@article { ISI:000330613400010,
	title = {Crystallization: key thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects},
	journal = {Sadhana-Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences},
	volume = {38},
	number = {6},
	year = {2013},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {1287-1337},
	publisher = {INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES},
	address = {C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA},
	abstract = {<p>Crystallization is extensively used in different industrial applications, including the production of a wide range of materials such as fertilizers, detergents, food and pharmaceutical products, as well as in the mineral processing industries and treatment of waste effluents. In spite of the wide-spread use of crystallization, a clear understanding of the thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects of the design methodologies are not yet well established. More often than not crystallization is still considered an art especially in fine-chemicals, pharmaceuticals and life-sciences sector. It is essential to understand and relate key thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects to crystallizer performance, not just in terms of yield but also in terms of product quality (characterized by particle size distribution, morphology, polymorphism and the amount of strain as well as the uptake of solvent or impurities in the crystal lattice). This paper attempts to do that by critically reviewing published experimental and modelling studies on establishing and enhancing state-of-the-art thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects of crystallization. Efforts are made to discuss and raise points for emerging modelling tools needed for a flexible design and operation of crystallizers and crystallization processes that are needed to meet the ever increasing demand on precise product specifications. Focus is on bringing out the trends which can be used as perspectives for future studies in this field.</p>},
	keywords = {CFD, Crystallization, growth, Nucleation, polymorphism, supersaturation},
	issn = {0256-2499},
	author = {Vedantam, Sreepriya and Ranade, Vivek V.}
}
@article {47121,
	title = {Antisolvent based ultrasound-assisted batch and continuous flow precipitation of metformin hydrochloride particles},
	journal = {Journal of Flow Chemistry},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {181-192},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>Small sized particles of the antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride (MET.HCl) were produced by antisolvent based precipitation using an ultrasound assisted inverted jet reactor (IJR). This novel approach was implemented as a small passive mixer in which intensified turbulent mixing of the solution and the antisolvent occurred under controlled conditions. The optimized conditions for antisolvent precipitation (ASP) were investigated by studying the effect of solute concentration, antisolvent to solvent ratio and antisolvent temperature in batch systems. The optimized batch precipitation conditions were successfully translated into continuous flow process for the ultrasound assisted inverted jet reactor. The ability of the proposed clogging free inverted jet reactor approach can provide a scaled up alternative pathway to micro and millifluidic devices for manufacturing of small sized API particles, such as, MET.HCl for the formulations and encapsulations on an industrial scale.</p>
},
	keywords = {Continuous antisolvent precipitation, Jet-reactor, Metformin, supersaturation, Ultrasound},
	issn = {2062-249X},
	doi = {10.1007/s41981-020-00137-y, Early Access Date = JAN 2021},
	author = {Pal, Sayan and Nikam, Arun V. and Kulkarni, Amol A.}
}
