02023nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245017300055210006900228260011000297300001400407490000700421520115700428100001901585700002501604700002301629700002401652700002501676856012801701       2014                        eng d  a1463-907600aSynthesis of an efficient heteroatom-doped carbon electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction by pyrolysis of protein-rich pulse flour cooked with SiO2 nanoparticles0 aSynthesis of an efficient heteroatomdoped carbon electrocatalyst  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJAN  a4251-42590 v163 a<p>Development of a highly durable, fuel-tolerant, metal-free electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for robust and cost-effective Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFCs). Herein, we report the development of a nitrogen-doped (N-doped) hierarchically porous carbon-based efficient ORR electrocatalyst from protein-rich pulses. The process involves 3D silica nanoparticle templating of the pulse flour(s) followed by their double pyrolysis. The detailed experiments are performed on gram flour (derived from chickpeas) without any in situ/ex situ addition of dopants. The N-doped porous carbon thus generated shows remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards ORR in the alkaline medium. The oxygen reduction on this material follows the desired 4-electron transfer mechanism involving the direct reduction pathway. Additionally, the synthesized carbon catalyst also exhibits good electrochemical stability and fuel tolerance. The results are also obtained and compared with the case of soybean flour having higher nitrogen content to highlight the significance of different parameters in the ORR catalyst performance.</p>1 aGokhale, Rohan1 aUnni, SreeKuttan, M.1 aPuthusseri, Dhanya1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aOgale, Satishchandra  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-efficient-heteroatom-doped-carbon-electro-catalyst-oxygen-reduction-reaction-0