01646nas a2200169   4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260000800226520097300234100002001207700002801227700002401255700002501279700002801304700001601332856012801348       2012                        eng d00aUse of ruthenium complexes for formation and/or hydrogenation of amides and related carboxylic acid derivatives0 aUse of ruthenium complexes for formation andor hydrogenation of   cMAR3 a<p>A process for preparing amides by reacting a primary amine and a primary alcohol in the presence of a Ruthenium complex to generate the amide and molecular hydrogen. Primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols to produce amides and molecular hydrogen (the only byproduct) in high yields and high turnover numbers. Also disclosed are processes for hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines; hydrogenation of organic carbonates to alcohols; hydrogenation of carbamates or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; amidation of esters; acylation of alcohols using esters; coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines and cyclic dipeptides; and dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones. These reactions are catalyzed by a Ruthenium complex which is based on a dearomatized PNN-type ligand of formula A1 or precursors thereof of formulae A2 or A3.</p>1 aMilstein, David1 aGunanathan, Chidambaram1 aBen-David, Yehoshoa1 aBalaraman, Ekambaram1 aGnanaprakasam, Boopathy1 aZhang, Jing  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/use-ruthenium-complexes-formation-andor-hydrogenation-amides-and-related-carboxylic-acid