01882nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210006900185260000800254300001100262490000700273520114700280100002301427700002301450700001701473700001701490700001901507700001801526856013201544       2026                        eng d  a2451-929400aCatalysis, replication, and non-equilibrium behavior: Key determinants for life-like complexity realized using short peptides0 aCatalysis replication and nonequilibrium behavior Key determinan  cJUL  a1029140 v123 a<p>
	The threshold complexity required for the chemical emergence of living matter necessitates the integration of catalytic competency with self-replicating capability operating out of equilibrium. Herein, we report on a catalytic self-replicating system that demonstrates complex behavior from a short peptide building block under non-equilibrium conditions. In a closed system, two distinct populations of imine-based peptide building blocks replicate with an antagonistic relationship exclusively under a non-equilibrium regime by turning over a thermodynamically activated substrate to low-energy waste. Catalytic self-destruction of the preceding replicating entities through substrate degradation (negative feedback) allows replicating networks to adapt and select a new set of fitter successor replicators through catalysis-mediated alteration in the environment (feedforward activation). Mimicking such complex behavior under non-equilibrium conditions foreshadows the emergence of Darwinian threshold (ribosomes integrate catalysis and replication), which is required for realizing systems with living matter-like properties.</p>
1 aGoswami, Surashree1 aMadhugiri, Indrani1 aRoy, Soumili1 aDas, Swagata1 aGadgil, Chetan1 aDas, Dibyendu  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalysis-replication-and-non-equilibrium-behavior-key-determinants-life-complexity-realized