@article {48223,
	title = {Stacking herbicide detoxification and resistant genes improves glyphosate tolerance and reduces phytotoxicity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.)},
	journal = {Plant Physiology and Biochemistry},
	volume = {189},
	year = {2022},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {126-138},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Glyphosate residues retained in the growing meristematic tissues or in grains of glyphosate-resistant crops affect the plants physiological functions and crop yield. Removing glyphosate residues in the plants is desirable with no penalty on crop yield and quality. We report a new combination of scientific strategy to detoxify glyphosate that reduces the residual levels and improve crop resistance. The glyphosate detoxifying enzymes Aldo-keto reductase (AKR1) and mutated glycine oxidase (mGO) with different modes of action were co-expressed with modified EPSPS, which is insensitive to glyphosate in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). The transgenic tobacco plants expressing individual PsAKR1, mGO, CP4-EPSPS, combinations of PsAKR1:CP4EPSPS, PsAKR1:mGO, and multigene with PsAKR1: mGO: CP4EPSPS genes were developed. The bio-efficacy studies of in-vitro leaf regeneration on different concentrations of glyphosate, seedling bioassay, and spray on transgenic tobacco plants demonstrate that glyphosate detoxification with enhanced resistance. Comparative analysis of the transgenic tobacco plants reveals that double and multigene expressing transgenics had reduced accumulation of shikimic acid, glyphosate, and its primary residue AMPA, and increased levels of sarcosine were observed in all PsAKR1 expressing transgenics. The multigene expressing rice transgenics showed improved glyphosate resis-tance with yield maintenance. In summary, results suggest that stacking genes with two different detoxification mechanisms and insensitive EPSPS is a potential approach for developing glyphosate-resistant plants with less residual content.</p>
},
	keywords = {Detoxification, Gene stacking, Glyphosate, Herbicide, Multigene, Residual toxicity, Resistant, rice, Tobacco, Transgenics},
	issn = {0981-9428},
	doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.025},
	author = {Vennapusa, Amaranatha Reddy and Agarwal, Subham and Hm, Hanumanth Rao and Aarthy, Thiagarayaselvam and Babitha, K. C. and Thulasiram, V. Hirekodathakallu and Kulkarni, Mahesh J. and Melmaiee, Kalpalatha and Sudhakar, Chinta and Udayakumar, M. and Vemanna, Ramu S.}
}
@article {49691,
	title = {Ethyl cellulose-based controlled-release atrazine nanoformulation for effective and long-term weed management in agriculture},
	journal = {Industrial Crops and Products},
	volume = {229},
	year = {2025},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {120992},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Atrazine (ATZ) is the second most widely used herbicide. However, its widespread use is hazardous to the environment. We developed ethyl cellulose-based nanoformulated atrazine (nfATZ) to achieve slow and sustained release of ATZ for long-term weed control in crops such as maize. Maize or corn is used in several industrial applications, including the production of ethanol, corn syrup, adhesives, textiles, biodegradable plastics, etc. As broadleaf weeds significantly impact maize yields, we evaluated the effects of nfATZ and conventional ATZ on tomato as a representative of broadleaf weeds. Various concentrations of ATZ and nfATZ (1-10 mg per kg of soil) were evaluated in pre-emergence, post-emergence, and re-emergence studies. Several morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of weeds were assessed, and the efficacy of the herbicide formulations was evaluated. nfATZ outperformed conventional ATZ even at lower concentrations with prolonged herbicidal effectiveness beyond 30 days, while the main crop remained unaffected. The weed mortality in nfATZ treatment was \&gt; 80 \%, while it was 35 \% - 45 \% in ATZ treatment. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased by similar to 65 \% in nfATZ-treated weeds, impacting their photosynthesis and overall health. ATZ and nfATZ also significantly impacted the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (similar to 57 \%), superoxide dismutase (similar to 67 \%), and peroxidase (similar to 77 \%) in weeds. Thus, we conclude that nfATZ performed significantly better than ATZ in controlling weeds over the long term and reducing its environmental impact. Therefore, we propose nfATZ for highly effective and long-term weed control in large-scale production of industrial crops like maize.</p>
},
	keywords = {Controlled-release, Herbicide, Nanoformulation, Oxidative stress, Weed management, Weed mortality},
	issn = {0926-6690},
	doi = {10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120992},
	author = {Gautam, Tripurari Rao and Vasmatkar, Pashupat and Gundloori, Rathna V. N. and Kadoo, Narendra}
}
