@article {47348,
	title = {Quantitative understanding of nucleation and growth kinetics of silver nanowires},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
	volume = {414},
	year = {2021},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {128711},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>We have demonstrated that using polyol synthesis, it is possible to prepare high aspect ratio silver nanowires by controlling the experiments for process related issues which are usually ignored, viz. the overhead space in the batch reactor. It is found that by controlling the presence/absence of NOx gases with refluxing of nitric acid in the batch reactor with an overhead space of 80\% volume, near complete conversion (-99\%) of high aspect ratio NWs (-1000) can be attained. We provide a detailed understanding of other factors assisting in rapid polyol synthesis like temperature, stirring rate, Chloride ion concentration, optimal PVP weight ratios and PVP/AgNO3 ratio that can lead to high aspect ratio NWs. Besides the process parameters and reagent concentration effects, kinetic studies based on our nucleation and R-C Model evaluate the overall reaction rate constants for silver nanowires and the JMAK approach is used to theoretically validate our experimental results of the reactor headspace having strongest effect on the aspect ratios. Our study highlights the importance of various complications in the polyol synthesis, through detailed kinetic modelling and affixes values of temperature, reactor headspace, stirring rate and residence time in order to achieve reproducible synthesis of nanowires with complete conversion along with a method to separate these nanowires.</p>},
	keywords = {Conducting inks, growth, Nucleation, Reaction kinetics, Redox-crystallization, Silver Nanowires},
	issn = {1385-8947},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2021.128711},
	author = {Patil, Suneha and Kate, Prachi R. and Deshpande, Jaydeep B. and Kulkarni, Amol A.}
}
@article {49319,
	title = {Model predicted optimization of experimental set-up and process conditions for microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanowires},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
	volume = {498},
	year = {2024},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {155483},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	This work presents simulations led optimization of choice of a reactor for an experimental set-up for the continuous production of silver nanowires with certain constraints in terms of yield, reaction time, and dimensions of nanowires. The choice of reactors based on the simulations of reaction kinetics for nucleation and growth phases of driving the optimization of an experimental set-up and subsequent optimization of process conditions to maximize the yield of nanowires of desired dimensions. The optimized reactor configuration is dictated by the reaction kinetics and using a microwave in continuous mode becomes unavoidable. This makes the approach highly reproducible as well as scalable. The integration of conventional and microwave heating is simulated and subsequently optimized experimentally to attain a significant increase in nanowire yield under steady-state conditions with less than 15 min of residence time. The precise control over the rate in different reactor configurations governing nucleation, accelerated growth followed by slow growth to complete the conversion of precursor enables higher selectivity of nanowires with controllable dimensions resulting in 100 gm production per day using simple set-up. We systematically examined key reaction parameters, including the concentration of metal ions, residence time, and different reactor configurations. Our approach successfully yielded AgNWs with 40-60 nm diameter and 15 mu m length. The cost associated with this process for synthesizing AgNWs is less than 10\$ per gram. This study highlights the potential of continuous, high-throughput processes for controlling nanowire size and yield through advanced reactor engineering.</p>
},
	keywords = {Continuous synthesis, Microwave, Reactor design, Silver Nanowires},
	issn = {1385-8947},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2024.155483},
	author = {Sonawane, Jayesh R. and Kulkarni, Amol A.}
}
