01518nas a2200121   4500008004100000245006000041210006000101260001800161300001300179520109400192100001901286856009101305       2016                        eng d00aCarbonylations and hydroformylations for fine chemicals0 aCarbonylations and hydroformylations for fine chemicals  bElsevier Inc.  a 663-6923 aCarbonylation reactions (hydroformylation and carbonylation) constitute one of the most powerful tools for C. C bond formation in organic synthesis and represent an outstanding example of the application of homogeneous catalysis on an industrial scale. Carbonylation reactions have the potential to provide clean, atom-efficient routes for the synthesis of molecules with carboxylic acid, aldehyde and amide functional groups. However, catalyst product separation is a major problem for the application of homogeneous catalysts on an industrial scale. The manufacture of ibuprofen, one of the important antiinflammatory drugs involving palladium-catalyzed carbonylation, was the path-breaking technology in pharmaceutical chemistry. A significant amount of work is being carried out on the development of selective catalysts for specialty chemical synthesis. This chapter presents recent advances in the development of new catalysts for carbonylation reactions. Various strategies developed for the heterogenization of catalysts are also presented, with an emphasis on specialty chemicals.1 aKelkar, A., A.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbonylations-and-hydroformylations-fine-chemicals