@article { ISI:000253521600009,
	title = {Iron-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles for reductive degradation of azo dye orange G in aqueous solution},
	journal = {Applied Catalysis B-Environmental},
	volume = {79},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {MAR},
	pages = {270-278},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	type = {Article},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>The degradation of Orange G, a monoazo dye, in aqueous solutions was investigated using Fe-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of as-synthesized nanoparticles showed the presence of spherical particles having a size of 20-40 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) did not detect the presence of nickel on the nanoparticle surface, which suggested a uniform distribution of both metals inside the particle core. Batch experiments with a minimum nanocatalyst loading of 3 g/L showed complete dye degradation after 10 min of reaction time. The degradation efficiency was linearly dependent on the initial dye concentration, pH of the solution and total Fe-Ni catalyst concentration. The efficiency increased with increasing Fe-Ni concentration and decreasing pH of the solution, but decreased with an increase in the dye concentration. The degradation rate followed first order reaction kinetics with respect to the dye concentration. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of the degradation products revealed that the degradation mechanism proceeds through a reductive cleavage of the azo linkage resulting in the formation of aniline and surface-adsorbed naphthol amine derivatives. The latter are subsequently hydroxylated through an oxidative process. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Azo Dye, Degradation, iron, Nanoparticles, Nickel},
	issn = {0926-3373},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.10.033},
	author = {Bokare, Alok D. and Chikate, Rajeev C. and Rode, Chandrashekhar V. and Paknikar, Kishore M.}
}
@article { ISI:000303280000009,
	title = {Photocatalytic degradation of Azo dyes using Au:TiO2, gamma-Fe2O3:TiO2 functional nanosystems},
	journal = {Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {928-936},
	publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS},
	address = {26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA},
	abstract = {<p>We report photocatalytic degradation studies on Navy Blue HE2R (NB) dye on significant details as a representative from the class of azo dyes using functional nanosystems specifically designed to allow a strong photocatalytic activity. A modified sol-gel route was employed to synthesize Au and gamma-Fe2O3 modified TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) at low temperature. The attachment strategy is better because it allows clear surface of TiO2 to remain open for photo-catalysis. X-ray diffraction, Raman and UV-VIS spectroscopy studies showed the presence of gold and iron oxide phases along-with the anatase TiO2 phase. TEM studies showed TiO2 nanocomposite particles of size similar to 10-12 nm. A detailed investigation on heterogeneous photocatalytic performance for Navy Blue HE2R dye was done using the as-synthesized catalysts Au:TiO2 and gamma-Fe2O3:TiO2 in aqueous suspension under 8 W low-pressure mercury vapour lamp irradiation. Also, the photocatalytic degradation of Amranth and Orange G azo dyes were studied. The surface modified TiO2 NPs showed significantly improved photocatalytic activity as compared to pure TiO2. Exposure of the dye to the UV light in the presence of pure and gold NPs attached TiO2 catalysts caused dye degradation of about similar to 20\% and similar to 80\%, respectively, in the first couple of hours. In the presence of gamma-Fe2O3 NPs attached TiO2, a remarkable similar to 95\% degradation of the azo dye was observed only in the first 15 min of UV exposure. The process parameters for the optimum catalytic activity are established which lead to a complete decoloration and substantial dye degradation, supported by the values of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) similar to 93\% and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) similar to 65\% of the treated dye solution after 5 hours on the employment of the UV/Au:TiO2/H2O2 photocatalytic process.</p>},
	keywords = {Azo Dye, COD, H2O2, Photocatalysis, TiO2},
	issn = {1533-4880},
	doi = {10.1166/jnn.2012.5171},
	author = {Jagadale, Tushar C. and Kulkarni, Manjusha and Pravarthana, D. and Ramadan, Wegdan and Thakur, Pragati}
}
