@article { ISI:000271443200024,
	title = {Synthesis of N-methylaniline by aniline alkylation with methanol over Sn-MFI molecular sieve},
	journal = {Catalysis Letters},
	volume = {133},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {175-184},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {<p>Sn-MFI molecular sieves (Tin silicalite-1) with SiO(2)/SnO(2) molar ratio of 50-150 were synthesized and characterized. Elemental analysis, XRD and DRUV-vis confirmed that prepared samples were of MFI zeolite structure and Sn was incorporated in MFI framework. Vapor phase methylation of aniline over Sn-MFI was systematically studied and optimizations of process parameters were carried out. Sn-MFI (SiO(2)/SnO(2) = 50) was found to be optimum catalyst with 55\% aniline conversion and 60\% N-methylaniline selectivity. At lower space velocity (higher contact time) of 1 h(-1), aniline conversion was found to be increased to 71\% with reduction in N-methylaniline selectivity to 39\% and increased in N,N-dimethylaniline selectivity to 58\%. The reaction follows first order kinetics with respect to aniline having activation energy of 7.3 kcal/mol.</p>},
	keywords = {Aniline, Lewis acid, Methanol, N-methylaniline, Sn-MFI},
	issn = {1011-372X},
	doi = {10.1007/s10562-009-0143-4},
	author = {Niphadkar, P. S. and Joshi, P. N. and Gurav, H. R. and Deshpande, Suvarna S. and Bokade, Vijay V.}
}
@article { ISI:000293492300024,
	title = {Influence of Al3+ insertion in the stannosilicate MFI framework on the catalytic performance in vapor phase aniline N-methylation},
	journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General},
	volume = {401},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {182-188},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Silica-based Sn-MFI, Al-MFI and Al-Sn-MFI molecular sieves were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization of gels having molar compositions SiO2:xSnO(2):yAl(2)O(3):0.23 (TPA)(2)O:35H(2)O, where x ranges from 1/0 to 1/200 and y from 1/0 to 1/400. Keeping molar Si/(Al + Sn) = 50, the amount of tin and aluminum in hydrogel was varied (Sn:Al molar ratios = 1:0, 1:0.33, 1:1, 1:3, 0:1) to investigate the synergy between Lewis and Bronsted acid sites in acid catalyzed aniline N-methylation reaction. Catalyst characterization was done by Powder X-ray diffraction, DRUV-vis spectroscopy, temperature programmed ammonia desorption (TPAD) and FTIR spectroscopy. An increase in the Al3+ insertion in Sn-MFI framework resulted in the increase in the stronger acid sites. Al-Sn-MFI showed higher aniline conversion than their monometallic counterparts. A sample having B/L ratio in between 0.67 and 0.91 was found to be optimum for maximizing the NMA yield, indicating the existence synergistic properties of Al-Sn-MFI. Upon process parameter optimization, the optimum sample M50 [Si/Al = 50.2, Si/Sn = 93.8, Si/(Al + Sn) = 43.2] showed the maximum aniline conversion (67\%) and NMA selectivity (81\%) at reaction temperature = 220 degrees C, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 3 h(-1), molar ratio (aniline to methanol) = 1:8 and TOS = 4 h. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Al-Sn-MFI, Aniline, Bronsted and Lewis acid, Methanol, N-methylaniline},
	issn = {0926-860X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2011.05.019},
	author = {Niphadkar, P. S. and Joshi, P. N. and Deshpande, Suvarna S. and Bokade, Vijay V.}
}
