02723nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245016200055210006900217260007300286300001000359490000800369520166100377653002402038653003202062653001902094653002102113653001902134100002902153700002202182700002802204700002502232700002602257700002102283700002202304856011902326       2013                        eng d  a0926-860X00aCatalytic upgrading of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate biodiesel using dodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on desilicated H-ZSM-5 as catalyst0 aCatalytic upgrading of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulin  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN  a90-980 v4603 a<p>Levulinic acid (LA) is considered as a renewable platform chemical and can be used for the synthesis of variety of important fuels and chemicals. In particular, its esterification with ethanol produces ethyl levulinate (EL) would be green process, as it can be used as diesel miscible biofuel (DMB), preventing global warming by decreasing atmospheric CO2. This study explores the use of modified H-ZSM-5 by desilication viz.; DH-ZSM-5 and dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA) loaded on DH-ZSM-5 for esterification of LA with ethanol aiming to EL. Different degree of desilication of H-ZSM-5 was performed by using aq. NaOH (0.2-1.5 M) at 338 K for 30 min and then DTPA was loaded on these desilicated H-ZSM-5 (DH-ZSM-5) support. H-ZSM-5, DH-ZSM-5 and DTPA on these DH-ZSM-5 samples were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption-desorption, pyridine chemisorbed IR spectroscopy, Temperature Programmed Ammonia Desorption (TPAD). The increase in conversion of levulinic acid was observed from 28% to 94% with increase of DTPA loading from 0% to 15%. The increased LA conversion may be due to increase in total acidity from 43.14% to 84.31%. The use of DH-ZSM-5 as support for deposition of DTPA may be reported for the first time. The present work also extended to optimize process parameters such as DTPA loading on DH-ZSM-5, catalyst to LA ratio, LA to ethanol molar ratio, speed of agitation, particle size reaction temperature and catalyst reusability. Kinetic study based on pseudo-homogeneous (P-H) model is also presented. The experimental results follow second order kinetics. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10adesilicated H-ZSM-510aDTPA on desilicated H-ZSM-510aEsterification10aethyl levulinate10alevulinic acid1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aSonar, Shilpa, K.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aJoshi, Praphulla, N.1 aDeshpande, Shilpa, S.1 aPatil, Vilas, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalytic-upgrading-renewable-levulinic-acid-ethyl-levulinate-biodiesel-using-0