@article { ISI:000253622800027,
	title = {Experimental analysis of the lift force on bubbles in a swarm},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
	volume = {63},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {1710-1723},
	publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
	type = {Article},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>The lift force acting on bubbles in a swarm has been estimated by analyzing the instantaneous velocity-time data obtained using LDA in a cylindrical bubble column. Phase distinction was achieved through the multiresolution analysis of the velocity-time data. Several important issues related to the transverse motion of bubbles subjected to a shear field have been discussed quantitatively. The actually measured bubble sizes, the respective slip velocity values in transverse and axial directions and the local shear rates (gamma) enabled the verification of known formulations for the lift coefficient (C-L) for bubbles. At many locations in the column the radial flux of the gas phase by turbulent dispersion and the radial slip were estimated. The radially inward movement of bubbles from low to high axial velocity (from column wall to center, i.e., C-L \&lt; 0) was observed at most of the measurement locations. The local lift coefficient was estimated using the transverse drag force and the values support the results from the material balance approach. The estimated C-L values showed a wide variation over the column cross-section. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Bubble, Bubble column, bubble size, hydrodynamics, LDA, lift force},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2007.10.029},
	author = {Kulkarni, Amol A.}
}
@article { ISI:000345295000016,
	title = {Two-phase flow in metal monoliths: hydrodynamics and liquid-liquid extraction},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering},
	volume = {92},
	number = {12},
	year = {2014},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {2166-2175},
	publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
	address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA},
	abstract = {<p>This work aims to explore the application of metal monoliths as a scale-up option for efficient liquid-liquid extraction. The pressure drop, mass transfer and residence time distribution are measured for low Ca (approximate to 10(-5)) with monoliths having three different cell densities. The cross-over section between two monoliths was seen to enhance mixing in the column. However, the RTD of two-phase liquid-liquid up-flow was inferior to the single phase RTD. For higher cell density substrates, the cross-over zones seem to cause trapping of slugs due to non-superimposing channel ends. Relatively high shear rates through the film of continuous phase helped enhance the mass transfer rates, thereby helping to achieve the desired extraction in a short column. The entrance sections and cross-over zones between the monoliths adversely affected the extraction for higher cell density monoliths. The analysis of data supports use of low cell density monolith for better performance and scale up.</p>},
	keywords = {capillary, hydrodynamics, liquid-liquid extraction, monolith, slug flow},
	issn = {0008-4034},
	doi = {10.1002/cjce.22081},
	author = {Deshpande, Jaydeep B. and Gosavi, Abha and Kulkarni, Amol A.}
}
