02168nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260011000236300001600346490000600362520135400368100002101722700002201743700002501765700002401790700002901814856013101843       2016                        eng d  a2046-206900aTransfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone over supported Ni catalysts0 aTransfer hydrogenation of biomassderived levulinic acid to gamma  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJUN  a59753-597610 v63 a<p>A sustainable process of catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL) was investigated over Ni on various supports (Al2O3, ZnO, MMT and SiO2) in the presence of isopropanol (IPA) as the H-donor. Among these, the montmorillonite (MMT) supported Ni catalyst showed almost complete LA conversion (&gt;99%) and selectivity (&gt;99%) to GVL within 1 h. XRD and XPS results showed that the concentration of the metallic species significantly enhanced (two to four times) in the recovered sample as compared to the freshly prepared Ni/MMT. This was due to the in situ reduction of Ni2+ species present on the catalyst surface, through liberated H-2 under the reaction conditions. The strong acid strength of MMT, evidenced by NH3-TPD and py-IR, facilitated the esterification of LA as well as cyclization to GVL. The conversion-selectivity pattern was found to decrease in the IPA-water mixture while, it remained unchanged in the IPA-acetone mixture. Our catalyst could be efficiently recycled up to five times with consistent CTH activity and selectivity to GVL. The plausible mechanism of LA to GVL conversion involves the formation of a levulinate ester with IPA that favours its simultaneous hydrogenation and cyclization in a spontaneous manner to give GVL and regenerating IPA for sustainability.</p>1 aHengne, Amol, M.1 aKadu, Brijesh, S.1 aBiradar, Narayan, S.1 aChikate, Rajeev, C.1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/transfer-hydrogenation-biomass-derived-levulinic-acid-gamma-valerolactone-over-supported-ni