@article {45607,
	title = {Selective hydrogenolysis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural over Pd/C catalyst to 2,5-dimethylfuran},
	journal = {Journal of Saudi Chemical Society},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2019},
	month = {MAY},
	pages = {439-451},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>everal metal supported catalysts were prepared and evaluated for 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) hydrogenolysis to 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) which is a renewable potential fuel additive. Among the prepared catalysts, 3\%Pd/C showed excellent performance in terms of complete conversion of 5-HMF along with the highest selectivity of 99\% to 2,5-DMF. Detailed physico-chemical characterisation was done in order to understand structure-activity correlation. Uniformly dispersed Pd nanoparticles on activated carbon provided the adsorption surface to enhance the hydrogenation of 5-HMF. Reaction was well optimised and established by extensive study of different reaction parameters like temperature, pressure, reaction time, stirring effect, substrate loading and metal loading.</p>
},
	keywords = {Biomass, Fuel additive, heterogeneous catalysis, Hydrogenolysis, Palladium},
	issn = {1319-6103},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jscs.2018.08.009},
	author = {Solanki, B. S. and Rode, C. V.}
}
@article {47580,
	title = {Single-pot alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinates using heterogenized p-TSA catalyst**},
	journal = {ChemistrySelect},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {JUL },
	pages = {6636-6643},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Synthesis of levulinate esters which are known to be excellent sustainable fuel additives, was achieved by alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol over strong solid acid catalyst, prepared by copolymerization of p-toluenesulfonic acid with paraformaldehyde. Our catalyst possessed Bronsted acidity (3 mmol/g) with an excellent stability up to 220 degrees C. XPS, FT-IR and Pyridine-IR along with microanalysis studies confirmed the presence of terminal -SO3H functional groups responsible for Bronsted acidity in the catalyst. The catalyst was found to efficiently catalyze the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol to give alkyl levulinates under mild reaction conditions. The complete conversion of furfuryl alcohol with 96 \% and 97 \% selectivities to ethyl and butyl levulinates could be achieved using ethanol and butanol, respectively. Detailed study on effect of various reaction parameters like catalyst loading, reaction time and reaction temperature on conversion and product distribution was also carried out for the ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate. The catalyst could be easily recovered and recycled for five times successfully, with no loss in its original activity.},
	keywords = {Biomass, ethyl levulinate, Fuel additive, Furfuryl alcohol, heterogeneous catalysis},
	issn = {2365-6549},
	doi = {10.1002/slct.202101392},
	author = {Patil, Chetana R. and Kamble, Sanjay P. and Rode, Chandrashekhar V.}
}
@article {48974,
	title = {Valorizing biomass waste glycerol to fuel additive at room temperature using a nanostructured WO3/Nb2O5 catalyst},
	journal = {Catalysis Communications },
	volume = {186},
	year = {2024},
	month = {JAN},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	We developed a nanostructured catalyst consisting of WO3 nanoparticles and Nb2O5 nanorods for efficient glycerol acetalization to produce a fuel additive (solketal) at room temperature. Particularly, the WO3/Nb2O5 nanocatalyst calcined at 400 degrees C (WO3/Nb2O5-4) contains W5+ species and optimum acid sites, which enhanced glycerol conversion (92.3\%) with 95.6\% of solketal selectivity at room temperature. The structure stability of the WO3/Nb2O5-4 catalyst during the reaction is showcased by hot-filtration study and XRD/XPS characterization. However, the inadequate regeneration of the Bronsted acid sites led to a gradual decrease in the recyclable activity of the WO3/Nb2O5-4 catalyst.</p>
},
	keywords = {Bronsted-Lewis acid sites, Fuel additive, Room-temperature glycerol acetalization, W5+species},
	issn = {1566-7367},
	doi = {10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106827},
	author = {Putla, Suresh Babu and Subha, P. and Swapna, Bhattu and Singh, Nittan and Sudarsanam, Putla}
}
