01930nas a2200181   4500008004100000245005900041210005900100260000800159300001000167490000800177520136900185100002901554700002101583700001701604700002101621700002001642856008601662       2008                        eng d00aErosion of a granular bed driven by laminar fluid flow0 aErosion of a granular bed driven by laminar fluid flow  cJUN  a47-580 v6053 a<p>Motivated by examples of erosive incision of channels in sand, we investigate the motion of individual grains in a granular bed driven by a laminar fluid to give us new insights into the relationship between hydrodynamic stress and surface granular flow. A closed cell of rectangular cross-section is partially filled with glass beads and a constant fluid flux Q flows through the cell. The refractive indices of the fluid and the glass beads are matched and the cell is illuminated with a laser sheet, allowing us to image individual beads. The bed erodes to a rest height hr which depends on Q. The Shields threshold criterion assumes that the non-dimensional ratio θ of the viscous stress on the bed to the hydrostatic pressure difference across a grain is sufficient to predict the granular flux. Furthermore, the Shields criterion states that the granular flux is non-zero only for θ &gt; θc. We find that the Shields criterion describes the observed relationship hr ∝ Q1/2 when the bed height is offset by approximately half a grain diameter. Introducing this offset in the estimation of θ yields a collapse of the measured Einstein number q* to a power-law function of θ − θc with exponent 1.75 ± 0.25. The dynamics of the bed height relaxation are described well by the power-law relationship between the granular flux and the bed stress.</p>1 aE., Lobkovsky, Alexander1 aOrpe, Ashish, V.1 aMolloy, Ryan1 aKudrolli, Arshad1 aRothman, D., H.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/erosion-granular-bed-driven-laminar-fluid-flow