02680nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260000800253300001100261490000800272520180000280653002302080653001402103653002002117653002102137653002002158653001902178100002702197700002402224700002902248700002002277856012902297       2025                        eng d  a0926-669000aEthyl cellulose-based controlled-release atrazine nanoformulation for effective and long-term weed management in agriculture0 aEthyl cellulosebased controlledrelease atrazine nanoformulation   cJUL  a1209920 v2293 a<p>
	Atrazine (ATZ) is the second most widely used herbicide. However, its widespread use is hazardous to the environment. We developed ethyl cellulose-based nanoformulated atrazine (nfATZ) to achieve slow and sustained release of ATZ for long-term weed control in crops such as maize. Maize or corn is used in several industrial applications, including the production of ethanol, corn syrup, adhesives, textiles, biodegradable plastics, etc. As broadleaf weeds significantly impact maize yields, we evaluated the effects of nfATZ and conventional ATZ on tomato as a representative of broadleaf weeds. Various concentrations of ATZ and nfATZ (1-10 mg per kg of soil) were evaluated in pre-emergence, post-emergence, and re-emergence studies. Several morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of weeds were assessed, and the efficacy of the herbicide formulations was evaluated. nfATZ outperformed conventional ATZ even at lower concentrations with prolonged herbicidal effectiveness beyond 30 days, while the main crop remained unaffected. The weed mortality in nfATZ treatment was &gt; 80 %, while it was 35 % - 45 % in ATZ treatment. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased by similar to 65 % in nfATZ-treated weeds, impacting their photosynthesis and overall health. ATZ and nfATZ also significantly impacted the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (similar to 57 %), superoxide dismutase (similar to 67 %), and peroxidase (similar to 77 %) in weeds. Thus, we conclude that nfATZ performed significantly better than ATZ in controlling weeds over the long term and reducing its environmental impact. Therefore, we propose nfATZ for highly effective and long-term weed control in large-scale production of industrial crops like maize.</p>
10aControlled-release10aHerbicide10aNanoformulation10aOxidative stress10aWeed management10aWeed mortality1 aGautam, Tripurari, Rao1 aVasmatkar, Pashupat1 aGundloori, Rathna, V. N.1 aKadoo, Narendra  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ethyl-cellulose-based-controlled-release-atrazine-nanoformulation-effective-and-long-term