@article {44518,
	title = {Sustainability assessment of brick work for low-cost housing: a comparison between waste based bricks and burnt clay bricks},
	journal = {Sustainable Cities and Society},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2018},
	month = {FEB },
	pages = {396-406},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Manufacturing of bricks, using clay or fly ash, is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions as their manufacturing involves utilization of coal and cement. To overcome this limitation, alternative construction materials are developed by author using industrial and agro wastes like cotton mill waste, recycled paper mill waste, and rice husk ash. This work aims at performing a sustainability assessment of burnt clay bricks and bricks made of industrial and agro wastes used for brickwork in a low-cost house. The criteria considered for the assessment are economic, environmental, social, and technical aspects for manufacture of bricks and use of different bricks for brickwork. For the evaluation of environmental criterion, a life cycle assessment (LCA) tool is used. Overall sustainability index (SI) is calculated for alternatives based on the various criteria using MIVES approach. The relative SIs of clay and fly ash bricks, were 0.25 and 0.26, respectively. Overall, bricks made of industrial and agro wastes are found more sustainable with the highest SI for cotton waste bricks (0.94). Sensitivity analysis also confirmed that brickwork from waste based bricks is more sustainable compared to brickwork made from clay brick or fly ash brick.},
	keywords = {Life cycle assessment, Low cost housing, Multicriteria decision, Sustainability index, Sustainable construction material},
	issn = {22106707},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scs.2017.11.025},
	author = {Joglekar, S. N.},
	editor = {Kharkar, R. A.}
}
@article {45533,
	title = {Process development of silica extraction from RHA: a cradle to gate environmental impact approach},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2019},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {492-500},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>India is one of the major rice-producing countries. Rice husk is a major agricultural by-product from rice production, which is used as a fuel in boilers. Its use as fuel produces huge amounts of silica-rich rice husk ash (RHA). This paper aims at providing an overall assessment of environmental impacts associated with the extraction of silica from RHAa process developed by our study group. The functional unit used in this study is production of 100kg of silica. The analysis included the extraction and transportation of other raw materials; RHA was assumed to be processed at the site. The study was conducted in accordance with the international ISO 14040 procedural framework. LCA is performed using GaBi Education software, and five midpoint indicators are chosen to assess the environmental impacts of silica extraction. The overall climate change (CC) of the extraction process is 7.26kg CO2 equivalent per kg of silica produced. A high contribution of calcination to CC is attributed to the use of electricity. The comprehensive environmental impacts of silica-rich RHA resulting from processing of RHA and improvement options to achieve sustainable production are presented. The negative impacts that can be avoided during silica extraction are also discussed. It is observed that calcination is a major contributor to the overall environmental indicators. The work also stresses on the use of renewable energy for electricity generation, which would help in decreasing the overall greenhouse gas emissions during extraction while ensuring waste utilization.</p>},
	keywords = {Environmental impacts, Life cycle assessment, Rice husk ash, silica},
	issn = {0944-1344},
	doi = {10.1007/s11356-018-3648-9},
	author = {Joglekar, Saurabh N. and Kharkar, Rhushikesh A. and Mandavgane, Sachin A. and Kulkarni, Bhaskar D.}
}
@article {49064,
	title = {Extraction, characterization, and life cycle assessment of nanosilica from millet husk:  sustainable alternative with low environmental impact},
	journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production },
	volume = {442},
	year = {2024},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {140924},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Eco-friendly approaches for silica production are highly researched to respond increasing industrial demand for bio-nanofillers. Herein, nanosilica of 10-20 nm with mesoporosity was obtained through a mild oxalic acid pre-treatment of millet husk, followed by calcination at 700 degrees C for 2 h. Compared with commercial precipitated silica (CS) and millet husk ash (MHA) directly obtained by calcination of the husk, the pre-treated silica (MHS) had higher purity, revealed using EDX spectroscopy. Moreover, FTIR and Si-29 NMR showed a higher condensation degree in MHS with 73\% of Q4 siloxane bonds vs 4\% in MHA. The release of the metal and organic impurities from the husk also allows to reduce the crystallinity of MHS, and to increase the specific surface area from 82 m(2)/g in MHA to 238 m(2)/g in MHS. The type II N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of MHA and MHS indicate aggregates of non-porous silica particles. MHS also demonstrated remarkable thermal resilience. According to the LCA analysis, MHS has a 40\% lower impact on global warming, a 38\% lower impact on human carcinogenic toxicity, and a 38\% lower impact on terrestrial acidification compared to rice husk nanosilica. This research thus addresses sustainability challenges by repurposing millet husks, which are readily available due to continuous millet cultivation, particularly in India. By reducing the ecological impact of husk disposal through burning, this study offers an economically viable technology for high-purity silica production, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable practices.</p>
},
	keywords = {Life cycle assessment, Millet husk, Nanosilica, Oxalic acid},
	issn = {0959-6526},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140924},
	author = {Dominic, C. D. Midhun and Rosa, Derval dos Santos and Barbosa, Rennan Felix da Silva and Anagha, O. V. and Neenu, K. V. and Begum, P. M. Sabura and Kumar, V. Aswathy and Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar and Siriwong, Chomsri and Ajithkumar, T. G. and Shelke, Ankita and Pasc, Andreea}
}
