@article { ISI:000232129900020, title = {Synthesis of gold nanospheres and nanotriangles by the Turkevich approach}, journal = {Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology}, volume = {5}, number = {10}, year = {2005}, month = {OCT}, pages = {1721-1727}, publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS}, type = {Article}, address = {25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA}, abstract = {

Gold nanoparticles of triangular morphology possess interesting optical properties with potential application in medicine and infrared absorbing coatings, however, little is known about conditions that favor their growth. In this paper, we have reinvestigated a time-tested recipe for the formation of gold nanospheres by citrate reduction of aqueous gold ions under boiling conditions (Turkevich recipe). Our principle findings are that gold nanotriangle formation is kinetically controlled and is highly favored at low temperatures. Furthermore, the presence of chloride ions from the precursor chloroaurate ions plays a major role in promoting the growth of [111] oriented triangular/truncated triangular particles. The presence of bromide and iodide ions that possess the ability to replace surface-bound chloride ions inhibits triangle formation to varying degrees.

}, keywords = {Crystal growth, Gold, halides, nanospheres, nanotriangles, Temperature effect}, issn = {1533-4880}, doi = {10.1166/jnn.2005.192}, author = {Shankar, S. S. and Bhargava, S. and Sastry, Murali} } @article { ISI:000242327500019, title = {Factors influencing decomposition of H2O2 over supported Pd catalyst in aqueous medium}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical}, volume = {260}, number = {1-2}, year = {2006}, month = {DEC}, pages = {115-120}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Since H2O2 decomposition can result in selectivity/yield loss in the direct H2O2 synthesis process from H-2 and O-2 over supported Pd catalysts, it is important to have an enhanced understanding about the factors affecting the H2O2 decomposition reaction. Herein, detailed studies have been undertaken to investigate the influence of different factors, such as (a) nature and concentration of acid in reaction medium, (b) nature and concentration of halide in presence and absence of acid in reaction medium, (c) pretreatment procedures and (d) catalyst modification by incorporation of different halides, on the H2O2 decomposition reaction over a 5\% Pd/C catalyst in aqueous medium at 25 degrees C. This study has shown that the H2O2 decomposition activity is profoundly influenced by all the above factors. The effectiveness of the acids in suppressing the H2O2 decomposition activity decreased in the following order: hydroiodic acid \> hydrobromic acid \> hydrochloric acid \>\> acetic acid \> phosphoric acid \> sulfuric acid \> perchloric acid. The ability of the acid to decrease the H2O2 decomposition activity was found to very strongly depend on the nature of its associated anion. Halides, such as iodide, bromide and chloride were particularly effective in suppressing the H2O2 decomposition activity. Oxidation pretreatment of the catalyst was found to strongly suppress its H2O2 decomposition activity, while a reduction treatment was found to promote its activity. A gradual decrease in the H2O2 decomposition activity of the catalyst was observed with each successive usage due to in situ sub-surface oxidation of Pd by H2O2. Halide incorporation either via the reaction medium or prior catalyst modification had a similar qualitative effect on the H2O2 decomposition activity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {acid, H2O2 decomposition, H2O2 synthesis, halides, Pd catalysts, pretreatment}, issn = {1381-1169}, doi = {10.1016/j.molcata.2006.07.009}, author = {Choudhary, Vasant R. and Samanta, C. and Choudhary, Tushar V.} } @article {Manoj, title = {Tethered Pd-complex on solid support: catalyst for acid-free carbonylation reactions}, journal = {Catalysis Communictions}, volume = {8}, number = {9}, year = {2007}, month = {SEP}, pages = {1386-1392}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

{Palladium complex [

}, keywords = {decomposition, direct H2O2 synthesis, halides, Promoter}, issn = {1566-7367}, doi = {10.1016/j.catcom.2006.11.035}, author = {Sarkar, Bibbas R. and Mukhopadhyay, Kausik and Chaudhari, Raghunath V.} } @article {43883, title = {Nickel-catalyzed N-vinylation of heteroaromatic amines via C-H bond activation}, journal = {Organic \& Biomolecular Chemistry}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {SEP}, pages = { 6896-6900}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Here, we report a ligand- and reductant-free nickel-catalyzed N-vinylation of heteroaromatic amines using biorenewable p-cymene as a solvent. This unprecedented cross-coupling strategy has high functional group tolerance (halides, alkoxy, cyano, chiral motif, etc.) and proceeded via C-H bond activation.

}, keywords = {Alkylation, Amination Reactions, Anilines, Aryl Chlorides, halides, Monoarylation, O Bonds, Precatalyst, Pyrimidines, Removeble Directing Group}, issn = {1477-0520}, doi = {10.1039/c7ob01791j}, author = {Landge, Vinod G. and Rana, Jagannath and Subaramanian, Murugan and Balaraman, Ekambaram} }