02157nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260000800246300001400254490000700268520151800275100001901793700001601812700002701828856013201855       2026                        eng d  a2398-490200aIntegrated cell engineering and scale-up of a non-PGM bifunctional electrocatalyst for durable AEM water electrolysis0 aIntegrated cell engineering and scaleup of a nonPGM bifunctional  cMAY  a2524-25350 v103 a<p>
	Developing a scalable and sustainable non-Platinum Group Metal (non-PGM) bifunctional electrocatalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) water electrolyzers remains a significant challenge, particularly at industrially relevant scales. Most reported non-PGM catalysts are demonstrated on small electrode areas (typically &lt;= 2 cm(2)), making scalability a major bottleneck. Issues such as achieving uniform catalyst coating, maintaining similar structural morphology, and preventing activity loss due to leaching become increasingly prominent at larger scales. Therefore, a Nickel Copper Phosphide-Nickel Sulphide (NCP-NS) catalyst was developed and successfully scaled-up to &gt;10 cm(2) electrode active area, and its performance was evaluated in an electrolyzer cell. A larger 13 cm(2) AEM cell was developed by addressing key parameters: (i) electrode design (mass loading density), (ii) assembly conditions (torque and gasket thickness), (iii) operational parameters (flow rate and temperature), and (iv) engineering aspect measurements (Fujifilm pressure distribution and interfacial contact resistance). These optimizations resulted in a high current density of 1012 mA cm(-2) at 2 V, with the stack maintaining 98% of its performance after 100 hours of continuous operation. The electrocatalysts delivered 55.96 kWh kg(-1) energy efficiency at 2 V. This work demonstrates how systematic scale-up and cell engineering can bridge the gap between lab-scale innovation and commercial application.</p>
1 aSingh, Kailash1 aKavitha, T.1 aSelvaraj, Kaliaperumal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/integrated-cell-engineering-and-scale-non-pgm-bifunctional-electrocatalyst-durable-aem-water