@article { ISI:000259888700043,
	title = {Biocomposites of cellulose reinforced starch: improvement of properties by photo-induced crosslinking},
	journal = {Bioresource Technology},
	volume = {99},
	number = {18},
	year = {2008},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {8803-8809},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD},
	type = {Article},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>In the present study, the composite films have been prepared from the aqueous dispersions of starch with microcrystalline cellulose using glycerol as plasticizer and irradiated under ultraviolet (UV) light using sodium benzoate as photo-sensitizer. Photocrosslinking was characterized by measuring the water absorption under 100\% relative humidity, swelling degree and gel fraction in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSC), upon irradiation time. Both, the incorporation of cellulose and photo-irradiation were found to decrease the water absorption, swelling in DMSO and increase the gel fraction. Thermal transitions indicated the anti-plasticization of amylopectin chains at the fiber/matrix interface. With increasing content of cellulose and photo-irradiation time, the tensile modulus and strength were found to improve. It is summarized that the combination of cellulose reinforcement and photo-crosslinking of matrix has improved the physical and mechanical properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Biocomposites, cellulose, Photo-irradiation and crosslinking, Starch},
	issn = {0960-8524},
	doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.045},
	author = {Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Singh, Raj Pal}
}
@article {46836,
	title = {Enhancing the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid using nanocellulose},
	journal = {Polymer Engineering and Science},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2020},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {1842-1855},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>We report here a systematic investigation of the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) processed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing vs PLA processed by compression molding. Our results show that the tensile strength and modulus of FFF-PLA is 49\% and 41\% lower, respectively, than compression molded samples of PLA. We also demonstrate here an approach to augment the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA using nanocellulose. Incorporation of a small quantity (1 wt\%) of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) was found to enhance the tensile strength and modulus of 3D printed PLA by 84\% and 63\%, respectively. X-ray microtomography was used to probe the morphology of 3D printed PLA and PLA/CNF composites. 3D printed PLA/CNF composites had significantly lesser voids as compared to neat 3D printed PLA. Differential scanning calorimetry study revealed that CNF can accelerate the nucleation and crystallization of 3D printed PLA leading to enhanced crystallinity. The thermal stability of 3D printed PLA/CNF composites was not compromised by the addition of CNF. The enhanced mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA/CNF composites can be ascribed to higher crystallinity and lesser defects.</p>
},
	keywords = {3D printing, Biocomposites, composites, fused filament fabrication (FFF), Nanocellulose, polylactic acid (PLA)},
	issn = {0032-3888},
	doi = {10.1002/pen.25421, Early Access Date = JUN 2020},
	author = {Ambone, Tushar and Torris, Arun and Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan}
}
