@article {42582,
	title = {Hybrid core-shell nanoparticles: photoinduced electron-transfer for charge separation and solar cell application},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2009},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {5292{\textendash}5299},
	abstract = {<p>We report growth and formation of hybrid core-shell nanoparticle systems, where photoinduced electron-transfer takes place from the II-VI semiconducting core to an organic shell. With the hybrid core-shell nanoparticles, we fabricate devices so that the photoinduced electron-transfer can finally yield photocurrent and result photovoltaic solar cells. Formation of an organic shell-layer on CdSe nanoparticles is supported by electronic absorption spectroscopy. Electron-transfer from the nanoparticle in the core to a number of organic molecules in the shell is established from quenching of photoluminescence intensity of CdSe nanoparticles as well as from a change in the lifetime of photoluminescence emission. Devices based on the hybrid core-shell nanoparticles in a suitable hole-transporting layer with two dissimilar metal electrodes show efficient photovoltaic performance. Here, following the electron-transfer, electrons flow through the organic molecules and holes, left in the nanoparticles, move through the hole-transporting polymer to the opposite electrodes to yield photovoltaic short-circuit current. The role of CdSe nanoparticles in light-harvesting and charge-generation has been substantiated by control experiments with ZnS nanoparticles in the core. In ZnS-based hybrid core-shell systems, photovoltaic performance is low since photoinduced electron-transfer does not occur from ZnS to the dye.</p>},
	doi = {10.1021/cm902404s},
	author = {Guchhait, Asim and Rath, Arup Kumar and Pal, Amlan J.}
}
@article {42573,
	title = {Heterovalent cation substitutional doping for quantum dot homojunctions},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2013},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {Article number: 2981},
	abstract = {<p>Colloidal quantum dots have emerged as a material platform for low-cost high-performance optoelectronics. At the heart of optoelectronic devices lies the formation of a junction, which requires the intimate contact of n-type and p-type semiconductors. Doping in bulk semiconductors has been largely deployed for many decades, yet electronically active doping in quantum dots has remained a challenge and the demonstration of robust functional optoelectronic devices had thus far been elusive. Here we report an optoelectronic device, a quantum dot homojunction solar cell, based on heterovalent cation substitution. We used PbS quantum dots as a reference material, which is a p-type semiconductor, and we employed Bi-doping to transform it into an n-type semiconductor. We then combined the two layers into a homojunction device operating as a solar cell robustly under ambient air conditions with power conversion efficiency of 2.7\%.</p>},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms3981},
	author = {Stavrinadis, Alexandros and Rath, Arup Kumar and Pelayo Garcia de Arquer, F. and Diedenhofen, Silke L. and Magen, Cesar and Martinez, Luis and So, David and Konstantatos, Gerasimos}
}
