02302nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260000800237300001400245490000700259520147700266653002001743653002001763653003701783653001401820653001401834653001201848100001901860700001801879700003101897856013201928       2026                        eng d  a0032-388800aLow warping and high toughness recycled high density polyethylene for fused filament fabrication 3D printing0 aLow warping and high toughness recycled high density polyethylen  cJUN  a4390-44020 v663 a<p>
	The incorporation of recycled polymers in additive manufacturing offers a sustainable pathway to reduce plastic waste while enabling cost-effective production of functional components. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is an attractive material for 3D printing owing to its low density, chemical resistance, and recyclability. However, its high crystallinity and tendency to shrink often lead to warpage and poor interlayer adhesion. This study proposes a blend-based strategy to overcome these limitations by incorporating tough linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) into recycled HDPE (rHDPE). The blends were prepared through melt extrusion, and their mechanical, rheological, morphological, and thermal properties, and 3D printability were comprehensively evaluated. rHDPE/LLDPE blends showed a remarkable improvement in elongation at break (from 3.2% to 84.7%) and toughness without compromising tensile strength. Addition of LLDPE led to a moderate reduction in the crystallinity of rHDPE/LLDPE blends (from 69% to 52.5%) but a significant reduction in the warpage of 3D printed samples (from 27% to 7.6%). Rheological and morphological analyses confirmed good miscibility and uniform phase distribution in the blends, with increasing LLDPE content enhancing complex viscosity and melt elasticity. Overall, the rHDPE/LLDPE blends exhibit superior mechanical performance and reduced warpage, establishing their potential for FFF 3D printing applications.</p>
10aCrystallization10aFFF 3D printing10ahigh-density polyethylene blends10aRecycling10atoughness10awarpage1 aGopal, Animesh1 aChaubal, Aman1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/low-warping-and-high-toughness-recycled-high-density-polyethylene-fused-filament-fabrication