02393nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260000800268300001600276490000700292520136200299653001401661653002401675653002001699653002001719100001501739700002301754700001701777700002001794700002301814700001601837700003701853700002201890700002501912700002701937856012701964       2025                        eng d  a2190-681500aSustainable isolation of cellulose nanofibers with superior crystallinity and thermal stability from Terminalia catappa L. fruit peel waste0 aSustainable isolation of cellulose nanofibers with superior crys  cJUL  a21557-215720 v153 a<p>
	Turning agricultural waste into value-added products is a key focus of sustainable development. Herein, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were extracted from the pericarp of Terminalia catappa L. for the first time. The CNF was extracted by chlorine-free pretreatment methods followed by oxalic acid hydrolysis (5 wt%) assisted with steam explosion. The prepared CNF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG). FTIR analysis confirmed the successful removal of lignin and hemicellulose during chemical treatment which was again validated by solid-state 13C NMR analysis. TEM image revealed that the diameter of the extracted nanofibers ranges from 14 to 18 nm. From XRD analysis, the crystallinity index of the CNF was 82%, while that of the raw sample was 62 %. The temperature at which the maximum degradation (Tmax) of CNF occurred was found to be 372 degrees C which is superior to that of the raw sample (334 degrees C). The extracted cellulose nanofibers were used to prepare cellulose paper, demonstrating a tensile strength of 1.1 MPa, indicating its potential suitability for biodegradable packaging applications.</p>
10acellulose10aCellulose nanofiber10agreen synthesis10aWaste to wealth1 aHarsha, R.1 aMol, A., P. Princy1 aPaul, Sharon1 aBadawi, Michael1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aRao, Jeevan1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aNair, Ajalesh, B.1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sustainable-isolation-cellulose-nanofibers-superior-crystallinity-and-thermal-stability