LA hydrogenation, conventional systems like Ru/C often suffer from metal leaching and deactivation due to weak metal-support interactions. Current approaches to improve stability, such as using nitrogen-doped carbon supports, involve complex synthesis and synthetic nitrogen precursors. Addressing these limitations, we present a facile and sustainable strategy for synthesizing a robust ruthenium catalyst by directly pyrolyzing marine biomass-derived chitosan to form a self-nitrogen-doped carbon support. This catalyst exhibited superior stability and excellent recyclability in the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of LA to GVL, surpassing conventional Ru/C while maintaining activity comparable to that of leading Ru catalysts supported on N-doped carbon. Unlike other N-doped carbon supports, our method avoids synthetic N-dopants and tedious procedures, making it inherently more sustainable. Detailed characterization via XPS and H2-TPR revealed strong metal-support interactions, facilitated by intrinsic nitrogen functionalities, effectively stabilizing the ruthenium species. This study also identifies the critical role of graphitic and pyridinic nitrogen species in controlling catalytic activity and elucidates the importance of optimizing nitrogen species and content in tailoring chitosan-derived supports. The proposed mechanism describes how Ru-N centers activate hydrogen and LA, with basic nitrogen sites aiding the dehydration step to GVL. Overall, this work features the potential of chitosan derived carbon as a sustainable and tunable support for efficient biomass hydrogenation catalysts and offers fundamental insights into the role of nitrogen doping in tailoring catalytic performance.

1 aKorampattu, Lavanya1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/chitosan-derived-carbon-supported-ruthenium-catalyst-efficient-hydrogenation-levulinic-acid01967nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260000800260490000700268520116500275653002501440653001101465653001301476653001701489653001101506100002201517700002801539700001801567700002201585856013001607 2025 eng d a1867-388000aContinuous flow hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived guaiacol to cyclohexanol over durable Al2O3 hollow fiber supported co catalyst0 aContinuous flow hydrodeoxygenation of ligninderived guaiacol to  cSEP0 v173 a

The drive to decarbonize the chemical, oil, and gas industries through use of bio-derived resources is intensifying. This study focuses on converting lignin-derived phenolic compounds into cyclohexanol, a precursor for adipic acid production. The alumina hollow fiber supported cobalt catalyst (5Co/AHF@capillary) prepared by capillary action method was found to consist cobalt in both metallic and +delta oxidation states. Initial tests in a batch-mode reactor showed promising results, with 5Co/AHF@capillary catalyst demonstrating catalytic activity comparable to Ru/Al2O3 systems (225 degrees C, 1 MPa H-2, 4 h), achieving similar to 86% cyclohexanol yield in guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation reactions. The catalytic system was then adapted for continuous flow reactors under milder conditions (300 degrees C, 2.5 MPa H-2, 18 mL min(-1)), resulting in 83% guaiacol conversion and 74% cyclohexanol yield. The durability of the catalyst was checked for >80 h and results claim that catalyst was active in yielding consistent results. The roles of catalyst preparation method, hydrogen pressure, solvent, WHSV were thoroughly checked and discussed.

10abiomass valorization10aCarbon10aCo/Al2O310aCyclohexanol10alignin1 aSingh, Dheerendra1 aJogdand, Shunottara, M.1 aDevi, Nandini1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/continuous-flow-hydrodeoxygenation-lignin-derived-guaiacol-cyclohexanol-over-durable-al2o302620nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260000800220300001100228490000800239520172800247653002801975653002202003653001902025653002202044653003302066653004802099100002202147700002202169700002202191700002902213856012402242 2025 eng d a0019-452200aExperimental investigation and lumped kinetic modeling studies for upcycling of polyolefins0 aExperimental investigation and lumped kinetic modeling studies f cNOV a1021270 v1023 a

The present work discusses on comparative kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using sophisticated lumped models. Unlike many previous studies that focused on single-polymer kinetic models or employed simplified reaction schemes, this study develops an enhanced multistep reaction network that explicitly considers both primary decomposition and secondary cracking pathways, thereby improving the accuracy of product distribution predictions. By integrating this detailed reaction framework with a robust nonlinear regression approach using LSQNONLIN and ODE45 solvers in MATLAB, the study achieved greater accuracy in estimating kinetic parameters than traditional curve-fitting methods. The findings reveal that HDPE exhibits the highest activation energy (222.97 kJ mol(-1)), indicating it is more thermally stable than LDPE (193.44 kJ mol(-1)) and PP (62.16 kJ mol(-1)). One of the highlights of the present work is that lower pyrolysis temperature (400 degrees C) is found to be optimum for liquid yield by reducing secondary cracking, which aligns with the sustainable fuel production principles. The study also emphasizes on the limitations of previous lumped models that overlooked wax decomposition pathways, which are crucial for optimizing the hydrocarbon distribution. Future research should investigate catalytic interventions and reactor design modifications to enhance the product selectivity and scalability. This study offers a more comprehensive kinetic framework for advancing the valorization of plastic waste through pyrolysis, aiding the development of efficient waste-to-fuel conversion strategies.

10aLumped kinetic modeling10aPlastic pyrolysis10aRate constants10aReaction pathways10aSecondary cracking reactions10aTemperature-dependent product distributions1 aKavade, Omkar, G.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.1 aDevi, Nandini, R.1 aVasireddy, Satyam, Naidu uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/experimental-investigation-and-lumped-kinetic-modeling-studies-upcycling-polyolefins