@article { ISI:000242285000001, title = {Comparative assessment of downstream processing options for lactic acid}, journal = {Separation and Purification Technology}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, month = {NOV}, pages = {1-17}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

The possibility of manufacturing a biodegradable polymer from lactic acid has led to extensive research in recovery of lactic acid produced by fermentation, by different downstream processing routes. This paper assesses the suitability of different downstream processing options such as reactive extraction, adsorption, electrodialysis, esterification and reactive distillation. It compares the costs of different process routes. The assessment indicates that the conventional precipitation of calcium lactate, followed by acidification, esterification and hydrolysis will be the most economical route although it generates large quantity of gypsum sludge. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Adsorption, electrodialysis, Esterification, Lactic acid, Reactive distillation, reactive extraction}, issn = {1383-5866}, doi = {10.1016/j.seppur.2006.03.015}, author = {Joglekar, H. G. and Rahman, Imran and Babu, Suresh and Kulkarni, B. D. and Joshi, Ajit} } @article { ISI:000245334800007, title = {Analysis of a membrane reactor: influence of membrane characteristics and operating conditions}, journal = {International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering}, volume = {5}, year = {2007}, month = {APR}, pages = {Article No. A5}, publisher = {BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS}, type = {Article}, address = {2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA}, abstract = {

Modeling of an esterification reaction in a batch pervaporation membrane reactor (PVMR), and an analysis of the PVMR performance under different reaction conditions for different membrane characteristics are presented. Esterification of ethyl alcohol with acetic acid was considered as the model reaction. The PVMR performance for this reaction could be represented by a 2-step series model. The PVMR performance was similar to that of the batch reactor when both the reactors were in the kinetic regime. However, the performance of the PVMR was superior to that of the batch reactor when both were in the intermediate/equilibrium regime of the reaction. In these regions, the PVMR performance was influenced/limited by the membrane flux and selectivity. The analysis showed that the membrane flux affected the PVMR performance in the intermediate region and the membrane selectivity affected the performance in the equilibrium regime. Further, the limitations introduced by a low-flux membrane could be overcome by appropriate selection of the membrane area and that due to poor selectivity could be compensated to a certain extent by adjusting the feed ratio.

}, keywords = {comparison, Esterification, membrane reactor, performance, pervaporation membrane}, issn = {1542-6580}, author = {Tanna, Nikunj P. and Mayadevi, S.} } @article { ISI:000249949800020, title = {Catalytic performances of silicotungstic acid/zirconia supported SBA-15 in an esterification of benzyl alcohol with acetic acid}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical }, volume = {276 }, number = {1-2}, year = {2007}, month = {OCT}, pages = {150-157}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Liquid phase esterification of benzyl alcohol (BA) to benzyl acetate (Peach fragrance) with an acetic acid (AA) has been investigated with 12-silicotungstic acid supported on zirconia embedded inside SBA-15 (STA/ZrO2/SBA- 15) as the catalyst. Catalysts were unambiguously characterized by XRD, N-2 adsorption-desorption, FF-IR pyridine adsorption techniques and the total amount of acidity of different STA loaded catalysts was estimated by TPD of NH3. The optimization of reaction conditions of an esterification of BA with AA was performed with 15 wt.\% STA/22.4 wt.\% ZrO2/SBA-15 calcined at 1123 K by varying catalyst concentration (1-10 wt.\% of reaction mixture); temperature, 353-383 K and AA:BA molar ratio as 0.5-3. The 15 wt.\% STA/22.4 wt.\% ZrO2/SBA-15 calcined at 1123 K was found to have the highest acidity and more active in the reaction. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the 15 wt.\% STA/22.4 wt.\%ZrO2/SBA-15 calcined at 1123 K gave 59\% BA conversion with selectivity for benzyl acetate as high as 96\% within 2 h of reaction time. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {12-silicotungstic acid, Benzyl acetate, Benzyl alcohol, Esterification, SBA-15}, issn = {1381-1169}, doi = {10.1016/j.molcata.2007.07.001}, author = {Sawant, Dhanashri P. and Vinu, A. and Justus, Josena and Srinivasu, P. and Halligudi, Shivaraj B.} } @article { ISI:000293288500001, title = {Biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fat over solid acid double-metal cyanide catalysts}, journal = {Catalysis Surveys from Asia}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {SEP}, pages = {145-160}, publisher = {SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS}, address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}, abstract = {

Biodiesel comprises of fatty acid alkyl esters prepared from vegetable oils or animal fat by esterification/transesterification with short-chain alcohols (methanol or ethanol, for example). It is a biodegradable renewable fuel. Its production is growing exponentially due to greater concerns about environmental protection and depletion of fossil fuel resources. Further, its production from non-edible oils and animal fat is more desirable than from edible oils due to lower cost of non-edible feedstocks and elimination of food verses fuel issues. Solid acid catalysts are ideal for conversion of such low-grade oils to biodiesel. Biodiesel from non-edible oils can be produced by two methods: (1) simultaneous esterification of fatty acids and transesterification of fatty acid glycerides and (2) hydrolysis of glycerides followed by esterification. This account reports the catalytic performance of solid, Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes and other acid catalysts in these transformations for biodiesel production. The factors influencing the catalytic performance of the solid acid catalysts in biodiesel production are discussed.

}, keywords = {Biodiesel, Double-metal cyanide, Esterification, Hydrolysis, solid acid catalysts, transesterification}, issn = {1571-1013}, doi = {10.1007/s10563-010-9108-2}, author = {Srinivas, Darbha and Satyarthi, Jitendra K.} } @article { ISI:000320976600013, title = {Catalytic upgrading of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate biodiesel using dodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on desilicated H-ZSM-5 as catalyst}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General}, volume = {460}, year = {2013}, month = {JUN}, pages = {90-98}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Levulinic acid (LA) is considered as a renewable platform chemical and can be used for the synthesis of variety of important fuels and chemicals. In particular, its esterification with ethanol produces ethyl levulinate (EL) would be green process, as it can be used as diesel miscible biofuel (DMB), preventing global warming by decreasing atmospheric CO2. This study explores the use of modified H-ZSM-5 by desilication viz.; DH-ZSM-5 and dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA) loaded on DH-ZSM-5 for esterification of LA with ethanol aiming to EL. Different degree of desilication of H-ZSM-5 was performed by using aq. NaOH (0.2-1.5 M) at 338 K for 30 min and then DTPA was loaded on these desilicated H-ZSM-5 (DH-ZSM-5) support. H-ZSM-5, DH-ZSM-5 and DTPA on these DH-ZSM-5 samples were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption-desorption, pyridine chemisorbed IR spectroscopy, Temperature Programmed Ammonia Desorption (TPAD). The increase in conversion of levulinic acid was observed from 28\% to 94\% with increase of DTPA loading from 0\% to 15\%. The increased LA conversion may be due to increase in total acidity from 43.14\% to 84.31\%. The use of DH-ZSM-5 as support for deposition of DTPA may be reported for the first time. The present work also extended to optimize process parameters such as DTPA loading on DH-ZSM-5, catalyst to LA ratio, LA to ethanol molar ratio, speed of agitation, particle size reaction temperature and catalyst reusability. Kinetic study based on pseudo-homogeneous (P-H) model is also presented. The experimental results follow second order kinetics. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {desilicated H-ZSM-5, DTPA on desilicated H-ZSM-5, Esterification, ethyl levulinate, levulinic acid}, issn = {0926-860X}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2013.04.024}, author = {Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y. and Sonar, Shilpa K. and Niphadkar, Prashant S. and Joshi, Praphulla N. and Deshpande, Shilpa S. and Patil, Vilas S. and Bokade, Vijay V.} } @article { ISI:000328527000041, title = {Esterification of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate over bimodal micro-mesoporous H/BEA zeolite derivatives}, journal = {Catalysis Communications}, volume = {43}, year = {2014}, month = {JAN}, pages = {188-191}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

A series of bimodal micro-mesoporous H/BEA zeolite derivatives were prepared by the post-synthesis modification of H/BEA zeolite by NaOH (0.05 M-1.2 M) treatment Samples were characterized by powder XRD, low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and ICP. The mesopore formation was found to play a crucial role in liquid phase esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol. The enhanced catalytic activity of a bimodal micro-mesoporous H/BEA zeolite derivative (H/BEA(0.10)) prepared by treatment with 0.1M NaOH can be mainly attributed to the high mesoporosity coupled with better preserved crystallinity and acidic properties. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Esterification, ethyl levulinate, H/BEA zeolite, Mesoporosity, Post-synthesis modification}, issn = {1566-7367}, doi = {10.1016/j.catcom.2013.10.006}, author = {Patil, C. R. and Niphadkar, P. S. and Bokade, Vijay V. and Joshi, P. N.} } @article { ISI:000341764500007, title = {Esterification of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate biodiesel catalyzed by highly active and reusable desilicated H-ZSM-5}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology}, volume = {89}, number = {10}, year = {2014}, month = {OCT}, pages = {1507-1515}, publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, type = {Article}, address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}, abstract = {

BACKGROUNDIn the near future, fossil fuel will have limitations in terms of availability and also great concerns over its environmental impact. New routes and related technologies based on renewable feedstocks can overcome most of these problems associated with fossil fuel. Among current biodiesel sources, ethyl levulinate (EL) biodiesel obtained from catalytic esterification of renewable levulinic acid (LA) with ethanol has received a great deal of attention. The use of desilicated H-ZSM-5 (DH-ZSM-5) as heterogeneous acid catalyst for EL biodiesel production in a closed system (under autogeneous pressure) was studied. RESULTSThe effect of reaction parameters such as ethanol to LA molar ratio (4:1 to 10:1), catalyst to LA ratio (0.10-0.25), speed of agitation (100-400rpm), particle size (53-355 mu m), reaction temperature (363-403K) and reaction time (7h) was investigated to maximize LA conversion. CONCLUSIONLevulinic acid conversion reached 95\% over DH-ZSM-5 and the catalyst was reusable for up to six cycles. This LA conversion and the catalyst reusability values are higher than others reported in the literature. A pseudo-homogeneous (P-H) kinetic model indicated that reaction rate constants increased with increasing molar ratio, catalyst to LA ratio and reaction temperature. The activation energy decreased from 73.14 to 21.08 kJ mol(-1) when increasing the catalyst to LA ratio from 0.10 to 0.25, which implies a kinetically controlled reaction. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

}, keywords = {desilicated H-ZSM-5, Esterification, ethyl levulinate, levulinic acid}, issn = {0268-2575}, doi = {10.1002/jctb.4228}, author = {Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y. and Niphadkar, Prashant S. and Deshpande, Shilpa S. and Bokade, Vijay V.} } @article { ISI:000340306500026, title = {Facile esterification of carboxylic acid using amide functionalized benzimidazolium dicationic ionic liquids}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General}, volume = {482}, year = {2014}, month = {JUL}, pages = {214-220}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Herein, we report the synthesis of a new series of amide functionalized dicationic benzimidazolium based ionic liquids (DBimILs) and appraised their efficacy towards perceptive esterification of carboxylic acids with alkyl/allyl/aryl halides in presence of triethylamine. The amide groups present in this new series of DBimILs are expected to form hydrogen bonding with the carboxylic acids and this could facilitate the esterification reactions under mild conditions devoid of any added catalyst or organic solvent. The plausible mechanism for the enhanced catalytic activity in presence of this new series of ILs has been proposed. The corresponding alkyl/allyl/aryl esters isolated from this reaction were of high purity after simple extraction, which wipe out the necessity for further purification. This protocol addresses clean methodology and the efficient recyclability as well as reusability of the catalyst. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Benzimidazolium, Dicationic ionic liquids, Esterification, Homogenous catalysis}, issn = {0926-860X}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2014.06.004}, author = {Muskawar, Prashant Narayan and Thenmozhi, K. and Gajbhiye, Jayant M. and Bhagat, Pundlik Rambhau} } @article { ISI:000340350900018, title = {Production of octyl levulinate biolubricant over modified H-ZSM-5: Optimization by response surface methodology}, journal = {Journal of Energy Chemistry}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, month = {JUL}, pages = {535-541}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

The present study highlighted the use of modified H-ZSM-5 (Meso-HZ-5) as heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of octyl levulinate biolubricant by catalytic esterification of biomass derived renewable levulinic acid (LA) with n-octanol. The process variables such as catalyst loading (X-1), n-octanol to LA molar ratio (X-2) and reaction temperature (X-3) were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM), using Box-Behnken model. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the adequacy and significance of the quadratic model. The yield of octyl levulinate was obtained to be 99\% at optimum process parameters. The developed quadratic model was found to be adequate and statistically accurate with correlation value (R-2) of 0.9971 to predict the yield of octyl levulinate biolubricant. The study was also extended on the validation of theoretical and experimental data, including catalyst reusability.

}, keywords = {biolubricant, Esterification, H-ZSM-5, levulinic acid, octyl levulinate, Response surface methodology}, issn = {2095-4956}, doi = {10.1016/S2095-4956(14)60182-0}, author = {Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y. and Yadava, Sunil K. and Bokade, Vijay V.} } @article { ISI:000329791800007, title = {Pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model for esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers over dodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on montmorillonite k10}, journal = {Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {FEB}, pages = {121-127}, publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}, abstract = {

Esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers such as isopropanol and naEuropropanol was carried out over dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA), dodecamolybdophosphoric acid ammonium salt hydrate, and sodium tungstate hydrated purified supported on montmorillonite K10, which were characterized by powder XaEuroray diffraction, BrunaueraEuro{\textquoteright}EmmettaEuro{\textquoteright}Teller, and temperature programmed ammonia desorption. A pseudoaEurohomogeneous (PaEuroH) kinetic model was established for esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers over DTPA supported on montmorillonite K10. Effects of various parameters such as reaction time, speed of agitation, particle size, temperature, percent catalyst loading, molar ratio and mixture of propanol isomer were investigated in detail. The 20\% (w/w) DTPA/K10 was found to be an optimum solid catalyst with 82\% naEuropropanol and 53\% isopropanol conversion with 100\% selectivity toward propyl acetate. The 20\% (w/w) DTPA/K10 catalyst was found to be reusable for three cycles. The reaction follows secondaEuroorder kinetics with activation energies of 25.53aEuro?kJaEuro?mol(a?{\textquoteright}1) and 28.15aEuro?kJaEuro?mol(a?{\textquoteright}1) for isopropanol and naEuropropanol, respectively. PseudoaEurohomogeneous kinetic model fitted with R-2 value of trend line 0.999. This implies that esterification reaction is kinetically controlled owing to high activation energy. Copyright a (c) 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.

}, keywords = {Acetic acid, dodecatungstophosphoric acid, Esterification, kinetic model, montmorillonite K10}, issn = {0894-3230}, doi = {10.1002/poc.3249}, author = {Gurav, Hanumant R. and Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y. and Bokade, Vijay V.} } @article { ISI:000355231200019, title = {Environmentally benign catalytic process for esterification of renewable levulinic acid to various alkyl levulinates biodiesel}, journal = {Environmental Progress \& Sustainable Energy}, volume = {34}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, month = {SEP}, pages = {795-801}, publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}, abstract = {

This study explores, the use of modified zeolite (Micro/Meso-HZ-5) obtained by desilication post-treatment as heterogeneous catalyst for esterification of biomass derived renewable levulinic acid (LA) with different alkyl alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and n-octanol aiming to produce corresponding alkyl levulinate. This method of production of alkyl levulinates would be sustainable process, as it can be used as novel miscible diesel biofuels preventing global warming by decreasing atmospheric CO2. The LA conversion obtained over Micro/Meso-HZ-5 was higher than H-ZSM-5, which is due to the combined effect of increase in Bronsted acid sites, total acidity, and other properties such as BET surface area and the generation of mesoporosity. The maximum LA conversion of 91, 95, 96, and 98\% with 100\% selectivity toward alkyl levulinate was obtained, when LA was being esterified over Micro/Meso-HZ-5 with methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and n-octanol, respectively, at optimal process parameters. Micro/Meso-HZ-5 catalyst was found to be reusable for six cycles. Furthermore, pseudo homogeneous (P-H) kinetic model of the esterification of LA with the studied four alcohols were established with R-2\>0.99, using the experimental data. A P-H kinetic model implies that, the esterification reaction follows second order reversible kinetics. (c) 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 795-801, 2015

}, keywords = {biofuels, Esterification, kinetic model, levulinic acid, meso-HZ-5, micro}, issn = {1944-7442}, doi = {10.1002/ep.12042}, author = {Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y. and Bokade, Vijay V.} } @article { ISI:000348924600005, title = {Esterification of renewable levulinic acid to n-butyl levulinate over modified H-ZSM-5}, journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, month = {FEB}, pages = {246-252}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

The synthesis of n-butyl levulinate, one of the most important biodiesel additives, by catalytic esterification of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) with n-butanol over modified H-ZSM-5 (micro/meso-HZ-5) in a closed-batch system is reported for the first time. The optimization of the reaction conditions such as the reactant molar ratio, the catalyst loading, the reaction time and the temperature was performed in view to maximize the yield of n-butyl levulinate. Micro/meso-HZ-5 was found to be the most efficient catalyst, with 98\% yield of n-butyl levulinate and a reusability for six cycles, which is higher than reported in the literature. A possible catalytic mechanism for the esterification reaction is also proposed. A second-order pseudo-homogeneous model with R-2 \> 0.97 confirmed that the esterification reaction is performed in the kinetic regime due to the high activation energy of 23.84 kJ mol(-1).

}, keywords = {Esterification, kinetic model, levulinic acid, Micro/meso-HZ-5, n-Butyl levulinate}, issn = {0930-7516}, doi = {10.1002/ceat.201400326}, author = {Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y. and Bokade, Vijay V.} } @article {45644, title = {Application of glucose derived magnetic solid acid for etherification of 5-HMF to 5-EMF, dehydration of sorbitol to isosorbide, and esterification of fatty acids}, journal = {Tetrahedron Letters}, volume = {57}, year = {2016}, month = {SEP }, pages = {4398-4400}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

In this study, the catalytic activity of Glu-Fe3O4-SO3H was evaluated for three acid catalyzed reactions: etherification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF) in ethanol, dehydration of sorbitol to isosorbide, and esterification of fatty acids with good yields and selectivity. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction with an external magnetic force and reused at least five times without a significant decrease in catalytic activity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {dehydration, Esterification, etherification, Magnetic}, issn = {0040-4039}, doi = {10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.061}, author = {Thombal, Raju S. and Jadhav, Vrushali H.} } @article { ISI:000370104700016, title = {Optimization by box-behnken experimental design fur synthesis of n-hexyl levulinate biolubricant over hierarchical H-ZSM-5: an effort towards agricultural waste minimization}, journal = {Process Safety and Environmental Protection}, volume = {99}, year = {2016}, month = {JAN}, pages = {159-166}, publisher = {INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS}, type = {Article}, address = {165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

The present study is devoted to develop efficient catalytic process for conversion of agricultural waste feedstock to value added chemicals. In this context, the n-hexyl levulinate, a renewable biolubricant was synthesized by esterification of biomass derived levulinic acid (LA) with n-hexanol in a closed batch system. Hierarchical-HZ-5 (modified H-ZSM-5) was used as a heterogeneous acid catalyst. There are no reports available on the synthesis of n-hexyl levulinate biolubricant using renewable levulinic acid. The process variables such as catalyst to LA ratio (X-1), n-hexanol to LA molar ratio (X-2), reaction time (X-3) and reaction temperature (X-4) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), using the Box-Behnken model. Analysis of variance was done to check the suitability and significance of the quadratic model. The yield of n-hexyl levulinate obtained was 97\% with 100\% selectivity at optimum process parameters. The RSM analysis predicted that catalyst to LA ratio is most significant (value of p \< 0.0001) and n-hexanol to LA molar ratio is least significant (value of p = 0.0064) process parameter in esterification. The quadratic model established was revealed to be suitable and statistically precise with correlation value (R-2) of 0.9837 to predict the yield of n-hexyl levulinate. (C) 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Agricultural waste feedstock, Esterification, Hierarchical-HZ-5, n-Hexyl levulinate, Optimization, Response surface methodology}, issn = {0957-5820}, doi = {10.1016/j.psep.2015.11.003}, author = {Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y. and Bokade, Vijay V.} } @article {46941, title = {Concise enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(+)-goniothalamin oxide, a trypanocidal active agent via L-prolinol catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of cinnamaldehyde}, journal = {Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry}, volume = {59}, year = {2020}, month = {MAR}, pages = {393-398}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

A short and straight-forward enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(+)-goniothalamin oxide 2 has been achieved with an overall yield of 39\% and 99\% ee. The synthetic approach involves L-prolinol catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of cinnamaldehyde followed by Lewis acid-mediated diastereoselective allylation of epoxy aldehyde as the key chiral-inducing steps.

}, keywords = {Allylation, asymmetric epoxidation, Esterification, Grubbs{\textquoteright} catalyst, L-prolinol catalyst, Ring closing metathesis}, issn = {0376-4699}, author = {Kumar, B. Senthil and Mandle, Ram D. and Kamble, Sanjay P. and Sudalai, Arumugam} }