02339nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170260000800239300001600247490000700263520145600270100001901726700001801745700002501763700003001788700002001818700002501838700002301863700002301886700003701909700002701946856012401973 2025 eng d00aValorization of avocado peel waste: extraction and characterization of cellulose nanofibers for multifunctional applications0 aValorization of avocado peel waste extraction and characterizati cAPR a12789-128000 v153 a

This study explored the utility of underutilized avocado peels for extracting cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Mild oxalic acid hydrolysis assisted by steam explosion was employed after alkali hydrolysis and chlorine-free bleaching to prepare cellulose nanofibers. The structural, atomic, and elemental features of the extracted fibers were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis, respectively. The crystallinity index of the nanofibers was 87%, which was 53% greater than that of the crude sample. The elution of hemicellulose and lignin was evident from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and the nanofibers had a fiber diameter of 30–82 nm according to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The applied chemical treatment also elevated the thermal stability of the fibers. The extracted fibers can be applied in numerous fields, including electronics, packaging, automobiles, biomedicine, and cosmetics.

1 aVarsha, P., V.1 aNeenu, K., V.1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aHounfodji, Jean, Wilfried1 aSankar, Sameera1 aMuraleedharan, Sneha1 aKamath, Anjali, N.1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aMidhun, Dominic, C. D. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/valorization-avocado-peel-waste-extraction-and-characterization-cellulose-nanofibers