@article { ISI:000291832800003,
	title = {Polyaniline modified electrodes for detection of dyes},
	journal = {Synthetic Metals},
	volume = {161},
	number = {9-10},
	year = {2011},
	month = {MAY},
	pages = {659-664},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA},
	address = {PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND},
	abstract = {<p>Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most extensively used conjugated polymers in the design of electrochemical sensors. In this study, we report electrochemical dye detection based on PANI for the adsorption of both anionic and cationic dyes from solution. The inherent property of PANI to adsorb dyes has been explored for the development of electrochemical detection of dye in solution. The PANI film was grown on electrode via electrochemical polymerization. The as grown PANI film could easily adsorb the dye in the electrolyte solution and form an insulating layer on the PANI coated electrode. As a result, the current intensity of the PANI film was significantly altered. Furthermore, PANI coated stainless steel (SS) electrodes show a change in the current intensity of Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) redox peaks due to the addition of dye in electrolyte solution. PANI films coated on both Pt electrodes and non-expensive SS electrodes showed the concentration of dye adsorbed is directly proportional to the current intensity or potential shift and thus can be used for the quantitative detection of textile dyes at very low concentrations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Electrochemical sensor, Emeraldine base, Emeraldine salt, polyaniline},
	issn = {0379-6779},
	doi = {10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.01.005},
	author = {Mahanta, Debajyoti and Munichandraiah, N. and Radhakrishnan, S. and Madras, Giridhar and Patil, Satish}
}
@article {49822,
	title = {Waste-to-sensor: repurposing spent Li-ion battery graphite into reduced graphene oxide for electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid},
	journal = {Resources Conservation and Recycling},
	volume = {225},
	year = {2026},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {108610},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Spent lithium-ion batteries (S-LIBs) are typically discarded in landfills after their lifecycle ends, despite containing valuable materials like graphite. While much research focuses on extracting precious metals from the cathode, this study explores the recycling, recovery, and reuse of spent graphite, converting it into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for electrochemical sensing. The rGO material demonstrated excellent sensitivity to ascorbic acid (AA) in a concentration range of 1 mM to 100 mM at pH 7.6, offering a cost-effective solution for AA detection. The recovered graphite (RG) from S-LIBs and commercial graphite (CG) was first converted into graphene oxide (R-GO, C-GO) and then reduced (R-rGO, C-rGO). This material underwent extensive structural characterization using techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Electrochemical performance was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). This study underscores the {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}waste-to-wealth{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} concept and supports circular economy principles by transforming electronic waste into a valuable resource. The LOD and LOQ for both the material R-rGO and C-rGO were calculated as 3.055 mM, 10.18 mM, and 3.41 mM, 11.36 mM, respectively. The rGO-based sensor not only promotes sustainable recycling but also offers a low-cost, high-performance solution for ascorbic acid detection, with potential applications in food quality monitoring, medical diagnostics, and the cosmetic industry.</p>
},
	keywords = {circular economy, Closed loop recycling, Electrochemical sensor, Graphite recovery, Hydrometallurgy, Spent Li-ion batteries},
	issn = {0921-3449},
	doi = {10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108610},
	author = {Rawat, Purnima and Shivamurthy, B. P. and Patil, Vaibhav J. and Nayaka, G. P.}
}
