@article { ISI:000227933800013, title = {Benzoyl transfer reactivities of racemic 2,4-Di-O-acyl-myo-inosityl 1,3,5-orthoesters in the solid state: molecular packing and intermolecular interactions correlate with the ease of the reaction}, journal = {Chemistry-A European Journal}, volume = {11}, number = {7}, year = {2005}, month = {MAR}, pages = {2103-2110}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

Racemic 2,4-di-O-acyl-myoinosityl 1,3,5-orthoesters undergo transesterification catalyzed by sodium carbonate with varying ease of reaction in the solid state; reactions in solution and melt do not show such varied differences. An interesting crystal of a 1:1 molecular complex of highly reactive racemic 2,4-di-O-benzoyl-myo-inosityl 1,3,5-orthoformate and its orthoacetate analogue exhibited better reactivity than the latter component alone. Single-crystal X-ray structures of the reactants have been correlated with the observed differences in the acyl-transfer efficiencies in the solid state. Although each of the derivatives helically self-assembles around the crystallographic 2(1) axis linked through O-(HO)-O-... hydrogen bonding, the pre-organization of the reactive groups (C=O [El] and OH [Nu]), C-(HO)-O-... and the C=H(...)pi interactions are significantly more favourable for the reactive derivatives than the less reactive ones. Bond-length distributions also showed differences; the O-C bond of the axial benzoyl group, which gets cleaved during the reaction, is longer (1.345-1.361 angstrom) relative to the chemically equivalent O-C bond of the equatorial benzoyl group (1.316-1.344 angstrom) in the reactive derivatives. These bond-length differences are not significant in the less reactive derivatives. The overall molecular organization is different too; the strikingly discrete helices, which may be viewed as {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}reaction tunnels{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} and are held by interhelical interactions, are clearly evident in the reactive derivatives in comparison with the less reactive ones.

}, keywords = {hydrogen bonds, Inositol, solid-state reactions, structure elucidation, transesterification}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.200400851}, author = {Sarmah, M. P. and Gonnade, Rajesh G. and Shashidhar, M. S. and Bhadbhade, Mohan M.} } @article { ISI:000236923400014, title = {Catalytic transesterification of beta-ketoesters with zeolite H-FER under solvent free conditions}, journal = {Arkivoc}, volume = {13}, number = {13}, year = {2005}, month = {MAY}, pages = {162-168}, publisher = {ARKAT USA INC}, type = {Article}, address = {C/O ALAN R KATRITZKY, UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT CHEMISTRY, PO BOX 117200, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA}, abstract = {

Zeolite H-FER catalyzes the transesterification of beta-ketoesters with variety of alcohols under solvent-less condition in excellent yields. The catalyst can be reused without any loss of activity.

}, keywords = {ferrierite, transesterification, zeolite}, issn = {1424-6376}, author = {Chavan, Subhash P. and Pasupathy, K. and Shengule, S. and Shinde, V. and Anand, R.} } @article { ISI:000229066500020, title = {Transesterification of diethyl oxalate with phenol using MoO3/SiO2 catalyst}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General}, volume = {285}, number = {1-2}, year = {2005}, month = {MAY}, pages = {190-195}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Transesterification of diethyl oxalate (DEO) with phenol to form diphenyl oxalate (DPO) has been carried out in liquid phase using MoO3/ SiO2 solid acid catalyst with high conversion and 100\% selectivity. A series Of MoO3/SiO2 catalysts with different Mo loadings (1-20 wt\%) were prepared using sol-gel technique and characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), BET specific surface area, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia, and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of adsorbed pyridine. XRD analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the catalyst up to 10 wt\% MoO3 loading and the formation of crystalline α-MoO3 phase on amorphous silica support with higher MoO3 loading. BET surface area showed high surface area for catalysts prepared by sol-gel technique with lower MoO3 content; the surface area decreases with increasing MoO3 loading. Ammonia TPD shows much higher acid strength compared to the catalysts prepared by impregnation technique. Among the series of catalysts prepared, MoO3/SiO2 containing 1 wt\% MoO3 was found to be the most active catalyst for transesterification reaction, with a maximum DEO conversion of 80.9 and 100\% selectivity for DPO. The effects of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on conversion and product selectivity have been investigated. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {diethyl oxalate, diphenyl oxalate, MoO3/SiO2, sol-gel technique, transesterification}, issn = {0926-860X}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2005.02.028}, author = {Biradar, Ankush V. and Shubhangi B. Umbarkar and Dongare, Mohan K.} } @article { ISI:000240639000014, title = {Transesterification of cyclic carbonates with methanol at ambient conditions over tungstate-based solid catalysts}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General}, volume = {312}, year = {2006}, month = {SEP}, pages = {108-114}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Dimethyl carbonate synthesis with 80 mol\% yield is achieved through transesterification of ethylene carbonate with methanol at ambient conditions (RT and atmospheric pressure) using alkali and alkaline-earth tungstates as solid catalysts. The catalysts are efficient even at the sub-ambient temperatures. Reactions under CO2 pressure indicate that CO2 atmosphere retards the transesterification reaction completely below 100 degrees C. Experimental conditions of 150 degrees C and 3.4 MPa CO2 pressure are required to obtain maximum DMC yield of 71 mol\%. Synthesis of DMC by one-pot synthesis using epoxide, CO2 and methanol is not as effective as that by two-step method with the present catalyst system. Raman and IR spectra of methanol-interacting tungstates indicate the formation of a methoxide ion species adsorbed at the catalyst surface as one possible reaction intermediates. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, heterogeneous catalyst, Raman spectroscopy, sodium tungstate, transesterification}, issn = {0926-860X}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2006.06.034}, author = {Sankar, M. and Nair, C. Madhavan and Murty, K. V. G. K. and Manikandan, Palanichamy} } @article { ISI:000249949800021, title = {Transesterification of alpha-haloesters and beta-ketoesters over Mg-Al-hydrotalcites (HT)-like anionic clays}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical}, volume = {276}, number = {1-2}, year = {2007}, month = {OCT}, pages = {158-161}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Transesterification of alpha-haloesters was achieved by reaction of alcohols in the presence of Mg-Al-HT-like anionic clays. beta-Ketoesters were also transesterified under similar conditions on reaction with alcohols with a wide variety of functional groups. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {alpha-haloesters, beta-ketoesters, heterogeneous catalyst, Hydrotalcites, transesterification}, issn = {1381-1169}, doi = {10.1016/j.molcata.2007.07.006}, author = {Bulbule, Vivek J. and Borate, Hanumant B. and Munot, Yogesh S. and Deshpande, Vishnu H. and Sawargave, Sangmeshwer P. and Gaikwad, Abaji G.} } @article { ISI:000253450900027, title = {Synthesis of biodiesel over zirconia-supported isopoly and heteropoly tungstate catalysts}, journal = {Catalysis Communications}, volume = {9}, number = {5}, year = {2008}, month = {MAR}, pages = {696-702}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

The liquid-phase synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol is carried out by using zirconia-supported isopoly and heteropoly tungstates (HPAs) as catalysts. The isopoly and heteropoly tungstate catalysts were prepared by suspending zirconium oxyhydroxide in water/methanol solution of ammonium metatungstate/silicotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid (WO3/HPA loading, 15\%,,) followed by drying and calcination at 750 degrees C. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, NH3-TPD and FTIR pyridine adsorption spectroscopy. XRD results indicate that the presence of isopoly and heteropoly tungstates stabilizes ZrO2 in tetragonal phase. Raman and IR spectra of the catalysts show that tungstate species exist as zirconia-anchored octahedral mono-oxotungstate. The acidity measurements by NH3-TPD and FTIR pyridine adsorption spectroscopy show that zirconia-supported phosphotungstate has the highest total acidity and zirconia-supported isopoly tungstate has the highest Bronsted acidity. The zirconia-supported isopoly tungstate shows superior catalytic performance compared to zirconia-supported heteropoly tungstate catalysts. Under the reaction conditions of 200 degrees C and methanol/oil molar ratio 15, 15\% WO3/ZrO2 calcined at 750 degrees C gave 97\% conversion of oil. This catalyst also efficiently catalyzes methanolysis of other vegetable oils like mustard oil and sesame oil. The deactivated catalyst could be regenerated by calcination without appreciable loss in activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Biodiesel, phosphotungstic acids, Silicotungstic acid, transesterification, tungsten oxide, Zirconia}, issn = {1566-7367}, doi = {10.1016/j.catcom.2007.08.007}, author = {Sunita, G. and Devassy, Biju M. and Vinu, Ajayan and Sawant, Dhanashri P. and Balasubramanian, Veerappan V. and Halligudi, Shivappa B.} } @article { ISI:000264206200011, title = {Regioselective O-acylation of myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoesters: dependence of regioselectivity on the stoichiometry of the base}, journal = {Tetrahedron}, volume = {65}, number = {13}, year = {2009}, month = {MAR}, pages = {2703-2710}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

A metal mediated unusual 1-3 acyl migration from C4-O to C2-OH of myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate was observed during the alkylation of racemic 4-O-benzoyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate. This has been exploited for the selective esterification of either the C4(6)-OH or the C2-OH of myo-inositol by varying the amount of the base used. While the use of 1 equiv of the base (sodium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide) for the acylation of myo-inositol orthoesters gives the corresponding C4-ester exclusively, the use of two or more equivalents of base for the same reaction gives the C2-ester exclusively. The relatively higher stability of the alkoxide of racemic 2-O-acyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoester as compared to the alkoxide of 4-O-acyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoester is suggested to be responsible for the observed isomerization. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Acylation, Cyclitol, Inositol, Orthoester, Regioselectivity, transesterification}, issn = {0040-4020}, doi = {10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.060}, author = {Sureshan, Kana M. and Devaraj, Subramanian and Shashidhar, Mysore S.} } @article { ISI:000267531100032, title = {Transesterification of sunflower oil catalyzed by flyash-based solid catalysts}, journal = {Fuel}, volume = {88}, number = {9}, year = {2009}, month = {SEP}, pages = {1773-1778}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

Flyash-based base catalyst was used in the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to methyl esters in a heterogeneous manner. Catalyst preparation variables such as, the KNO(3) loading amount and calcination temperature were optimized. The catalysts were characterized by powder XRD. The catalyst prepared by loading of 5 wt.\% KNO(3) on flyash followed by its calcination at 773 K has exhibited maximum oil conversion (87.5 wt.\%). The influence of various reaction parameters such as \% catalyst loading, methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction time, temperature, reusability of the catalyst on the catalytic activity was investigated. K(2)O derived from KNO(3) might be an essential component in the catalyst for its efficiency. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Flyash, heterogeneous catalyst, Methyl ester, Sunflower oil, transesterification}, issn = {0016-2361}, doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2009.04.004}, author = {Kotwal, M. S. and Niphadkar, P. S. and Deshpande, Suvarna S. and Bokade, Vijay V. and Joshi, P. N.} } @article { ISI:000293288500001, title = {Biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fat over solid acid double-metal cyanide catalysts}, journal = {Catalysis Surveys from Asia}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {SEP}, pages = {145-160}, publisher = {SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS}, address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}, abstract = {

Biodiesel comprises of fatty acid alkyl esters prepared from vegetable oils or animal fat by esterification/transesterification with short-chain alcohols (methanol or ethanol, for example). It is a biodegradable renewable fuel. Its production is growing exponentially due to greater concerns about environmental protection and depletion of fossil fuel resources. Further, its production from non-edible oils and animal fat is more desirable than from edible oils due to lower cost of non-edible feedstocks and elimination of food verses fuel issues. Solid acid catalysts are ideal for conversion of such low-grade oils to biodiesel. Biodiesel from non-edible oils can be produced by two methods: (1) simultaneous esterification of fatty acids and transesterification of fatty acid glycerides and (2) hydrolysis of glycerides followed by esterification. This account reports the catalytic performance of solid, Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes and other acid catalysts in these transformations for biodiesel production. The factors influencing the catalytic performance of the solid acid catalysts in biodiesel production are discussed.

}, keywords = {Biodiesel, Double-metal cyanide, Esterification, Hydrolysis, solid acid catalysts, transesterification}, issn = {1571-1013}, doi = {10.1007/s10563-010-9108-2}, author = {Srinivas, Darbha and Satyarthi, Jitendra K.} } @article { ISI:000294237100001, title = {Lanthanum and zinc incorporated hydrotalcites as solid base catalysts for biodiesel and biolubricants production}, journal = {Indian Journal of Chemistry Section A-Inorganic Bio-Inorganic Physical Theoretical \& Analytical Chemistry}, volume = {50}, number = {8}, year = {2011}, month = {AUG}, pages = {1017-1025}, publisher = {NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR}, address = {DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA}, abstract = {

Mg-Al hydrotalcites doped with varying amounts of lanthanum and zinc ions (10 30 mol \%) have been prepared by co-precipitation method and used, after calcination at 873 K, as solid base catalysts for transesterification of soybean oil with methanol (producing biodiesel) and n-octanol (producing biolubricants). The catalyst with 20 mol \% of lanthanum shows the highest transesterification activity (soybean oil conversion = 100 \% and biodiesel yield = 95 \%) at 423 K in 4 h. Catalytic activity varies in proportion with the basicity of the catalysts.

}, keywords = {Biodiesel, Biolubricants, catalysis, Doped hydrotalcites, Hydrotalcites, Lanthanum, Solid base catalysts, transesterification, Vegetable oils, zinc}, issn = {0376-4710}, author = {Rahul, R. and Satyarthi, Jitendra K. and Srinivas, D.} } @article { ISI:000302770700013, title = {Characterization of smallest active monomeric lipase from novel rhizopus strain: application in transesterification}, journal = {Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology}, volume = {166}, number = {7}, year = {2012}, month = {APR}, pages = {1769-1780}, publisher = {HUMANA PRESS INC}, address = {999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA}, abstract = {

An extracellular lipase-producing fungus was isolated from oil-rich soil. This fungus belongs to the genus Rhizopus and clades with Rhizopus oryzae. Lipase was purified to homogeneity from this novel fungal source using ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by Q-Sepharose chromatography. The extracellular lipase was purified 8.6-fold, and enzymatic properties were studied. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 17 kD by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 16.25 kD by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight analysis. The native molecular mass was estimated to be 17.5 kD by gel filtration, indicating the protein to be monomer. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme catalysis were 7.0 A degrees C and 40 A degrees C, respectively. Enzyme was stable in pH range 6.0-7.0 and retains 95-100\% activity when incubated at 50 A degrees C for 1 h. The pI of the purified lipase was 4.2. Enzyme was stable in the organic solvents such as ethanol, hexane and methanol for 2 h. Purified enzyme was used for transesterification of oleic acid in the presence of ethanol for production of oleic acid ethyl ester with a conversion efficiency of 66\% after 24 h at 30 A degrees C.

}, keywords = {Lipase, Low molecular weight, Purification, Rhizopus, transesterification}, issn = {0273-2289}, doi = {10.1007/s12010-012-9584-0}, author = {Kantak, Jayshree B. and Prabhune, Asmita} } @article { ISI:000307308000020, title = {Transesterification of diethyl oxalate with phenol over sol-gel MoO3/TiO2 catalysts}, journal = {Chemsuschem}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, year = {2012}, month = {JUL}, pages = {1467-1473}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, type = {Article}, address = {BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

The transesterification of diethyl oxalate (DEO) with phenol to form diphenyl oxalate (DPO) has been carried out in the liquid phase over very efficient MoO3/TiO2 solid-acid solgel catalysts. A selectivity of 100?\% with a remarkable maximum yield of 88?\% were obtained, which opens the route to downstream phosgene-free processes for the synthesis of polycarbonates. Interpretation of the results of various acidity measurements (NH3 and pyridine desorption, methanol oxidation as a probe reaction) allowed us to identify the catalytic sites as Lewis acid sites.

}, keywords = {heterogeneous catalysis, Lewis acids, Oxidation, sol-gel processes, transesterification}, issn = {1864-5631}, doi = {10.1002/cssc.201100802}, author = {Kotbagi, Trupti and Duy Luan Nguyen and Lancelot, Christine and Lamonier, Carole and Thavornprasert, Kaew-Arpha and Zhu Wenli and Capron, Mickael and Jalowiecki-Duhamel, Louise and Shubhangi B. Umbarkar and Dongare, Mohan K. and Dumeignil, Franck} } @article { ISI:000314149000005, title = {Facile one-pot reactive solution blending approach for main-chain donor-acceptor polymeric materials}, journal = {Journal of Polymer Science Part A-Polymer Chemistry}, volume = {51}, number = {3}, year = {2013}, month = {FEB}, pages = {509-524}, publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}, abstract = {

A high-temperature solution blending process has been used to synthesize a series of copolymers incorporating varying mole ratios of perylenebisimide (PBI) into the backbone of an engineering thermoplastic polyester [poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate)] (PCCD). A random donor-acceptor copolymer incorporating oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (OPV) and PBI was also synthesized. The chemical incorporation of these chromophores into PCCD was confirmed by carrying out the melt condensation using 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane dicarboxylate with hydroxyl-functionalized PBI and OPV derivatives. Higher extent of incorporation of PBI (35 mol \%) could be achieved using the blending approach retaining solubility, film-forming ability, and higher molecular weights. The PBI polymers produced using the two different approaches exhibited structural variations. The polymers formed from the solution blending approach had a semicrystalline nature with blocks of PCCD separating the PBI units, whereas those produced using the melt condensation route were amorphous polymers. This structural variation was reflected in their photophysical properties also with the reactive solution-blended polymers exhibiting higher fluorescence quantum yields. These results demonstrate the easy incorporation of suitably functionalized donor and acceptor moieties into a completely aliphatic polyester backbone to produce free-standing films of hitherto nonprocessable polymers. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 509-524

}, keywords = {blending, conjugated polymers, fluorescence, PCCD, Perylenebisimide, reactive blending, transesterification}, issn = {0887-624X}, doi = {10.1002/pola.26412}, author = {Nisha, S. Kumari and Asha, S. K.} } @article { ISI:000338486300020, title = {1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU): a highly efficient catalyst in glycerol carbonate synthesis}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical}, volume = {391}, year = {2014}, month = {SEP}, pages = {144-149}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with glycerol (GLY) was investigated using various amines as catalysts. Amidines like 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) were found to be the best catalysts for this reaction. Best results: 98\% conversion of GLY with 96\% selectivity to GC (TON: 9408), were obtained with DBU as a catalyst. Effect of various reaction conditions on activity and selectivity were investigated using DBU as catalyst. The mechanism of the reaction was investigated with the help of H-1, C-13 and N-15 NMR analysis and OFT calculations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {DBU, Glycerol, Glycerol carbonate, transesterification}, issn = {1381-1169}, doi = {10.1016/j.molcata.2014.04.016}, author = {Munshi, Mudassir K. and Gade, Swapna M. and Mane, Manoj V. and Mishra, Deepti and Pal, Sourav and Vanka, Kumar and Rane, Vilas H. and Kelkar, Ashutosh A.} } @article { ISI:000340579200011, title = {Synthesis of fatty monoester lubricant base oil catalyzed by Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide complex}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Sciences}, volume = {126}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, month = {JUL}, pages = {997-1003}, publisher = {INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES}, address = {C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA}, abstract = {

Fatty monoester lubricant base oils as high as 96.7 mol\% were prepared by reacting methyl oleate with long-chain alcohols viz., 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (C-8-OH), 1-decanol (C10OH) and 1-dodecanol (C12OH) in the presence of a solid Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complex catalyst. Unlike many other acid catalysts, DMC doesn{\textquoteright}t produce undesired ether side products. The catalyst was reusable in four recycling experiments with little loss in catalytic activity and ester yield. The long-chain esters prepared in the study have the desired physical properties for their application as lubricant base oils.

}, keywords = {Fatty monoester, Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst, lubricant base oil, transesterification}, issn = {0974-3626}, author = {Raut, Ravindra K. and Shaikh, Mehejabeen and Darbha, Srinivas} } @article { ISI:000355786500005, title = {Phosphonated USY, a promising catalyst for the development of environmentally benign biodiesel (methyl acetate) process}, journal = {Journal of Energy Chemistry}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, month = {MAY}, pages = {285-290}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

The present study focuses on the evaluation of the potential applicability of Ultra Stable Y (USY) and phosphonated USY (1 wt\%-4 wt\% phosphorous loading) as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel (methyl acetate) production. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunaer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, total acidity by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. The performances of catalysts were evaluated for the transesterification of butyl acetate with methanol (a model reaction in biodiesel production). In view to obtain a maximum yield of methyl acetate, the optimization of process parameters such as reactant molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and reaction time was performed. All the phosphonated USY catalysts showed higher catalytic activity than the parent USY, which can be attributed to the increase of total acidity due to phosphonation. 2 wt\% P/USY (2\% phosphorous loaded on USY) exhibited 92\% methyl acetate yield with 100\% selectivity, which was proved to be a potential catalyst for biodiesel production. The invented catalyst was found to be stable and reusable for five catalytic cycles, demonstrating that it might be a environmentally benign catalytic process.

}, keywords = {Biodiesel, methyl acetate, phosphonated USY, transesterification}, issn = {2095-4956}, doi = {10.1016/S2095-4956(15)60313-8}, author = {Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y. and Gopal, Gahana C. and Bokade, Vijay V.} } @article {43977, title = {MgFeCe ternary layered double hydroxide as highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous base catalyst for synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by transesterification}, journal = {Catalysis Letters}, volume = {147}, year = {2017}, month = {OCT}, pages = { 2558-2569}, type = {Journal Article}, abstract = {A series of Mg3:Fex + Ce1-x LDHs (3:1) were synthesized by co-precipitation method by varying molar ratio of Fe:Ce between 1:0 to 0:1 (LDH-1 to LDH-6). All synthesized LDHs were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, N2 sorption, benzoic acid titration and XPS in detail and evaluated for selective synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by transesterification of ethylene carbonate with methanol. It was demonstrated that the structural and basic properties of synthesized LDHs were strongly dependent on the Fe:Ce molar ratio (Ce concentration). The correlation between their physicochemical properties and catalytic performance was studied in detail. Among all synthesized LDHs the best result was obtained with LDH-3 (Fe:Ce = 0.85:0.15) where LDH structure remained intact, and showed high number of strong basic sites on LDH surface. LDH-3 was recycled 7 times while maintaining high catalyst activity and selectivity towards DMC. The obtained results elucidate the important role of Ce in modifying the basic properties of LDH in enhancing the catalytic activity for DMC synthesis. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. {\textcopyright} 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.}, keywords = {Dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, Mg{\textendash}Fe{\textendash}Ce Ternary Hydrotalcite, transesterification}, doi = {10.1007/s10562-017-2146-x}, author = {Nivangune, N. T.}, editor = {Ranade, V. V.} } @article {48072, title = {Perception of glycerol carbonate as green chemical: synthesis and applications}, journal = {Catalysis Communications}, volume = {172}, year = {2022}, month = {DEC}, pages = {106542}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Glycerol carbonate (GC) is a prominent component in industrial practice and has a remarkable potential for the sophisticated applications. While GC has come into prominence due to the perceived overflow of glycerol (GLY) as a coproduct of biodiesel industry, its contemporary and future downstream applications are driving tremendous interest in recent years. This review comprises strategies for glycerol carbonate synthesis, properties and its applications. The conversion of GLY to GC via transesterification has appeared in consensus to be the most promising route. A detailed explanation of the effect of the catalysts and operating conditions on the GC yield to provide an updated understanding of the process are summarized. Future directions for GC production through catalytic transesterification are also discussed.

}, keywords = {Biodiesel, biofuels, catalysis, Glycerol, Glycerol carbonate, green chemistry, transesterification}, issn = {1566-7367}, doi = {10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106542}, author = {Gade, Swapna M. and Saptal, Vitthal B. and Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.} }