@article { ISI:000380574100066,
	title = {Azadirachta indica triterpenoids promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro and in vivo},
	journal = {Bioorganic \& Medicinal Chemistry Letters},
	volume = {26},
	number = {15},
	year = {2016},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {3719-3724},
	publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>Terpenoids were isolated using chromatographic purification through solvent purification technique and identified as Azadirone (1), Epoxyazadiradione (2) Azadiradione (3) Gedunin (4) Nimbin (5) Salannin (6) Azadirachtin A (7) and Azadirachtin B (8) from Azadirachta indica. Out of eight compounds, only three compounds had osteogenic activity and enhanced osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in osteoblast cells. Active compounds stimulated osteogenic genes ALP, RunX-2 and OCN expressions in vitro, but Azadirachtin A had a maximum ability to stimulate osteoblast differentiation and mineralization compared to other two active compounds. For in vivo study, Azadirachtin A injected subcutaneously in pups, which enhanced osteogenic gene expressions and promoted bone formation rate significantly. Here, we conclude that active compounds of Azadirachta indica have osteogenic activity and Azadirachtin A has a beneficial effects on bone. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {ALP and mineralization assay, Balb/c mice pups, Calvarial osteoblast cells, Gene expressions},
	issn = {0960-894X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.076},
	author = {Kushwaha, Priyanka and Khedgikar, Vikram and Haldar, Saikat and Gautam, Jyoti and Mulani, Fayaj A. and Thulasiram, Hirekodathakallu V. and Trivedi, Ritu}
}
@article {46298,
	title = {Estrogen receptor activation in response to Azadirachtin A stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in mice},
	journal = {Journal of Cellular Physiology},
	volume = {234},
	year = {2019},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {23719-23735},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>The positive effectsof the sex hormone in sustaining bone homeostasis areexercised by maintaining the equilibrium betweencell activity and apoptosis. In this regard, the importance of estrogen receptors in maintaining the bone is that it is anattractive drug target,if devoid of known side effects. In this study, we show that a natural pure compound Azadirachtin A (Aza A) isolated from Azadirachta indica binds selectively to a site in the estrogen receptor, identifying itself to bea selective tissue modifier. Using computational and medicinal chemistry, we show that Aza A binds potentially and selectively to estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) as compared with ER beta. This preferential binding of Aza A to ER alpha with good pharmacokinetic distribution in the body forms metabolites, showing that it is well absorbed. In in vivo estrogen deficiency models for osteoporosis, Aza A at a much lower dose enhances new bone formation at both sites of the trabecular and cortical bone with increased bone strength and presentswith no hyperplastic effect in the uterus.</p>
},
	keywords = {ALP, Gene expression, micro-CT, mineralization, osteoblast cells},
	issn = {0021-9541},
	doi = {10.1002/jcp.28940},
	author = {Kushwaha, Priyanka and Ahmad, Naseer and Dhar, V. Yogeshwar and Verma, Ashwni and Haldar, Saikat and Mulani, Fayaj A. and Trivedi, Prabodh K. and Mishra, Prabhat R. and Thulasiram, V. Hirekodathakallu and Trivedi, Ritu}
}
