@article {48741,
	title = {Direct conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to N-containing heterocyclic compounds 3-acetamidofuran and 3-acetamido-5-acetyl Furan},
	journal = {Waste and Biomass Valorization},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2023},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {4201-4214},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Purpose Effectual waste utilization from plant as well as marine biomass has gained tremendous importance with reference to sustainability. The valorization of marine biomass produces value added compounds containing not only C, H, O but also renewable N atom in the skeleton which widens the scope for its exploration which may prove to be economically beneficial to the society. Heterogeneous catalytic transformation of marine biomass i.e. N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) to N-substituted aromatic heterocyclic furan derivatives is reported for the very first time. Cost effective and stable metal oxide catalysts were deployed for the transformation. Catalyst screening study showed that La2O3 was found to be an excellent catalyst for N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) dehydration which mainly produced 3-acetamidofuran (3AF). Methods The physicochemical properties of the metal oxide catalyst were investigated by various techniques such as XRD, FTIR, MeOH-FTIR, TPD, SEM, N-2 sorption studies and HR-TEM analysis for structure activity relationship. Results The effect of various reaction parameters such as catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and solvent effect on dehydration of N-acetyl glucosamine has been studied in detail for higher yields. The results revealed that the presence of weak basic sites which are Bronsted in nature and nano pores present on the surface were responsible for improved dehydration of the chitin biomass to selectively yield 3-acetamidofuran (3AF). La2O3 catalyst showed optimum 50\% 3AF yield from N-acetyl glucosamine at 180 degrees C in 3 h. Conclusion Efficacious exploitation of marine biomass to value added chemicals using heterogeneous catalysts can be extensively exploited. Separation of N-substituted heterocyclic aromatics is the most innovative aspect of the current study. Thus, utilization of heterogeneous catalyst and renewable biomass as a raw material indicates a transition towards more sustainable and greener approach.{GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</p>
},
	keywords = {3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran, 3-acetamidofuran, dehydration, heterogeneous catalysis, Lanthanum oxide, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, renewable feedstock},
	issn = {1877-2641},
	doi = {10.1007/s12649-023-02127-2},
	author = {Shaikh, Samrin S. and Patil, Chetana R. and Lucas, Nishita and Bokade, Vijay V. and Rode, Chandrashekhar V.}
}
@article {49105,
	title = {Microbial production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) for versatile applications: biotechnological strategies for green process development},
	journal = {Carbohydrate Research },
	volume = {536},
	year = {2024},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {109039},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a commercially important amino sugar for its wide range of applications in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and biofuel industries. In nature, GlcNAc is polymerised into chitin biopolymer, which is one of the major constituents of fungal cell wall and outer shells of crustaceans. Sea food processing industries generate a large volume of chitin as biopolymeric waste. Because of its high abundance, chitinaceous shellfish wastes have been exploited as one of the major precursor substrates of GlcNAc production, both in chemical and enzymatic means. Nevertheless, the current process of GlcNAc extraction from shellfish wastes generates poor turnover and attracts environmental hazards. Moreover, GlcNAc isolated from shellfish could not be prescribed to certain groups of people because of the allergic nature of shell components. Therefore, an alternative route of GlcNAc production is advocated. With the advancement of metabolic construction and synthetic biology, microbial synthesis of GlcNAc is gaining much attention nowadays. Several new and cuttingedge technologies like substrate co-utilization strategy, promoter engineering, and CRISPR interference system were proposed in this fascinating area. The study would put forward the potential application of microbial engineering in the production of important pharmaceuticals. Very recently, autotrophic fermentation of GlcNAc synthesis has been proposed. The metabolic engineering approaches would offer great promise to mitigate the issues of low yield and high production cost, which are major challenges in microbial bio-processes industries. Further process optimization, optimising metabolic flux, and efficient recovery of GlcNAc from culture broth, should be investigated in order to achieve a high product titer. The current study presents a comprehensive review on microbe-based eco-friendly green methods that would pave the way towards the development of future research directions in this field for the designing of a cost-effective fermentation process on an industrial setup.</p>
},
	keywords = {Genetic engineering, GlcNAc applications, Market status, Microbial bioprocess, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, synthetic biology},
	issn = {0008-6215},
	doi = {10.1016/j.carres.2024.109039},
	author = {Das, Sancharini and Chowdhury, Chiranjit and Kumar, S. Pavan and Roy, Debasis and Gosavi, Suresh W. and Sen, Ramkrishna}
}
