01435nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001600041245007800057210006900135260000800204300002900212490000700241520087200248100002601120700002101146856011001167       2018                        eng d  a 1471-4922 00aPerspectives on leishmania species and stage-specific adaptive mechanisms0 aPerspectives on leishmania species and stagespecific adaptive me  cDEC  a10.1016/j.pt.2018.09.0040 v343 aThe hurdles in drug and vaccine development pipelines for leishmaniasis, a complex, multifaceted disease, are largely due to the digenetic lifecycle, differential clinical manifestations of the parasite, and the incomplete understanding of its adaptations within its hosts. Here, we discuss the distinct computational and experimental techniques employed to identify the species and stage-specific adaptive mechanisms at different levels of biological organization, the progress made so far, and limitations in comprehending leishmaniasis as a systems biology disease. Based on the available perspectives, we also provide suggestions and requirements to tackle the growing challenges for bridging the genotype with the phenotype. A systems perspective can be instrumental in understanding the complexities of the disease and can provide insights for targeted control.1 aSubramanian, Abhishek1 aSarkar, Ram, Rup  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/perspectives-leishmania-species-and-stage-specific-adaptive-mechanisms